Development of a Small Aircraft Runway Length Analysis Tool (2022)

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85 9 APPENDIX C – REPRESENTATIVE RUNWAY PERFORMANCE DATA FOR OTHER SMALL AIRCRAFT NOT INCLUDED IN SARLAT The goal of this section is to summarize takeoff field length for other small aircraft not included in SARLAT. The information provided may be useful for airport designers because it provides similarities between aircraft included in SARLAT and other popular aircraft operating in the United States. SARLAT contains information on takeoff and landing performance for 42 aircraft (called SARLAT aircraft original models). Aircraft with similar performance characteristics to those included in SARLAT (reference aircraft) are referred to as “synonym” aircraft. To establish a matching criteria between reference and synomym aircraft models, we ues multiple criteria: a. Similar takeoff performance at sea level ISA conditions and 5,000 feet and 25 degrees Celsius (“hot” and “high” airport conditions) b. The same engine type c. The same number of engines d. Availability of a turbocharger e. The same type of takeoff distance (accelerate-stop distance for twin-engine piston aircraft and turboprop having 10 or more passenger seats) f. Aircraft variants The performance matching procedure uses two performance conditions: 1) the takeoff distance at sea level ISA conditions, and the takeoff distance at 5,000 ft and 25 degrees Celsius (hot and high airport conditions). Figure 43 shows the takeoff distance single-engine aircraft. The plot shows the takeoff distance at sea level and ISA conditions on the x-axis. The takeoff distance at 5,000-foot airport elevation (and 25 deg. C) is plotted in the y-axis. Figure 43 shows differences between turbocharged piston-powered and non-turbocharged at 5,000 feet. This is expected because engine turbochargers are designed to maintain the engine performance at higher altitudes. Figure 44 shows a cluster plot showing the association of reference and synomym aircraft for single engine piston-powered aircraft with turbochargers. Figure 45 shows the association of reference and synomym aircraft for single engine piston-powered aircraft without turbochargers. Figure 46 shows a cluster plot with reference and synomym aircraft for twin-engine piston- powered aircraft with turbochargers. Figure 47 shows a cluster plot with reference and synomym aircraft for twin-engine piston-powered aircraft without turbochargers. Figure 48 and Figure 49 shows cluster analysis plots for turboprop aircraft. Figure 50 shows the takeoff performance cluster analysis for turbofan-powered aircraft. Table 25 summarizes the aircraft performance characteristics for reference and synonym piston- powered aircraft. Table 26 shows the aircraft performance characteristics of reference and synonym turboprop aircraft. Table 28 shows the aircraft performance characteristics of reference

86 and synonym turbofan-powered aircraft. Each table shows takeoff distances at two operating points for the reference and synomym aircraft. The last block of columns in each table shows the difference in takeoff performance between reference and synonym aircraft. The ‘Delta’ value in the tables represents the absolute difference between the takeoff distance known for the synonym aircraft and the corresponding value of the reference model in SARLAT. Similarly, the ‘% error’ stands for relative error. Relative errors are highlighted in yellow when they exceed by 10%; orange when they exceed by 20% and red when they exceed by 30%. In some special cases, there are airraft with unique performance chacteristics that require a match outside the same engine group. Two aircraft that present unique performance features are the Piaggio P180 Avanti II and Cessna Turbo 182 Skylane. The Piaggio P180 is better matched with the performance of the Cessna Citation Jet 3. The Cessna Turbo 182 is best matched with the non- turbocharged version of the same aircraft. Other aircraft with unique characteristics are the Czech Sport Cruiser and Jabiru J230-D. Both belong to the Light Sport Category. The corresponding pilot operating handbooks do not provide takeoff distance at 5,000 ft. Nevertheless, using the sea level ISA performance values we identify the Cessna 152, in SARLAT as the best match. In this context, the performance of some LSA aircraft is similar to that of single-engine piston-powered aircraft. Figure 43: Takeoff Performance for Single Engine Piston-powered Aircraft.

87 Figure 44: Cluster Analysis for Turbocharged Single Engine Piston-powered Aircraft. Figure 45: Cluster Analysis for Non-turbocharged Single Engine Piston-powered Aircraft.

88 Figure 46: Cluster Analysis for Turbocharged Twin-engine Piston-powered Aircraft. Figure 47: Cluster Analysis for Non-turbocharged Twin-engine Piston Aircraft.

89 Figure 48: Cluster Analysis for Turboprop-powered Aircraft with Less than 10 Seats. Figure 49: Cluster Analysis for Turboprop-powered Aircraft with 10 Seats or More.

