Bridge Element Data Collection and Use (2022)

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B-1   A P P E N D I X B State Survey Responses Survey Participants Q1: Please select the state that you represent.* State/Agency Name State Abbreviation Alabama AL Alaska AK Arizona AZ Arkansas AR California CA Colorado CO Connecticut CT Delaware DE District of Columbia DC Florida FL Georgia GA Hawaii HI Idaho ID Illinois IL Indiana IN Iowa IA Kansas KS Kentucky KY Louisiana LA Maine ME Maryland MD Massachusetts MA Michigan MI Minnesota MN Mississippi MS Missouri MO Montana MT Nebraska NE Nevada NV New Hampshire NH New Jersey NJ New Mexico NM New York NY North Carolina NC State/Agency Name State Abbreviation North Dakota ND Ohio OH Oklahoma OK Oregon OR Pennsylvania PA Rhode Island RI South Carolina SC South Dakota SD Tennessee TN Texas TX Utah UT Vermont VT Virginia VA Washington WA West Virginia WV Wisconsin WI Wyoming WY * All state DOTs and the District of Columbia DOT responded to the survey.

B-2 Bridge Element Data Collection and Use Q2: Please enter your contact information. This question collected names, phone numbers, and email addresses of the survey participants for communication purposes. Q3: Which types of bridge element data are collected by your agency? Please select all that apply. State DOT or Agency National Bridge Elements (NBEs) Bridge Management Elements (BMEs) Agency-Developed Elements (ADEs) AK X X X AL X X AR X X AZ X X CA X X X CO X X X CT X X DC X X DE X X X FL X X X GA X HI X X IA X X X ID X X IL X X X IN X KS X X KY X X X LA X X X MA X MD X X X ME X X X MI X X X MN X X X MO X X MS X X MT X X X NC X X X ND X X X

State Survey Responses B-3   State DOT or Agency National Bridge Elements (NBEs) Bridge Management Elements (BMEs) Agency-Developed Elements (ADEs) NE X X X NH X X X NJ X X X NM X X X NV X X NY X X X OH X X X OK X X X OR X X X PA X X X RI X X X SC X SD X X X TN X X TX X X X UT X X X VA X X X VT X WA X X X WI X X X WV X X WY X X X NBEs only 5 NBEs + BMEs 12 NBEs + BMEs + ADEs 33 NBEs + ADEs 1 Total 51

B-4 Bridge Element Data Collection and Use Q4: Does your agency collect data on element defects? State DOT or Agency Yes No AK X AL X AR X AZ X CA X CO X CT X DC X DE X FL X GA X HI X IA X ID X IL X IN X KS X KY X LA X MA X MD X ME X MI X MN X MO X State DOT or Agency Yes No MS X MT X NC X ND X NE X NH X NJ X NM X NV X NY X OH X OK X OR X PA X RI X SC X SD X TN X TX X UT X VA X VT X WA X WI X WV X WY X Yes 39 No 12 Total 51

State Survey Responses B-5   Q5: Does your agency collect element data by different environmental factors (e.g., benign, low, moderate, or severe)? State DOT or Agency Yes No AK X AL X AR X AZ X CA X CO X CT X DC X DE X FL X GA X HI X IA X ID X IL X IN X KS X KY X LA X MA X MD X ME X MI X MN X MO X State DOT or Agency Yes No MS X MT X NC X ND X NE X NH X NJ X NM X NV X NY X OH X OK X OR X PA X RI X SC X SD X TN X TX X UT X VA X VT X WA X WI X WV X WY X Yes 22 No 29 Total 51

B-6 Bridge Element Data Collection and Use Q6: Which statement best describes your organization’s confidence in the quality of your bridge element inspection data? No Confidence No Confidence State DOT or Agency Low Confidence Moderate Confidence High Confidence State DOT or Agency Low Confidence Moderate Confidence High Confidence AK X AL X AR X AZ X CA X CO X CT X DC X DE X FL X GA X HI X IA X ID X IL X IN X KS X KY X LA X MA X MD X ME X MI X MN X MO X MS X MT X NC X ND X NE X NH X NJ X NM X NV X NY X OH X OK X OR X PA X RI X SC X SD X TN X TX X UT X VA X VT X WA X WI X WV X WY X Low confidence 3 Moderate confidence 28 High confidence 20 Total 51

