References
Abdulkareem, A.K., and Ishola, A.A. (2016). E-government in Nigeria: Progress and prospects. Ilorin Journal of Administration and Development, 2(1).
Abdulkareem, A.K., Ishola, A.A., and Abdulkareem, Z.J. (2020). E-Government and Bureaucratic Corruption in Nigeria: Successes and Challenges. Journal Studi Pemerintahan (Journal of Government & Politics), 12(1), 1–20.
Anderson, C., and Tverdova, Y. (2003). Corruption, Political Allegiances, and Attitudes Toward Government in Contemporary Democracies. American Journal of Political Science, 47(1), 91–109.
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation. (2015). Best Practices in Investigating and Prosecuting Corruption: Using Financial Flow Tracking Techniques and Financial Intelligence, A Handbook. SOM Steering Committee on Economic and Technical Cooperation, Anti-Corruption and Transparency Experts Working Group. https://www.apec.org/Publications/2015/10/Best-Practices-in-Investigating-and-Prosecuting-Corruption.
Azfar, O., and Gurgur, T. (2008). Does corruption affect health outcomes in the Philippines? Economics and Government, 9, 197–244. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10101-006-0031-y.
Bajpai, R., and Myers, B. (2020). Enhancing Government Effectiveness and Transparency: The Fight Against Corruption. The World Bank. https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/235541600116631094/enhancing-government-effectiveness-and-transparency-the-fight-against-corruption.
Balán, M. (2011). Competition by denunciation: The political dynamics of corruption scandals in Argentina and Chile. Comparative Politics, 43(4), 459–478.
Barbabela, L., Pellicer, M., and Wegner, E. (2022). Court performance and citizen attitudes toward fighting corruption. Governance, 35(3), 717–735.
BBC News. (2009). S Korea stunned by Roh’s suicide. BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/8065101.stm.
Beauchamp, Z. (2016). Brazil’s Petrobras scandal, explained. Vox. https://www.vox.com/2016/3/18/11260924/petrobras-brazil.
Bechara, F., and Goldschmidt, P. (2020). Lessons of Operation Car Wash: a legal, institutional, and economic analysis. Washington, DC: Wilson Center. https://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/media/uploads/documents/BI-09212020-Car%20Wash%20Report_v2.pdf.
Bertelsmann Stiftung’s Transformation Index. (2022). The BTI Transformation Index. The Bertelsmann Stiftung. https://bti-project.org/en/?&cb=00000.
Bertot, J.C., Jaeger, P.T., and Grimes, J.M. (2012). Promoting transparency and accountability through ICTs, social media, and collaborative e-government. Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, 6(1), 78–91.
Bingham, T. (2011). The Rule of Law. Penguin.
Black, D.J. (1973). The mobilization of law. The Journal of Legal Studies, 2(1), 125–149.
Boondao, R., and Tripathi, N.K. (2009). Electronic Policing: A Framework for Crime Control and Citizen Services. IGI Global. https://www.irma-international.org/viewtitle/9335/?isxn=9781605660561.
Botero, S., Castro, C., Gamboa, L., Pavao, N., and Nickerson, D.W. (2015). Says Who? An Experiment on Allegations of Corruption and Credibility of Sources. Political Research Quarterly, 68(3), 493–504. https://doi.org/10.1177/1065912915591607.
Bottoms, A., and Tankebe, J. (2017). Police legitimacy and the authority of the state. Criminal Law and the Authority of the State. Hart Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781509905164.ch-003.
Brito, R., and Slattery, G. (2021). After seven years, Brazil shuts down Car Wash anticorruption squad. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-brazil-corruption/after-seven-years-brazil-shuts-down-car-wash-anti-corruption-squad-idUSKBN2A4068.
Buerger, M.E., and Mazerolle, L. (1998). Third-party policing: A theoretical analysis of an emerging trend. Justice Quarterly, 15(2), 301–327.
Castro, C., and Lopes, I.C. (2022). E-Government as a Tool in Controlling Corruption. International Journal of Public Administration, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2022.2076695.
