Use of 0.7-in. Diameter Strands in Precast Pretensioned Girders (2022)

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148 Use of 0.7-in. Diameter Strands in Precast Pretensioned Girders Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) G 3536. (2014) Steel Wires and Strands for Prestressed Concrete. Tokyo, Japan, 15 pp. Japan Road Association (JRA). (2012) Specifications for Highway Bridges, Part III Concrete Bridges, 305 pp. Jiang, X. (2013) Bond Performance of High-Capacity Strands in High Strength Concrete. University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 135 pp. Khaleghi, B. (2006) Washington State Department of Transportation Design Memorandum, December 23. http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/eesc/bridge/designmemos/11-2006.htm. Kido, T. (2015) Personal Communication, November 13, 2015. Korean Agency for Technology and Standards (KATS). (2015) Uncoated Stress-Relieved Steel Wires and Strands for Prestressed Concrete (KS D 7002). Korean Standards Association (KSA), Seoul, Korea. Korea Road and Transportation Association (KRTA). (2015) Korea Highway Bridge Design Code (Limit State Design). Gunsuljungbosa, Seoul, Korea. Kupfer, H. B., and K. H. Gerstle. (1973) Behavior of Concrete under Biaxial Stresses. Journal of Engineering Mechanics Division, 99(4), 853. https://doi.org/10.1061/JMCEA3.0001789. Lallathin, T. J. (2015) US 17-92 Interchange at SR 436. Aspire, 9(4), 20–26. Lane, S. N. (1998) A New Development Length Equation for Pretensioning Strands in Bridge Beams and Piles. FHWA RD 98-116. FHWA, U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, DC, 123 pp. Machida, S., and A. J. Durelli. (1973) Response of a Strand to Axial and Torsional Displacements. Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, 15(4). Maguire, M. (2009) Impact of 0.7-Inch Diameter Prestressing Strands in Bridge Girders. MS thesis. University of Nebraska–Lincoln. Maguire, M., G. Morcous, and M. K. Tadros. (2013) Structural Performance of Precast/Prestressed Bridge Double-Tee Girders Made of High-Strength Concrete, Welded Wire Reinforcement, and 18-mm-Diameter Strands. Journal of Bridge Engineering, 18(10), 1053–1061. Mast, R. F. (1993) Lateral Stability of Long Prestressed Concrete Beams—Part 2. PCI Journal, 38(1), 70–88. Mattock, A. H. (1979) Flexural Strength of Prestressed Concrete Sections by Programmable Calculator. PCI Journal, 24(1), 32–54. Morcous, G. (2013) Implementation of 0.7  in. Diameter Strands in Prestressed Concrete Girders. Project SPR-P1(13) M333. Nebraska Department of Roads, Lincoln, 32 pp. Morcous, G., K. Hanna, and M. K. Tadros. (2010a) Transfer and Development Length of 0.7-in. (17.8-mm) Diameter Strands in Pretensioned Concrete Bridge Girders. HPC Bridge Views, Issue 64, November/December. Morcous, G., K. Hanna, and M. K. Tadros. (2010b) Bottom Flange Reinforcement in NU I-Girders. Project P331. Nebraska Department of Roads, Lincoln, 60 pp. Morcous, G., K. Hanna, and M. K. Tadros. (2011) Use of 0.7-in.-Diameter Strands in Pretensioned Bridge Girders. PCI Journal, 56(4), 65–82. Morcous, G., A. Hatami, M. Maguire, K. Hanna, and M. K. Tadros. (2012) Mechanical and Bond Properties of 18-mm- (0.7-in.-) Diameter Prestressing Strands. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 24(6), 735–744. Morcous, G., S. Assad, A. Hatami, and M. K. Tadros. (2014) Implementation of 0.7 in. Diameter Strands at 2.0 × 2.0 in. Spacing in Pretensioned Bridge Girder. PCI Journal, 59(3), 145–158. MOTC (2009) Department of Transportation, Design Specification of Highway Bridges, Taiwan. https://www. motc.gov.tw/ch/home.jsp?id=740&parentpath=&mcustomize=divpubreg_view.jsp&dataserno=424& aplistdn=ou=data,ou=divpubreg,ou=ap_root,o=motc,c=tw&toolsflag=Y&imgfolder=img%252Fstandard. Accessed 02/09/2017. Naito, C., F. Cetisli, and T. Tate. (2015) A Method for Quality Assurance of Seven Wire Strand Bond in Portland Cement Concrete. PCI Journal, 60(4), 69–84. Nayal, R., and H. A. Rasheed. (2006). Tension Stiffening Model for Concrete Beams Reinforced with Steel and FRP Bars. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 18(6), 831–841. Nebraska Department of Roads (NDOR). (2015) The Road Runner, February/March, 12 pp. New Zealand Transport Agency. (2014) SP/M/022 Bridge Manual, 3rd Ed., 310 pp. Oh, B. H., E. S. Kim, and Y. C. Choi. (2006) Theoretical Analysis of Transfer Lengths in Pretensioned Prestressed Concrete Members. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 132(10), 1057–1066. Okumus, P., and M. G. Oliva. (2014) Strand Debonding for Pretensioned Bridge Girders to Control End Cracks. ACI Structural Journal, 111(1), 201. Patzlaff, Q. (2010) Impact of Bottom Flange Confinement Reinforcement on Performance of Prestressed Concrete Bridge Girders. University of Nebraska–Lincoln, 127 pp. Patzlaff, Q., G. Morcous, K. Hanna, and M. K. Tadros. (2009) Transfer and Development of 0.7 Inch Strand in Precast/Prestressed Bridge Girders. PCI Convention and National Bridge Conference, San Antonio, TX. Patzlaff, Q., G. Morcous, K. Hanna, and M. K. Tadros. (2010) Bottom Flange Reinforcement of Precast-Prestressed Bridge I-Girders. PCA Concrete Bridge Conference, Phoenix, AZ.

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Abbreviations and acronyms used without denitions in TRB publications: A4A Airlines for America AAAE American Association of Airport Executives AASHO American Association of State Highway Officials AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials ACI–NA Airports Council International–North America ACRP Airport Cooperative Research Program ADA Americans with Disabilities Act APTA American Public Transportation Association ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials ATA American Trucking Associations CTAA Community Transportation Association of America CTBSSP Commercial Truck and Bus Safety Synthesis Program DHS Department of Homeland Security DOE Department of Energy EPA Environmental Protection Agency FAA Federal Aviation Administration FAST Fixing America’s Surface Transportation Act (2015) FHWA Federal Highway Administration FMCSA Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration FRA Federal Railroad Administration FTA Federal Transit Administration GHSA Governors Highway Safety Association HMCRP Hazardous Materials Cooperative Research Program IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ISTEA Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 ITE Institute of Transportation Engineers MAP-21 Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (2012) NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASAO National Association of State Aviation Officials NCFRP National Cooperative Freight Research Program NCHRP National Cooperative Highway Research Program NHTSA National Highway Traffic Safety Administration NTSB National Transportation Safety Board PHMSA Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration RITA Research and Innovative Technology Administration SAE Society of Automotive Engineers SAFETEA-LU Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (2005) TCRP Transit Cooperative Research Program TDC Transit Development Corporation TEA-21 Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (1998) TRB Transportation Research Board TSA Transportation Security Administration U.S. DOT United States Department of Transportation

U se of 0.7-in. D iam eter Strands in Precast Pretensioned G irders Transportation Research Board 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001 ADDRESS SERVICE REQUESTED ISBN 978-0-309-68704-1 9 7 8 0 3 0 9 6 8 7 0 4 1 9 0 0 0 0