State Survey Responses B-7   Q7: Does your agency have quality control (QC) and quality assurance (QA) processes that you believe improve the quality of bridge element inspections? State DOT or Agency Yes No AK X AL X AR X AZ X CA X CO X CT X DC X DE X FL X GA X HI X IA X ID X IL X IN X KS X KY X LA X MA X MD X ME X MI X MN X MO X State DOT or Agency Yes No MS X MT X NC X ND X NE X NH X NJ X NM X NV X NY X OH X OK X OR X PA X RI X SC X SD X TN X TX X UT X VA X VT X WA X WI X WV X WY X Yes 47 No 4 Total 51

B-8 Bridge Element Data Collection and Use Q8: Does your agency use nondestructive evaluation (NDE) techniques for bridge element inspections? State DOT or Agency Yes No AK X AL X AR X AZ X CA X CO X CT X DC X DE X FL X GA X HI X IA X ID X IL X IN X KS X KY X LA X MA X MD X ME X MI X MN X MO X MS X State DOT or Agency Yes No MT X NC X ND X NE X NH X NJ X NM X NV X NY X OH X OK X OR X PA X RI X SC X SD X TN X TX X UT X VA X VT X WA X WI X WV X WY X Yes 43 No 8 Total 51

State Survey Responses B-9   Q9: Which NDE techniques does your agency use for your bridge inspections and how often? Chain Drag State DOT or Agency Never Rarely Sometimes Often AK X AL X AR X AZ X CA X CO X CT X DC X DE X FL X GA X HI X IA X ID X IL X IN X KS X KY X LA X MA X MD X ME X MI X MN X MO X MS X MT X NC X ND X NE X NH X NJ X NM X

B-10 Bridge Element Data Collection and Use State DOT or Agency Never Rarely Sometimes Often NV X NY X OH X OK X OR X PA X RI X SC X SD X TN X TX X UT X VA X VT X WA X WI X WV X WY X Never 4 Rarely 5 Sometimes 21 Often 21 Total 51

State Survey Responses B-11   Ground Penetrating Radar State DOT or Agency Never Rarely Sometimes Often AK X AL X AR X AZ X CA X CO X CT X DC X DE X FL X GA X HI X IA X ID X IL X IN X KS X KY X LA X MA X MD X ME X MI X MN X MO X MS X MT X NC X ND X NE X NH X NJ X NM X NV X NY X

B-12 Bridge Element Data Collection and Use State DOT or Agency Never Rarely Sometimes Often OH X OK X OR X PA X RI X SC X SD X TN X TX X UT X VA X VT X WA X WI X WV X WY X Never 14 Rarely 26 Sometimes 11 Often 0 Total 51

State Survey Responses B-13   Infrared Thermography State DOT or Agency Never Rarely Sometimes Often AK X AL X AR X AZ X CA X CO X CT X DC X DE X FL X GA X HI X IA X ID X IL X IN X KS X KY X LA X MA X MD X ME X MI X MN X MO X MS X MT X NC X ND X NE X NH X NJ X NM X NV X NY X

B-14 Bridge Element Data Collection and Use State DOT or Agency Never Rarely Sometimes Often OH X OK X OR X PA X RI X SC X SD X TN X TX X UT X VA X VT X WA X WI X WV X WY X Never 17 Rarely 25 Sometimes 8 Often 1 Total 51

State Survey Responses B-15   Impact Echo State DOT or Agency Never Rarely Sometimes Often AK X AL X AR X AZ X CA X CO X CT X DC X DE X FL X GA X HI X IA X ID X IL X IN X KS X KY X LA X MA X MD X ME X MI X MN X MO X MS X MT X NC X ND X NE X NH X NJ X NM X NV X NY X

B-16 Bridge Element Data Collection and Use State DOT or Agency Never Rarely Sometimes Often OH X OK X OR X PA X RI X SC X SD X TN X TX X UT X VA X VT X WA X WI X WV X WY X Never 24 Rarely 18 Sometimes 6 Often 3 Total 51

State Survey Responses B-17   Electromagnetic State DOT or Agency Never Rarely Sometimes Often AK X AL X AR X AZ X CA X CO X CT X DC X DE X FL X GA X HI X IA X ID X IL X IN X KS X KY X LA X MA X MD X ME X MI X MN X MO X MS X MT X NC X ND X NE X NH X NJ X NM X NV X NY X

B-18 Bridge Element Data Collection and Use State DOT or Agency Never Rarely Sometimes Often OH X OK X OR X PA X RI X SC X SD X TN X TX X UT X VA X VT X WA X WI X WV X WY X Never 22 Rarely 15 Sometimes 14 Often 0 Total 51

State Survey Responses B-19   Ultrasonic State DOT or Agency Never Rarely Sometimes Often AK X AL X AR X AZ X CA X CO X CT X DC X DE X FL X GA X HI X ID X IA X IL X IN X KS X KY X LA X MA X MD X ME X MI X MN X MO X MS X MT X NC X ND X NE X NH X NJ X NM X NV X NY X