CEELI Institute, Justice Studies Center of the Americas. (2020). Judicial Independence: New Challenges and Judicial Governance Innovations. Past Present Future Conference Booklet. https://www.unodc.org/documents/ji/doha2020/Conference_Booklet_WEB_updated.pdf.
Center for Systemic Peace. (2022). Integrated Network for Societal Conflict Research Data Page. Center for Systemic Peace. http://www.systemicpeace.org/inscrdata.html.
Chang, E., and Chu, Y. (2006). Corruption and Trust: Exceptionalism in Asian Democracies? Journal of Politics, 68(2), 259–271.
Charron, N. (2015). WP5 Deliverable 1: Extensive descriptive report on the methodology, results and analysis of the survey data and EQI Index. Quality of Government Institute. http://anticorrp.eu/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/WP5-Deliverable-5-1.pdf.
Cheung, A.Y. (2019). Measuring the Measures: Rule of Law Indices and Abusive Legalism. LawArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31228/osf.io/8r5zb.
Christelis, N., and Petter, L. (2004). United Nations handbook on practical anti-corruption measures for prosecutors and investigators. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime.
Cordner, G., and Perkins, E.B. (2013). e.cop: Using the Web to Enhance Community Oriented Policing. U.S. Department of Justice Office of Community Oriented Policing Service. https://cops.usdoj.gov/RIC/Publications/cops-w0706-pub.pdf.
D’Agostino, G., Dunne, J.P., and Pieroni, L. (2016). Government Spending, Corruption and Economic Growth. World Development, 84, 190–205.
De Vries, C., and Solaz, H. (2017). The Electoral Consequences of Corruption. Annual Reviews of Political Science 20, 391–408.
Del Monte, A., and Papagni, E. (2001). Public expenditure, corruption, and economic growth: the case of Italy. European Journal of Political Economy, 17(1), 1–16.
Duri, J. (2020). Definitions of grand corruption. U4 Helpdesk Answer, Transparency International. https://knowledgehub.transparency.org/assets/uploads/kproducts/Defining-grand-corruption_FINAL.pdf.
Ericson, R.V., and Haggerty, K.D. (1997). Policing the Risk Society. University of Toronto Press. http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3138/9781442678590.
Factor, R., and Kang, M. (2015). Corruption and population health outcomes: an analysis of data from 133 countries using structural equation modeling. International Journal of Public Health, 60, 633–641. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-015-0687-6.
Fazekas, M., and Cingolani, L. (2017). Breaking the cycle? How (not) to use political finance regulations to counter public procurement corruption. Slavonic and East European Review, 95(1), 76–116.
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). (n.d.a.). ABSCAM. FBI. https://www.fbi.gov/history/famous-cases/abscam.
———. (n.d.b.). ABSCAM File. FBI. https://vault.fbi.gov/ABSCAM%20/.
Ferraz, C., and Finan, F. (2008). Exposing Corrupt Politicians: The Effects of Brazil’s Publicly Released Audits on Electoral Outcomes, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 123(2), 703–745. https://doi.org/10.1162/qjec.2008.123.2.703.
Ferreira, D.A., and Mungiu-Pippidi, A. (2022). Understanding the systemic features needed to control high-level corruption and how the police can have a positive impact. Paper prepared for the Committee on the Evidence to Advance Reform in the Global Security and Justice Sectors, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. https://www.nationalacademies.org/event/02-24-2022/evidence-to-advance-reform-in-the-global-security-and-justice-sectors-workshop-5-public-session-1.
Figueroa, V. (2021). Political Corruption Cycles: High-Frequency Evidence from Argentina’s Notebooks Scandal. Comparative Political Studies, 54(3-4), 482–517.
Fox, J. (2022). Accountability Keywords. Accountability Research Center, 11(Working paper). https://accountabilityspellingin-textresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Working-Paper-11_Keywords_May-24.pdf.
Fukuyama, F. (2014). Political Order and Political Decay: From the Industrial Revolution to the Globalization of Democracy. Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
Funk, K., and Owen, E. (2020). Consequences of an Anti-Corruption Experiment for Local Government Performance in Brazil. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 39(2), 444–468.
