TO QUESTION,
TO SEARCH,
TO DISCOVER—
THAT IS OUR OBLIGATION.
THAT IS OUR HISTORY.
THAT IS OUR COMMITMENT.
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF MEDICINE
500 Fifth Street, NW, Washington, DC 20001
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-69395-0
International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-69395-0
Digital Object Identifier: https://doi.org/10.17226/26722
Library of Congress Control Number: 2022945952
Copyright © 2022 by the National Academy of Sciences. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and National Academies Press and the graphical logos for each are all trademarks of the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America.
Front Cover
Background Image: iStock®
Left Inset: Getty®
Right Inset: Science Photo Library®
TRANSFORMING HUMAN HEALTH
CELEBRATING 50 YEARS OF DISCOVERY AND PROGRESS
National Academy of Medicine 50th Anniversary Commemorative Volume
Edited by Laura Harbold DeStefano, Elena Fuentes-Afflick,
Eve Higginbotham, Mary Woolley, and Keith Yamamoto
Acknowledgments
This volume would not have been possible without the insights of members of the National Academy of Medicine (NAM) who helped to conceptualize and define the content, including:
Stuart Altman
Nancy Andrews
Jeffrey Balser
Donald Berwick
Enriqueta Bond
Allan Brandt
Alta Charo
Victor Dzau
Harvey Fineberg
Vanessa Northington Gamble
Lynn Goldman
Diane Griffin
Jane Henney
Eric Lander
Story Landis
Alan Leshner
Howard Markel
J. Michael McGinnis
Philip A. Pizzo
David Rosner
Larry Shapiro
Kenneth Shine
Rosemary Stevens
Samuel Thier
Keith Wailoo
Tadataka Yamada
Research for this volume was contributed by Fasika Gebru, Steve Olson, and Laura Harbold DeStefano.
Writing for this volume was contributed by Steve Olson, as well as:
Celynne Balatbat
Laura Harbold DeStefano
Madeleine Deye
Talia Lewis
Jenna Ogilvie
Samantha Phillips
Elizabeth Prescott
Michele Toplitz
The peer review process was led by Se Kim, Chiquita Boston, and Donna Duncan. The following NAM members served as peer reviewers:
Regan Bailey
Maureen Bisognano
Michael Boehnke
Claire Brindis
Ralph Brinster
Neil Calman
John Carethers
Aravinda Chakravarti
David Challoner
Ralph DeBerardinis
Frank Doyle
Donna Ferriero
Richard Guerrant
Barbara Hansen
George Hill
Debra Houry
Nicholas Jewell
Michael Johns
Linda Liau
Maureen Lichtveld
Elaine Mardis
Elena Nightingale
Gilbert Omenn
Corrine Peek-Asa
Nicholas Peppas
Rita Redberg
Jane Salmon
Susan Scrimshaw
Dorry Segev
Stephen Shortell
Alfred Sommer
William Stead
Marita Titler
David Valle
Robert Wachter
Valuable advice and support were provided by Clyde Behney, Radhika Hira, Morgan Kanarek, Rachel Marcus, Jessica Marx, Rebekah Hanover Pettit, Meg McCoy, and Holly Sten.
This book was designed by Voice Design Collective.
Opposite page: Science Photo Library®
Contents
BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Neuroscience and Neurological Diseases
Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation
Diagnostics, Therapeutics, and Imaging
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of Cancers
Other Non-Communicable Diseases
Health Disparities and Health Equity
Sexual and Reproductive Health
Substance and Alcohol Use Disorders
Injury and Violence Prevention
Healthy Nutrition and Behavior
Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
Health and Biomedical Research
Health Care Workforce Evolution
Medical and Health Informatics
Patient and Consumer Leadership in Health Care
U.S. Leadership in Global Health