B-20 Bridge Element Data Collection and Use State DOT or Agency Never Rarely Sometimes Often OH X OK X OR X PA X RI X SC X SD X TN X TX X UT X VA X VT X WA X WI X WV X WY X Never 8 Rarely 13 Sometimes 23 Often 7 Total 51

State Survey Responses B-21   Other State DOT or Agency Never Rarely Sometimes Often AK X AL X AR X AZ X CA X CO X CT X DC X DE X FL X GA X HI X IA X ID X IL X IN X KS X KY X LA X MA X MD X ME X MI X MN X MO X MS X MT X NC X ND X NE X NH X NJ X NM X NV X NY X

B-22 Bridge Element Data Collection and Use State DOT or Agency Never Rarely Sometimes Often OH X OK X OR X PA X RI X SC X SD X TN X TX X UT X VA X VT X WA X WI X WV X WY X Never 40 Rarely 4 Sometimes 4 Often 3 Total 51

State Survey Responses B-23   Q9b: Please note any other NDE techniques that your agency is using for bridge element inspections. Other NDE Techniques Used for Bridge Element Inspections Depending on type of inspections. Routine: sounding rod, hammer and chain drag. In-depth/FC*: magnetic and dye penetrant. Underwater: infrared, impact- echo, ultrasonic. Dye penetrant. Dye-penetrant testing. Magnetic particle; dye penetrant. D-Meter. Dye penetrant testing. Chloride tests, two per lane per span. This used to be standard for overlay decisions but is now only done if an overlay is to be removed and replaced. Department uses dye penetrant and D-Meters (i.e., ultrasonic) for general inspections; other methods are for in-depth inspections for project scoping/design reports. Dye penetrant testing. Magnetic particle and UT** performed on regular basis (maximum 6-year cycle) for FC members and connections with unique details. We have used half-cell potential, but more on an experimental basis. * Fracture critical ** Ultrasonic testing

Q10: How does your agency use bridge element data in asset management decision-making? Please select all that apply. State DOT or Agency Selection of bridge maintenance projects Selection of bridge preservation projects Selection of bridge rehabilitation and replacement projects Bridge-level decision- making and analysis Network-level decision- making and analysis We do not use bridge element data to support asset management decisions Other AK X X X X X AL X X X X AR X AZ X X X X X CA X X X X CO X X X X CT X DC X X X X DE X X X X X FL X X X X X GA X X X X X HI X X X X X IA X ID X X X X X IL X X X X X IN X KS X X X X KY X X X LA X X X X X MA X MD X

State DOT or Agency Selection of bridge maintenance projects Selection of bridge preservation projects Selection of bridge rehabilitation and replacement projects Bridge-level decision- making and analysis Network-level decision- making and analysis We do not use bridge element data to support asset management decisions Other ME X X X MI X MN X X X X X MO X MS X MT X X X X NC X X X X ND X X X X NE X NH X X X X NJ X X NM X X X X NV X X X X X NY X X X X X OH X OK X OR X X X X PA X X X X X RI X X X X SC X SD X X X X X TN X TX X

State DOT or Agency Selection of bridge maintenance projects Selection of bridge preservation projects Selection of bridge rehabilitation and replacement projects Bridge-level decision- making and analysis Network-level decision- making and analysis We do not use bridge element data to support asset management decisions Other UT X X X X VA X X X X X VT X X WA X X X X X WI X X X X X WV X X WY X Total 28 34 33 35 27 4 4

State Survey Responses B-27   Q10b: Please briefly describe in which other ways your agency uses bridge element data in asset management decision-making. Other Ways State DOT or Agency Uses Bridge Element Data in Asset Management Decision-Making Element CS ratings are used to control NBI rating of items 58, 59, and 60. NBI items impact Sufficiency Ratings (SRs). SR is one of many factors to provide a bridge with an overall score used for network- based decision-making. Also apply element deterioration modeling based on performance of the element per years of service. We do not currently use element-level data to support asset management decisions, but that is our goal. We currently use Deighton dTIMS® Infrastructure Asset Management Software to provide forecasting projections of our bridge inventory. Deighton dTIMS Infrastructure Asset Management Software is component based. We are in the process of setting up BrM to do forecasting projections of our bridge inventory, which is element-level based. We use our elements to help identify what items exist on a bridge. The existence of particular elements helps determine the potential fix candidates. We do not typically drill down to focusing efforts on specific elements on a bridge. We look at the broader good/fair/poor rating of the bridge and use that to drive decisions on projects. We have so many poor condition bridges that most of our project effort is focused on taking care of those issues. Preventive maintenance is done through normal operation budgets, with the focus on cleaning and sealing bridges and fixing issues with expansion joints. Our agency uses AASHTO element data to feed agency rating legacy modeling application and performance calculations. Our agency is planning to implement element data decision-making in a systematic way. Our agency is gathering element data on all state maintained bridges 10-foot clear span and greater on and off the NHS. When we have completed the first iteration by the end of 2021 FY, we will begin using BrM for network-level district allocation. Element data collection and maintenance have been a significant additional inspection burden that has not brought much, if any, benefit to bridge management decisions. The only advantage we see to using element data is for deterioration modeling, but because performance measures are based on general condition ratings, if deterioration modeling is done with element data, conversion to GCRs is required to interpret the effect of various scenarios on performance measures. Conversion is considered unreliable, and so while forecasting with element data is easier, the results are considered less reliable.