Gates, A. (2016). John Good, Architect of F.B.I.’s Abscam Sting Operation, Dies at 80. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/19/nyregion/john-good-dead.html.
George Mason University. (n.d.). Political Instability Task Force. George Mason University, School of Policy and Government. https://scip.gmu.edu/political-instability-task-force/.
Gerber, T.P., and Mendelson, S.E. (2008). Public Experiences of Police Violence and Corruption in Contemporary Russia: A Case of Predatory Policing? Law & Society Review, 42(1), 1–44. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5893.2008.00333.x.
Golden, M. (2022). Presentation to the Committee on the Evidence to Advance Reform in the Global Security and Justice Sectors, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, March 25, 2022. https://www.nationalacademies.org/event/03-25-2022/evidence-to-advance-reform-in-the-global-security-and-justice-sectors-workshop-5-public-session-2.
Goldstone, J.A., Bates, R.H., Epstein, D.L., Gurr, T.R., Lustik, M.B., Marshall, M.G., Ulfelder, J., and Woodward, M. (2009). A Global Model for Forecasting Political Instability. American Journal of Political Science, 54(1), 190–208.
Green, L. (1996). Policing places with drug problems. Sage.
Gupta, S., Davoodi, H., and Alonso-Terme, R. (2002). Does corruption affect income inequality and poverty? Economics of Governance, 3, 23–45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s101010100039.
Gurr, T.R. (1974). Persistence and change in political systems, 1800–1971. American Political Science Review, 68(4), 1482–1504.
Gutmann, J., and Voigt, S. (2020). Judicial independence in the EU: a puzzle. European Journal of Law and Economics, 49(1), 83–100. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10657-018-9577-8.
Gyimah-Brempong, K. (2002). Corruption, economic growth, and income inequality in Africa. Economics of Governance, 3, 183–209. https://doi.org/10.1007/s101010200045.
Haas, B. (2018). South Korean prosecutors seek arrest of former president Lee Myung-bak. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/mar/19/prosecutors-seek-arrest-of-former-south-korean-president-lee-myung-bak.
Hagan, J., and Palloni, A. (2006). Death in Darfur. Science 313(5793), 1578–1579. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1127397.
Hagan, J., Schoenfeld, H., and Palloni, A. (2006). The Science of Human Rights, War Crimes, and Humanitarian Emergencies. Annual Review of Sociology, 32, 329–349. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.32.061604.123125.
Hava, E. (2015). Grand corruption: Strategies for preventing international impunity. The Indonesian Journal of International & Comparative Law, 2(3), 481–521.
Hoshino, T., and Kamada, T. (2021). Third-Party Policing Approaches against Organized Crime: an Evaluation of the Yakuza Exclusion Ordinances. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 37, 791–811. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10940-020-09466-6.
Hudson, A., and Taylor, A. (2010). The International Commission against Impunity in Guatemala: A New Model for International Criminal Justice Mechanisms. Journal of International Criminal Justice, 8, 53–74. https://doi.org/10.1093/jicj/mqq003.
Ibrahim, M. (2020). 2020 Ibrahim Index of African Governance. Ibrahim Index of African Governance (IIAG). https://mo.ibrahim.foundation/iiag.
Independent Evaluation Group. (2010). The World Bank’s Country Policy and Institutional Assessment: An IEG Evaluation. World Bank Group, Open Knowledge Repository. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/13547.
International Commission against Impunity in Guatemala (CICIG). (n.d.a). About CICIG. International Commission against Impunity in Guatemala. https://www.cicig.org/history//index.php?page=about.
———. (n.d.b). For a Culture of Lawfulness. International Commission against Impunity in Guatemala. https://www.cicig.org/history//uploads/documents/broshure/broshure_en.pdf.
International Crisis Group. (2016). Crutch to Catalyst? The International Commission Against Impunity in Guatemala. International Crisis Group. https://www.crisisgroup.org/latin-america-caribbean/central-america/guatemala/crutch-catalyst-international-commission-against-impunity-guatemala.