90 Figure 50: Cluster Analysis for Turbofan-powered Aircraft.

91 Table 25: Performance of Piston-Powered Aircraft not Included in SARLAT (called Synonym Aircraft) and SARLAT Modeled Aircraft. Synonym Aircraft Reference Aircraft Model in SARLAT Takeoff Performance Difference Aircraft Manufacturer Aircraft Name FAA Type Designator Takeoff Performance (feet) Aircraft Name Takeoff Performance (feet) Sea level, 15C 5,000ft, 25C Sea level, 15C 5000ft, 25C Sea level, 15C 5000ft, 25C Delta (ft) % Error Delta (ft) % Error Cessna T182 Turbo Skylane C82S 1385 1928 Cessna 182 Skylane 1350 2370 -35 -2.5 442 22.9 Lancair Columbia 300 COL3 1250 1750 Cessna 180 Skywagon 1205 2098 -45 -3.6 348 19.9 Mooney M20M Bravo M20T 2100 2600 Cirrus SR 22 Turbo 2081 3029 -19 -0.9 429 16.5 Mooney M20TN Acclaim Type S M20T 2100 3100 Mooney M20V Acclaim Ultra 2138 3145 38 1.8 45 1.5 Piper Aircraft PA-46 Malibu Mirage PA46 2090 2977 Cirrus SR 22 Turbo 2081 3029 -9 -0.4 52 1.7 Mooney M20R Ovation3 M20P 1620 2500 Cessna 172 Skyhawk 1440 2503 -180 -11.1 3 0.1 Beechcraft Corp. Beechcraft F33 Bonanza BE33 2207 3612 Cirrus SR 20 2531 4305 324 14.7 693 19.2 Beechcraft Corp. Beechcraft V35 Bonanza BE35 1753 3373 Cirrus SR 22 1869 3215 116 6.6 -158 -4.7 Beechcraft Corp. Beechcraft 36 Bonanza BE36 2079 3730 Cirrus SR 20 2531 4305 452 21.7 575 15.4 Cessna 206 Stationair C206 1860 3375 Cirrus SR 22 1869 3215 9 0.5 -160 -4.7 Beechcraft Corp. Bonanza G36 BE36 1913 3450 Cirrus SR 22 1869 3215 -44 -2.3 -235 -6.8 GA8 Airvan (Pty) Ltd. GA8 Airvan GA8 1860 3670 Cirrus SR 22 1869 3215 9 0.5 -455 -12.4 Mooney M20R Ovation M20P 2293 3521 Cirrus SR 20 2531 4305 238 10.4 784 22.3 Gulfstream Aerospace Grumman American AA-1C AA1 1592 2694 Diamond 40 Star 1457 2941 -135 -8.5 247 9.2

92 Gulfstream Aerospace Grumman American AA-5A AA5 1602 2711 Diamond 40 Star 1457 2941 -145 -9.1 230 8.5 Rockwell International Rockwell Commander 112 AC11 1600 3163 Diamond 40 Star 1457 2941 -143 -8.9 -222 -7.0 Diamond Aircraft Industries Diamond 20 Katana DV20 1603 3155 Diamond 40 Star 1457 2941 -146 -9.1 -214 -6.8 Piper Aircraft Piper 38 Tomahawk PA38 1460 3100 Diamond 40 Star 1457 2941 -3 -0.2 -159 -5.1 GA8 Airvan (Pty) Ltd. GA8 Airvan TC GA8 1840 2788 Cessna T206 Turbo Stationair 1743 2498 -97 -5.3 -290 -10.4 Beechcraft Corp. Beechcraft 23 Musketeer BE23 1829 2896 Cirrus SR 22 1869 3215 40 2.2 319 11.0 Textron Aviation T206 Turbo Stationair HD T206 1970 2845 Cirrus SR 22 Turbo 2081 3029 111 5.6 184 6.5 Textron Aviation Cessna TTx T240 C240 1900 2460 Cessna Columbia 400 1925 2450 25 1.3 -10 -0.4 New Piper PA-32R SaratogaⅡTC P32R 1810 2595 Cessna T206 Turbo Stationair 1743 2498 -67 -3.7 -97 -3.7 Beechcraft Corp. Beechcraft 77 Skipper BE77 1356 2144 Cessna 182 Skylane 1350 2370 -6 -0.4 226 10.5 Socata TB-20 Trinidad TB20 2083 4094 Cirrus SR 20 2531 4305 448 21.5 211 5.2 Socata TB-21 Trinidad GT TB21 1922 2411 Cessna Columbia 400 1925 2450 3 0.2 39 1.6 Beechcraft Corp. Baron G58 BE58 3009 4335 Beechcraft 58 Baron 3210 4350 201 6.7 15 0.3 Vulcanair SpA P68C P68 2149 2854 Piper 30 Twin Comanche 2960 4187 811 37.7 1333 46.7 Piper Aircraft Piper 44 Seminole PA44 2350 4000 Piper 30 Twin Comanche 2960 4187 610 26.0 187 4.7 Vulcanair SpA P68C-TC P68 2300 3000 Cessna 402B 3035 4280 735 32.0 1280 42.7 Piper Aircraft Piper 34 Seneca V PA34 2510 3117 Cessna 402B 3035 4280 525 20.9 1163 37.3