B-28 Bridge Element Data Collection and Use Q11: Does your agency utilize performance measures/indexes based on bridge element data in asset management decision-making? State DOT or Agency Yes No AK X AL X AR X AZ X CA X CO X CT X DC X DE X FL X GA X HI X IA X ID X IL X IN X KS X KY X LA X MA X MD X ME X MI X MN X MO X State DOT or Agency Yes No MS X MT X NC X ND X NE X NH X NJ X NM X NV X NY X OH X OK X OR X PA X RI X SC X SD X TN X TX X UT X VA X VT X WA X WI X WV X WY X Yes 23 No 28 Total 51

State Survey Responses B-29   State DOT Q12: Does your agency have project decision rules/decision trees that are based on bridge element data? State DOT or Agency Yes No AK X AL X AR X AZ X CA X CO X CT X DC X DE X FL X GA X HI X IA X ID X IL X IN X KS X KY X LA X MA X MD X ME X MI X MN X MO X or Agency Yes No MS X MT X NC X ND X NE X NH X NJ X NM X NV X NY X OH X OK X OR X PA X RI X SC X SD X TN X TX X UT X VA X VT X WA X WI X WV X WY X Yes 20 No 31 Total 51

B-30 Bridge Element Data Collection and Use Q13: Please select all that apply regarding your agency’s element cost models. AK X AL X AR X AZ X X CA X CO X CT X DC X DE X FL X GA X HI X IA X ID X IL X IN X KS X KY X LA X MA X MD X ME X MI X MN X MO X MS X MT X NC X ND X X NE X NH X NJ X X NM X State DOT or Agency We do not have element cost models. We use default cost models that were available in the BMS. We developed element cost models that we are confident in. We developed element cost models, but they need further improvement.

State Survey Responses B-31   State DOT or Agency We do not have element cost models. We use default cost models that were available in the BMS. We developed element cost models that we are confident in. We developed element cost models, but they need further improvement. NV X NY X OH X OK X OR X PA X X RI X SC X SD X TN X TX X UT X VA X X VT X WA X WI X WV X WY X We do not have element cost models. 18 We use default cost models that were available in the BMS. 6 We developed element cost models that we are confident in. 6 We developed element cost models, but they need further improvement. 26 Total 56

B-32 Bridge Element Data Collection and Use Q14: Please select all that apply regarding your agency’s element deterioration models. State DOT or Agency We do not have element deterioration models. We use default deterioration models that were available in the BMS. We developed element deterioration models that we are confident in. We developed element deterioration models, but they need further improvement. AK X AL X AR X AZ X CA X CO X CT X DC X DE X FL X GA X HI X IA X ID X IL X X IN X KS X KY X LA X MA X MD X ME X MI X MN X MO X MS X MT X NC X ND X NE X NH X NJ X NM X

State Survey Responses B-33   State DOT or Agency We do not have element deterioration models. We use default deterioration models that were available in the BMS. We developed element deterioration models that we are confident in. We developed element deterioration models, but they need further improvement. NV X NY X OH X OK X OR X PA X X RI X SC X SD X TN X TX X UT X VA X VT X WA X WI X WV X WY X We do not have element deterioration models. 15 We use default deterioration models that were available in the BMS. 5 We developed element deterioration models that we are confident in. 8 We developed element deterioration models, but they need further improvement. 25 Total 53

B-34 Bridge Element Data Collection and Use Q15: Which statement best describes your agency’s comparison of bridge element data to National Bridge Inventory General Condition Ratings? State DOT or Agency We do not compare them. We use a default conversion profile available in the BMS. We developed a conversion profile/model that we are confident in. We developed a conversion profile/model, but it needs further improvement. AK X AL X AR X AZ X CA X CO X CT X DC X DE X FL X GA X HI X IA X ID X IL X IN X KS X KY X LA X MA X MD X ME X MI X MN X MO X MS X MT X NC X ND X NE X NH X NJ X