Jones, M.A., and de Guzman, M.C. (2011). E-Policing: The Value of Police Websites for Citizen Empowered Participation. E-Government Website Development: Future Trends and Strategic Models. IGI Global.
Joshi, P., and Islam, S. (2018). E-Government Maturity Model for Sustainable E-Government Services from the Perspective of Developing Countries. Sustainability, 10(6), 1–28.
Joshua, S., Idowu, S.S., Olanreqaju, F.O., and Ajayi, L.A. (2021). Information Communication Technology and Security: The Need for e-Policing in Modern Security Architecture in Nigeria. Romanian Cyber Security Journal, 2(3), 3–14.
Kim, H.J. (2018). Former South Korean President Lee Sentenced to 15 Years in Prison for Corruption. TIME. https://web.archive.org/web/20181005115747/http://time.com/5416457/south-korea-lee-myung-bak-prison-corruption/.
King, G., and Zeng, L. (2001). Improving Forecasts of State Failure. World Politics, 53(4), 623–658.
Kleinig, J. (1996). The Ethics of Policing. Cambridge University Press.
Kowalczyk-Hoyer, B., Akhmadullina, L.D., Bergman, T., Suet Tuen Kwok, K., and Saki, J.M. (2014). Transparency on Corporate Reporting: Assessing the World’s Largest Companies. Transparency International. https://www.transparency.org/en/publications/transparency-in-corporate-reporting-assessing-worlds-largest-companies-2014.
Lakhani, N. (2015). Guatemalan president’s downfall marks success for corruption investigators. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/sep/09/guatemala-president-otto-perez-molina-cicig-corruption-investigation.
Lee, S.W. (2016). The politics of prosecution service reform in new presidential democracies: The South Korea and Russia cases in comparative perspective. Journal of Eurasian Studies, 7(2), 141–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euras.2015.09.001.
Linzer, D.A., and Staton, J.K. (2015). A Global Measure of Judicial Independence, 1948–2012. Journal of Law and Courts, 3(2), 223–256. https://doi.org/10.1086/682150.
Malawi Anti-Corruption Bureau. (2012). Strategic Plan for the Anti-Corruption Bureau (ACB): 2012–2017. Anti-Corruption Bureau. https://books.google.com/books?id=YDQEoQEACAAJ.
Marat, E. (2018). The Politics of Police Reform: Society Against the State in Post-Soviet Countries. Oxford University Press.
Marshall, M.G., Gurr, T.R., and Harff, B. (2019). Political Instability Task Force—Problem Set Codebook, version 2018. Center for Systemic Peace. http://www.systemicpeace.org/inscr/PITFProbSetCodebook2018.pdf.
Matlala, R.L. (2016). Defining e-policing and smart policing for law enforcement agencies in Gauteng Province. International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Invention, 3(12). https://valleyinternational.net/index.php/theijsshi/article/view/634.
Mazerolle, L., Eggins, E., and Higginson, A. (2016). Third party policing for reducing crime and disorder: A systematic review. Campbell Systematic Reviews, 12(1), 1–77. https://doi.org/10.1002/CL2.153.
Mazerolle, L., and Ransley, J. (2002). Third Party Policing: Prospects, Challenges and Implications for Regulators. Paper presented at the Current Issues in Regulation: Enforcement and Compliance Conference convened by the Australian Institute of Criminology in conjunction with the Regulatory Institutions Network, RSSS, Australian National University and the Division of Business and Enterprise, University of South Australia and held in Melbourne, 2–3 September 2002. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.503.4755&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
McDevitt, A. (2016). How-to guide for corruption assessment tools (2nd ed.). Anti-Corruption Resource Centre. https://www.u4.no/publications/how-to-guide-for-corruption-assessmenttools-2nd-edition.pdf.
Mcloughlin, C. (2014). Political economy analysis. GSDRC Applied Knowledge Services. https://gsdrc.org/topic-guides/political-economy-analysis/summary/.
Menocal, A.R., Cassidy, M., Swift, S., Jacobstein, D., Rothblum, C., and Tservil, I. (2018). Thinking and Working Politically Through Applied Political Economy Analysis: A Guide for Practitioners. USAID. https://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/1866/PEA2018.pdf.
