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9 C H A P T E R 2 Research Approach To develop a Dynamic Curbside Management Guide for practitioners at all levels with a particular focus on state DOT and MPO audiences, the project research approach involved four key activities: a visioning workshop with the project panel, a literature review and policy scan, a Dynamic Curbside Management Unconference with practitioners and industry experts, and a series of case studies exploring the inter- workings between local, regional, and state agencies in four states. The four key activities occurred in a linear process with two secondary activities. The six key activities included: ⢠Visioning Workshop ⢠Literature Review and Policy Scan ⢠Dynamic Curbside Management Unconference ⢠Outreach and Data Collection Plan ⢠Case Studies and Stakeholder Interviews ⢠Development of Guide Visioning Workshop. A visioning workshop was held virtually on March 16, 2021, where project goals and objectives were confirmed, the deliverables were envisioned, and a list of attendees for the Dynamic Curbside Management Unconference were identified. Literature Review and Policy Scan. A review of existing literature on curbside management and dynamic curbside management was conducted. Academic and industry research reports, agency evaluations, conference papers, and peer-reviewed journal articles were reviewed. The literature review provided an up-to-date understanding of the various uses of the curb, the emerging and anticipated technologies that are contributing to increased competition for the curb, the different ways of dynamically managing the space, new tools and services to help jurisdictions implement curbside management. A scan of existing policies related to the implementation of dynamic curbside management in various jurisdictions provided insight into current trends, such as urban delivery and goods movement at the curb. Dynamic Curbside Management Unconference. A virtual two-hour Unconference was held on June 11, 2021, with 42 curbside management experts discussing curbside management challenges and opportunities. Participants had experience working with curbside management related to freight, data, technology, transit agency, and other core groups (see Appendix A). Participants identified critical areas for content, recommended case studies and identified best practices, and informed the final research efforts of the project. Outreach and Data Collection Plan. The research team developed a plan to collect and synthesize information from case studies and stakeholder interviews. The research team developed a stakeholder interview plan, outlined case study topics to ensure each case study addressed the themes identified in the outline, and included a subset of stakeholders to target for one-on-one interviews. Case Studies and Stakeholder Interviews. To supplement the findings from the literature review, policy scan, and Unconference, the project team conducted four case studies, as well as a series of stakeholder interviews, to further explore curbside management challenges and opportunities. The role of state and regional agencies warranted further exploration. To develop a better understanding of the
10 relationships across levels of government regarding curbside management, the team used a âverticalâ case study approach as seen in Figure 2. âVerticalâ Case Study Approach The project team conducted interviews with all levels of government within California, Colorado, Ohio, and Florida to represent various U.S. regions and diverse sociodemographic contexts to discuss dynamic curbside management. The team interviewed individuals who has experience with dynamic curbside management policies, programs, and projects at the state, regional, and local level. The proposed case study states were reviewed and approved by the project panel. Figure 2. âVerticalâ Case Study Approach To contact individuals from the four states, the project team relied on preexisting contacts and Unconference participants to initiate introductions. Interviewees were invited to participate in a 30- to 45- minute recorded virtual discussion with two project team members. Each interview has supplemental notes and a transcription A list of key questions and themes to discuss were emailed to interviewees in advance. The project team conducted a total of 20 case study and stakeholder interviews listed in Table 1. Table 1. List of Case Study and Stakeholder Interviews Agencies and Organizations Interviewed State Date of Interview Caltrans District Office (DOT) California Oct. 5, 2021 Metropolitan Transportation Commission (MPO) California Sep. 8, 2021 Southern California Council of Governments (MPO) California Sep. 1, 2021 City of Santa Monica (Local Jurisdiction) California Sep. 1, 2021 City of San Francisco (Local Jurisdiction) California Aug. 30, 2021 Ohio Department of Transportation HQ (DOT) Ohio Sep. 8, 2021 Mid-Ohio Regional Planning Commission (MPO) Ohio Sep. 14, 2021 City of Columbus (Local Jurisdiction) Ohio Aug. 20, 2021 Colorado Department of Transportation HQ (DOT) Colorado Sep. 21, 2021 Denver Regional Council of Governments (MPO) Colorado Aug. 24, 2021 City of Aspen (Local Jurisdiction) Colorado Aug. 19, 2021 City of Denver (Local Jurisdiction) Colorado Aug. 12, 2021 Florida Department of Transportation HQ (DOT) Florida Sep. 8, 2021
11 Agencies and Organizations Interviewed State Date of Interview Florida DOT District Office / City of Orlando (Former Staff) Florida Sep. 21, 2021 Miami-Dade Transportation Planning Organization (MPO) Florida Sep. 14, 2021 City of Ft. Lauderdale (Local Jurisdiction) Florida Aug. 31, 2021 City of West Palm Beach (Former Staff) Florida Sep. 15, 2021 Coord (Curb Solutions Provider) n/a Aug. 20, 2021 Uber (Private Mobility Provider) n/a Sep. 28, 2021 Open Mobility Foundation (Open Data Collective) n/a Sep. 16, 2021 Development of Guide. The qualitative data collected and findings from the research process were used to generate the primary project deliverables: the Quick Start Summary and the Dynamic Curbside Management Guide. The Guide is the most comprehensive deliverable with four sections of content: What is Dynamic Curbside Management, Dynamic Curbside Management Program Frameworks, Dynamic Curbside Management Tools, and Evolving Dynamic Curbside Management Opportunities. The Guide was reviewed three times by the panel for input and feedback. The Quick Start Summary was developed as a resource for practitioners to quickly gather essential information and point them to in-depth material in the Guide. Research Approach Limitations This section discusses the research approach limitations with the literature review, policy scan, the Unconference, outreach and data collection plan, case studies, and stakeholder interviews. Literature Review and Policy Scan The research team opted to focus on pilots conducted from 2019-2021 to focus on the most recent dynamic curbside management efforts, so many earlier pilots are not included in this document. Only completed or almost completed pilots were reviewed. To narrow the focus of literature reviewed, two lenses were applied to filter if material was suitable for review. First, determining whether the literature was related to dynamic curbside management, and second, focusing on an audience of state DOT and MPO employees. Dynamic Curbside Management Unconference ⢠Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the event was held virtually. ⢠Not all invited stakeholders were able to attend. ⢠Unconference was limited to 42 participants. Outreach and Data Collection Plan ⢠To narrow the final data collection parameters, not all suggested case studies could be explored. ⢠Due to interview time limitations, the interview outreach had to be modified for each interviewee and not all questions could be asked per interviewee.
12 Case Studies and Stakeholder Interviews ⢠Interviews were conducted over a six-week window to meet project deadlines and there was limited time to coordinate follow-up interviews. ⢠Interviews were tailored to each intervieweeâs role and experience with dynamic curbside management, so data collection varied across interviewees.