State Survey Responses B-35   State DOT or Agency We do not compare them. We use a default conversion profile available in the BMS. We developed a conversion profile/model that we are confident in. We developed a conversion profile/model, but it needs further improvement. NM X NV X NY X OH X OK X OR X PA X RI X SC X SD X TN X TX X UT X VA X VT X WA X WI X WV X WY X We do not compare them. 26 We use a default conversion profile available in the BMS. 6 We developed a conversion profile/model that we are confident in. 6 We developed a conversion profile/model, but it needs further improvement. 13 Total 51

B-36 Bridge Element Data Collection and Use Q16: Which statement best describes your agency’s confidence in asset decision-making based on element data and models? State DOT or Agency High confidence Moderate confidence Low confidence No confidence We do not use element data or models. AK X AL X AR X AZ X CA X CO X CT X DC X DE X FL X GA X HI X IA X ID X IL X IN X KS X KY X LA X MA X MD X ME X MI X MN X MO X MS X MT X NC X ND X NE X NH X NJ X NM X

State Survey Responses B-37   State DOT or Agency High confidence Moderate confidence Low confidence No confidence We do not use element data or models. NV X NY X OH X OK X OR X PA X RI X SC X SD X TN X TX X UT X VA X VT X WA X WI X WV X WY X High confidence 2 Moderate confidence 21 Low confidence 15 No confidence 0 We do not use element data or models 13 Total 51

B-38 Bridge Element Data Collection and Use Q17: Which statement best describes your agency’s confidence in asset decision-making based on component data (General Condition Rating) and models? State DOT or Agency High confidence Moderate confidence Low confidence No confidence We do not use component data or models. AK X AL X AR X AZ X CA X CO X CT X DC X DE X FL X GA X HI X IA X ID X IL X IN X KS X KY X LA X MA X MD X ME X MI X MN X MO X MS X MT X NC X ND X NE X NH X NJ X

State Survey Responses B-39   State DOT or Agency High confidence Moderate confidence Low confidence No confidence We do not use component data or models. NM X NV X NY X OH X OK X OR X PA X RI X SC X SD X TN X TX X UT X VA X VT X WA X WI X WV X WY X High confidence 9 Moderate confidence 34 Low confidence 4 No confidence 0 We do not use component data or models 4 Total 51

B-40 Bridge Element Data Collection and Use Q18: Would your agency be interested in participating in a case example? State DOT or Agency Yes No AK X AL X AR X AZ X CA X CO X CT X DC X DE X FL X GA X HI X IA X ID X IL X IN X KS X KY X LA X MA X MD X ME X MI X MN X MO X MS X State DOT or Agency Yes No MT X NC X ND X NE X NH X NJ X NM X NV X NY X OH X OK X OR X PA X RI X SC X SD X TN X TX X UT X VA X VT X WA X WI X WV X WY X Yes 26 No 25 Total 51

Abbreviations and acronyms used without denitions in TRB publications: A4A Airlines for America AAAE American Association of Airport Executives AASHO American Association of State Highway Officials AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials ACI–NA Airports Council International–North America ACRP Airport Cooperative Research Program ADA Americans with Disabilities Act APTA American Public Transportation Association ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials ATA American Trucking Associations CTAA Community Transportation Association of America CTBSSP Commercial Truck and Bus Safety Synthesis Program DHS Department of Homeland Security DOE Department of Energy EPA Environmental Protection Agency FAA Federal Aviation Administration FAST Fixing America’s Surface Transportation Act (2015) FHWA Federal Highway Administration FMCSA Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration FRA Federal Railroad Administration FTA Federal Transit Administration GHSA Governors Highway Safety Association HMCRP Hazardous Materials Cooperative Research Program IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ISTEA Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 ITE Institute of Transportation Engineers MAP-21 Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (2012) NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASAO National Association of State Aviation Officials NCFRP National Cooperative Freight Research Program NCHRP National Cooperative Highway Research Program NHTSA National Highway Traffic Safety Administration NTSB National Transportation Safety Board PHMSA Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration RITA Research and Innovative Technology Administration SAE Society of Automotive Engineers SAFETEA-LU Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (2005) TCRP Transit Cooperative Research Program TDC Transit Development Corporation TEA-21 Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (1998) TRB Transportation Research Board TSA Transportation Security Administration U.S. DOT United States Department of Transportation

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