Messick, R. (2015). Tackling Grand Corruption: Guatemala’s Successful Experiment. The Global Anticorruption Blog. https://globalanticorruptionblog.com/2015/06/24/tackling-grand-corruption-guatemalas-successful-experiment/.
Mollah, M.B., Islam, K.R., and Islam, S. (2012). E-Police System for Improved E-Government Services of Developing Countries. Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1109/CCECE.2012.6335057.
Morris, S.D., and Klesner J.L. (2010). Corruption and Trust: Theoretical Considerations and Evidence from Mexico. Comparative Political Studies, 43(10), 1258–1285. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414010369072.
Mota Prado, M., and De Assis Macado, M.R. (2022). Using Criminal Law to Fight Corruption: The Potential, Risks, and Limitations of Operation Car Wash (Lava Jato). American Journal of Comparative Law, 69(4), 834–879. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcl/avac008.
Mungiu-Pippidi, A. (2006). Corruption: Diagnosis and Treatment. Johns Hopkins University Press, 17(3), 86–99.
———. (2015). The Quest for Good Governance: How Societies Develop Control of Corruption. Cambridge University Press.
———. (2022). Transparency and Corruption: Measuring real transparency by a new index. Regulation and Governance. https://doi.org/10.1111/rego.1250.
Mungiu-Pippidi, A., and Dadasov, R. (2016). Measuring Control of Corruption by a New Index of Public Integrity. European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, 22(3), 415–438. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2828086.
Murphy, K., and Barkworth, J. (2014). Victim Willingness to Report Crime to Police: Does Procedural Justice or Outcome Matter Most? Victims & Offenders, 9, 178–204. https://doi.org/10.1080/15564886.2013.872744.
Nageri, K.I., Umar, G., and Abdul, F.A. (2013). Corruption and economic development: Evidence from Nigeria. Kuwait Chapter of the Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review, 3(2), 46.
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine [NASEM]. (2018). Proactive Policing: Effects on Crime and Communities. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/24928.
———. (2021). Policing to Promote the Rule of Law and Protect the Population: An Evidence-based Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/26217.
———. (2022a). Developing Policing Practices that Build Community Trust and Legitimacy. Washington DC: The National Academies Press.
———. (2022b). Policies and Practices to Minimize Police Use of Force Internationally. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/26582.
———. (2022c). Police Training to Promote the Rule of Law and Protect the Population. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/26467.
Neyroud, P. (2021). Policing “Landscapes” for the Rule of Law and Public Protection: A Review of the Available Evidence on Organizational Policies, Structures, and Human Resources. Paper prepared for the Committee on the Evidence to Advance Reform in the Global Security and Justice Sectors, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. https://www.nationalacademies.org/our-work/evidence-to-advance-reform-in-the-global-security-and-justice-sectors.
North, D.C., Wallis, J.J., and Weingast, B.R. (2009). Violence and Social Orders: A Conceptual Framework for Interpreting Recorded Human History. Cambridge University Press.
Odilla de Figueiredo, F. (2016). Inside the Car Wash: The Narrative of a Corruption Scandal in Brazil. Prepared for the 66th PSA Annual International Conference Brighton, 20–23.
O’Donnell, G. (2004). The quality of democracy: Why the rule of law matters. Journal of Democracy, 15(4), 32–46. https://www.journalofdemocracy.org/articles/the-quality-of-democracy-why-the-rule-of-law-matters/.
Ojo, J.S. (2019). e-Governance and Anti-Corruption War in Africa: The Nigeria Experience. e-Services. IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.87012.
Oluwole, S.T., and Akoko, A. (2019). A Study on the adoption of E-Policing in crime control within Lagos State, Nigeria. Obafemi Awolowo University, Research Thesis.
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2013). Models of Anti-corruption Institutions, in Specialised Anti-Corruption Institutions: Review of Models: Second Edition. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264187207-6-en.