93 Table 26: Performance of Piston-Powered Aircraft not Included in SARLAT (called Synonym Aircraft) in the Light Sport Category. Synonym Aircraft Reference Aircraft Model in SARLAT Takeoff Performance Difference Aircraft Manufacturer Aircraft Name FAA Type Designator Takeoff Performance (feet) Aircraft Name Takeoff Performance (feet) Sea level, 15C 5,000ft, 25C Sea level, 15C 5000ft, 25C Sea level, 15C 5000ft, 25C Delta (ft) % Error Delta (ft) % Error Rans Rans S7 CRER 872 1573 Flight Design CTLS 905 1598 33 3.8 25 1.6 Czech Sport Aircraft Czech SportCruiser CRUZ 1270 NA Cessna 152 1340 2423 70 5.5 NA NA Jabiru Aircraft Jabiru J230-D JAB4 1286 NA Cessna 152 1340 2423 54 4.2 NA NA Table 27: Performance of Turboprop-Powered Aircraft not Included in SARLAT. Synonym Aircraft Reference Aircraft Model in SARLAT Takeoff Performance Difference Aircraft Manufacturer Aircraft Name FAA Type Designator Takeoff Performance (feet) Aircraft Name Takeoff Performance (feet) Sea level, 15C 5,000ft, 25C Sea level, 15C 5000ft, 25C Sea level, 15C 5000ft, 25C Delta (ft) % Error Delta (ft) % Error Socata TBM 930 TBM9 2380 3375 Piper 46 Malibu Meridian 2454 3730 74 3.1 355 10.5 Cessna Grand Caravan EX C208 2160 3661 Piper 46 Malibu Meridian 2454 3730 294 13.6 69 1.9 Quest Aircraft Kodiak 100 KODI 1468 2396 Cessna 208 Caravan 2090 3013 622 42.4 617 25.8 Piaggio Aero P180 Avanti Ⅱ P180 3262 4700 Cessna CitationJet 3 3186 4750 -76 -2.3 50 1.1 Vulcanair SpA Viator AP68TP-600 VTOR 2887 3740 Beechcraft B200GT King Air 3360 4432 473 16.4 692 18.5 Beechcraft Corp. King Air 250 B200GT BE20 3687 4859 Rockwell Commander 690B 3450 4938 -237 -6.4 79 1.6

94 GECI Aviation F406 Caravan Ⅱ F406 4746 6215 Beechcraft King Air 350ER 4473 7592 -273 -5.8 1377 22.2 Beechcraft Corp. King Air 350i B300 B350 NA NA Beechcraft King Air 350ER 4473 7592 NA NA NA NA Beechcraft Corp. King Air 350HW B300 B350 NA NA Beechcraft King Air 350ER 4473 7592 NA NA NA NA Table 28: Other Popular Turbofan-Powered Aircraft. Synonym Aircraft Reference Aircraft Model in SARLAT Takeoff Performance Difference Aircraft Manufacturer Aircraft Name FAA Type Designator Takeoff Performance (feet) Aircraft Name Takeoff Performance (feet) Sea level, 15C 5,000ft, 25C Sea level, 15C 5000ft, 25C Sea level, 15C 5000ft, 25C Delta (ft) % Error Delta (ft) % Error Cessna Citation M2 C25M 3250 5720 Cessna CitationJet 1 3104 5710 -146 -4.5 -10 -0.2 Cessna Citation CJ4 C25C 3190 5130 Phenom 300 3146 5116 -44 -1.4 -14 -0.3 Cessna Citation CJ2+ C25A 3360 5180 Honda Jet 420 Elite 3497 5166 137 4.1 -14 -0.3 Cessna Citation Bravo C55B 3600 5520 Cessna 560 XL 3567 5430 -33 -0.9 -90 -1.6 Cessna Citation CJ2 C25A 3420 5080 Honda Jet 420 Elite 3497 5166 77 2.3 86 1.7 Cessna Citation Mustang C510 3110 6600 Cessna CitationJet 1 3104 5710 -6 -0.2 -890 -13.5 Embraer Phenom 100 E50P 3040 6384 Cessna CitationJet 1 3104 5710 64 2.1 -674 -10.6 Cessna Citation Encore+ C560 3520 5830 Cessna 560 XL 3567 5430 47 1.3 -400 -6.9 Cessna Citation Encore C560 3490 5750 Cessna 560 XL 3567 5430 77 2.2 -320 -5.6 Cirrus Design Vision SF50 SF50 2036 3679 Cessna CitationJet 3 3186 4750 1150 56.5 1071 29.1 Eclipse Aerospace Eclipse 550 EA50 2394 4171 Cessna CitationJet 3 3186 4750 792 33.1 579 13.9