Framework for Assessing Potential Safety Impacts of Automated Driving Systems (2022)

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C-1   A P P E N D I X C Reference Crash Data for Traffic Jam Assist Severity Level Number of Crashes Blank 28 Property damage only 94,526 Possible injury 38,608 Suspected minor injury 9,796 Fatal and suspected serious injury 892 Total 143,850 Table C-1. Total crashes on all roads by severity level (2012–2017). Table C-2. Total crashes on all roads by crash type (2012–2017). (continued on next page) 7. Downhill runaway 9 8. Cargo/equipment loss or shift 13 9. Fire/explosion 9 10. Immersion 5 Crash Type Number of Crashes Unknown 114 Non-collision 1. Ran off road right 7,614 2. Ran off road left 3,890 3. Ran off road straight ahead 573 4. Jackknife 96 5. Overturn/rollover 385 6. Crossed centerline/median 309

C-2 Framework for Assessing Potential Safety Impacts of Automated Driving Systems Table C-2. (Continued). 33. Tree 77 34. Utility pole (with or without light) 104 35. Luminaire pole non-breakaway 6 36. Luminaire pole breakaway 9 37. Official highway sign non-breakaway 7 38. Official highway sign breakaway 10 39. Overhead sign support 0 40. Commercial sign 0 41. Guardrail end on shoulder 3 42. Guardrail face on shoulder 19 43. Guardrail end on median 1 44. Guardrail face on median 5 11. Equipment failure (tires, brakes, etc.) 60 12. Separation of units 22 13. Other non-collision 443 Collision of motor vehicle with 14. Pedestrian 1,936 15. Pedal cyclist 625 16. Railroad train, engine 20 17. Animal 1,507 18. Movable object 503 19. Fixed object 1,428 Collision of two or more motor vehicles 20. Parked motor vehicle 4,455 21. Rear-end, slow or stop 50,171 22. Rear-end, turn 1,402 23. Left turn, same roadways 12,695 24. Left turn, different roadways 11,239 25. Right turn, same roadways 1,770 26. Right turn, different roadways 4,178 27. Head-on 1,372 28. Sideswipe, same direction 17,295 29. Sideswipe, opposite direction 1,822 30. Angle 11,270 Crash Type Number of Crashes 31. Backing up 3,843 32. Other collision with vehicle 2,257

Reference Crash Data for Traffic Jam Assist C-3   Table C-2. (Continued). 45. Shoulder barrier end (non-guardrail) 2 46. Shoulder barrier face (non-guardrail) 4 47. Median barrier end (non-guardrail) 11 48. Median barrier face (non-guardrail) 23 49. Bridge rail end 0 50. Bridge rail face 5 51. Overhead part underpass 2 52. Pier on shoulder of underpass 0 53. Pier in median of underpass 0 54. Abutment of underpass 0 55. Traffic island curb or median 30 56. Catch basin or culvert on shoulder 0 57. Catch basin or culvert on median 1 58. Ditch 4 59. Embankment 4 60. Mailbox 44 61. Fence or fence post 22 62. Construction barrier 2 63. Crash cushion 2 64. Other fixed object 112 99. Blank 11 Total 143,850 Crash Type Number of Crashes

C-4 Framework for Assessing Potential Safety Impacts of Automated Driving Systems Weather Condition Number of Crashes Blowing sand, dirt, snow 5 Clear 104,002 Cloudy 23,974 Fog, smog, smoke 306 Other 190 Rain 14,324 Severe crosswinds 15 Sleet, hail, freezing rain/drizzle 453 Snow 581 Total 143,850 Table C-3. Total crashes on all roads by weather condition (2012–2017). Speed Limit (mph) Number of Crashes 25 13,821 30 4,965 35 67,954 40 5,200 45 44,068 50 445 55 6,589 60 205 65 603 Total 143,850 Table C-4. Total crashes on all roads by speed limit (2012–2017).

Reference Crash Data for Traffic Jam Assist C-5   Weather Condition Speed Limit (mph) Total 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 Blowing sand, dirt, snow 0 0 1 1 3 0 0 0 0 5 Clear 10,314 3,610 49,353 3,687 31,653 317 4,540 142 386 104,002 Cloudy 2,168 856 11,298 971 7,352 69 1,126 31 103 23,974 Fog, smog, smoke 20 7 156 7 98 1 14 0 3 306 Other 42 8 107 3 25 0 4 1 0 190 Rain 1,194 449 6,542 502 4,627 43 847 29 91 14,324 Severe crosswinds 0 1 10 0 3 0 1 0 0 15 Sleet, hail, freezing rain/drizzle 30 10 206 12 137 7 39 1 11 453 Snow 53 24 281 17 170 8 18 1 9 581 Grand total 13,821 4,965 67,954 5,200 44,068 445 6,589 205 603 143,850 Table C-5. Total crashes by speed limit and weather condition (2012–2017).

Abbreviations and acronyms used without denitions in TRB publications: A4A Airlines for America AAAE American Association of Airport Executives AASHO American Association of State Highway Officials AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials ACI–NA Airports Council International–North America ACRP Airport Cooperative Research Program ADA Americans with Disabilities Act APTA American Public Transportation Association ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials ATA American Trucking Associations CTAA Community Transportation Association of America CTBSSP Commercial Truck and Bus Safety Synthesis Program DHS Department of Homeland Security DOE Department of Energy EPA Environmental Protection Agency FAA Federal Aviation Administration FAST Fixing America’s Surface Transportation Act (2015) FHWA Federal Highway Administration FMCSA Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration FRA Federal Railroad Administration FTA Federal Transit Administration GHSA Governors Highway Safety Association HMCRP Hazardous Materials Cooperative Research Program IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ISTEA Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 ITE Institute of Transportation Engineers MAP-21 Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (2012) NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASAO National Association of State Aviation Officials NCFRP National Cooperative Freight Research Program NCHRP National Cooperative Highway Research Program NHTSA National Highway Traffic Safety Administration NTSB National Transportation Safety Board PHMSA Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration RITA Research and Innovative Technology Administration SAE Society of Automotive Engineers SAFETEA-LU Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (2005) TCRP Transit Cooperative Research Program TEA-21 Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (1998) TRB Transportation Research Board TSA Transportation Security Administration U.S. DOT United States Department of Transportation

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