O’Shea, L. (2022). Democratic police reform, security sector reform, anticorruption and spoilers: lessons from Georgia. Conflict, Security & Development, 22(4), 387–409. https://doi.org/10.1080/14678802.2022.2121916678802.2022.2121916.
Pavão, N. (2018). Corruption as the only option: The Limits of Electoral Accountability. The Journal of Politics, 80(3), 996–1010.
Peiffer, C., Armytage, R., Marquette, H., and Gumisiriza, P. (2020). Lessons from reducing bribery in Uganda’s health services. Development Policy Review, 39(5), 721–739.
Persio, S.L. (2018). South Korean Presidents All Seem to Suffer Turbulent Downfalls—Park Geun-hye is No Exception. Newsweek. https://www.newsweek.com/south-koreanpresidents-all-seem-end-dead-or-court-874613.
Pontes, J., and Anselmo, M. (2022). Operation Car Wash: Brazil’s Institutionalized Crime, and the Inside Story of the Biggest Corruption Scandal in History. Bloomsbury Academic.
Rahman, K. (2022). Select anti-corruption success stories. U4 Anti-Corruption Resource Centre. https://www.u4.no/publications/select-anti-corruption-success-stories.pdf.
Rajah, V.K. (2012). Panel discussion: Measuring the rule of law. Singapore Journal of Legal Studies, 331–356. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24872215.
Rothstein, B., and Teorrell, J. (2008). What Is Quality of Government? A Theory of Impartial Government Institutions. Governance, 21(2), 165–190. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0491.2008.00391.x.
S. Rep. No. 110-84 (2007) https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CRECB-2007-pt15/pdf/CRECB-2007-pt15-Pg20353-3.pdf.
Scheiber, O. (2018). South Korea’s Troubling History of Jailing Ex-presidents. AEIdeas. https://www.aei.org/foreign-and-defense-policy/asia/south-koreas-troubling-history-of-jailing-ex-presidents/.
Schneider, M.L. (2019). Democracy in Peril: Facts on CICIG in Guatemala. Center for Strategic & International Studies. https://www.csis.org/analysis/democracy-peril-facts-cicig-guatemala.
Schott, J.L. (1975). No Left Turns: The FBI in Peace & War. Praeger. ISBN 978-0-275-33630-1.
Schütte, S.A. (2020). Networks of anti-corruption authorities: Living up to their aspirations? U4 Anti-Corruption Resource Centre. https://www.u4.no/publications/networks-of-anti-corruption-authorities.pdf.
Segal, D. (2015). Petrobras Oil Scandal Leaves Brazilians Lamenting a Lost Dream. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/09/business/international/effects-of-petrobras-scandal-leave-brazilians-lamenting-a-lost-dream.html.
Seim, B. (2022). A Typology of Police Role in Anti-corruption Efforts. Presentation to the Committee on the Evidence to Advance Reform in the Global Security and Justice Sectors, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, March 25, 2022. https://www.nationalacademies.org/event/03-25-2022/evidence-to-advance-reform-in-the-global-security-and-justice-sectors-workshop-5-public-session-2.
Seligson, M. (2003). The Impact of Corruption on Regime Legitimacy: A Comparative Study of Four Latin American Countries. Journal of Politics, 64(2), 408–433. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2508.00132.
Shin, M. (2020). South Korea’s Prosecutor General Wins Another Court Battle Against the Government; The court ruled that Yoon Suk-yeol can resume his seat, even though the president authorized suspending him for two months. The Diplomat. https://thediplomat.com/2020/12/south-koreas-prosecutor-general-wins-another-court-battle-against-the-government/.
Simon, K. (2021). Digital 2021: Nigeria. DATAREPORTAL. https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2021-nigeria.
Sustainable Governance Indicators. (2021). Sustainable Governance in the Context of the COVID-19 Crisis. The Bertelsmann Stiftung. https://www.sgi-network.org/2015/.
Sharafutdinova, G. (2010). What Explains Corruption Perceptions? The Dark Side of Political Competition in Russia’s Regions. Comparative Politics, 42(2), 147–166.
Sherman, L.W. (1978). Scandal and Reform: Controlling Police Corruption. University of California Press.
Tamanaha, B.Z. (2004). On the Rule of Law: History, Politics, Theory. Cambridge University Press.
Tankebe, J. (2013). Viewing things differently: The dimensions of public perceptions of police legitimacy. Criminology, 51(1), 103–135. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.2012.00291.x.
———. (2019). Cooperation with the police against corruption: Exploring the roles of legitimacy, deterrence and collective action theories. British Journal of Criminology, 59(6), 1390–1410. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azz030.
Taylor, M. (2017). Lessons From Guatemala’s Commission Against Impunity. Council on Foreign Relations. https://www.cfr.org/report/lessons-guatemalas-commission-against-impunity.
Thoyyib, M. (2019). E-Policing Systems: The Perspectives of Police Officers and Citizens in a Developed and Developing Nation. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 9(2), 31–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.29322/IJSRP.9.02.2019.p8607.
Transparency International. (2015). Government Defence Anti-Corruption Index. Transparency International Defence and Security. https://government.defenceindex.org/#close.
———. (2020). Grand corruption - Our priorities. Transparency.Org. https://www.transparency.org/en/our-priorities/grand-corruption.
———. (2021). Global Corruption Barometer. Transparency.Org. Available: https://www.transparency.org/en/gcb.
Ulfelder, J. (2012). Forecasting Political Instability: Results from a ‘Tournament’ of Methods. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2156234.
United Nations. (2006). Agreement between the United Nations and the State of Guatemala on the establishment of an International Commission Against Impunity in Guatemala (“CICIG”). http://www.cicig.org/uploads/documents/mandato/cicig_acuerdo_en.pdf.
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. (2003). United Nations Convention against Corruption. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/treaties/CAC/.
———. (2011). Handbook on police accountability, oversight and integrity. United Nations.
United Nations Security Council Res. 1757 (2007). UN Doc S/RES/1757. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/600560?ln=en.
United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor Reg. 2000/16 (2000). UN Doc UNTAET/REG/2000/16.
Versteeg, M., and Ginsburg, T. (2017). Measuring the rule of law: A comparison of indicators. Law & Social Inquiry, 42(1), 100–137. https://doi.org/10.1111/lsi.12175.
Walters, G.D., and Bolger, P.C. (2018). Procedural justice perceptions, legitimacy beliefs, and compliance with the law: A meta-analysis. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 15(3), 341–372. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-018-9338-2.
Washington Office on Latin America. (2015). The CICIG: An Innovative Instrument For Fighting Criminal Organizations And Strengthening The Rule Of Law. Washington Office on Latin America. https://www.wola.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/WOLA_CICIG_ENG_FNL_extra-page.pdf.
———. (2019). Fact Sheet: the CICIG’s Legacy in Fighting Corruption in Guatemala. Washington Office on Latin America. https://www.wola.org/analysis/cicigs-legacy-fighting-corruption-guatemala/.
Weber, M. (1978). Economy and Society: An Outline of Interpretive Sociology (Vol. 1). University of California Press.
The White House. (2021). United States Strategy on Countering Corruption Pursuant to the National Security Study Memorandum on Establishing the Fight Against Corruption as a Core United States National Security Interest. The White House. https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/United-States-Strategy-on-Countering-Corruption.pdf.
Wilson, J.Q. (1980). The changing FBI-the road to ABSCAM. The Public Interest, 59(3), 3–14. https://www.nationalaffairs.com/storage/app/uploads/public/58e/1a4/cc0/58e1a4cc086fc999063969.pdf.
The World Bank. (n.d.). Worldwide Governance Indicators. The World Bank. http://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/.
———. (2015a). Understanding Poverty Digital Development: e-Gov Research and Resources. World Bank Group. https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/digitaldevelopment/brief/e-gov-resources.
———. (2015b). e-Government. World Bank Group. https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/digitaldevelopment/brief/e-government.
The World Justice Project (2015). WJP Open Government Index. The World Justice Project. https://worldjusticeproject.org/our-work/wjp-rule-law-index/wjp-open-government-index-2015.
