Future Planning for the
Public Health Emergency
Preparedness Enterprise:
Lessons Learned from the
COVID-19 Pandemic
______
Megan Snair, Shalini Singaravelu,
and Scott Wollek, Rapporteurs
Forum on Medical and
Public Health Preparedness for
Disasters and Emergencies
Board on Health Sciences Policy
Health and Medicine Division
Proceedings of a Workshop
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS500 Fifth Street, NWWashington, DC 20001
This activity was supported by contracts between the National Academy of Sciences and the Administration for Children and Families; American Burn Association; American College of Emergency Physicians; American College of Surgeons—Committee on Trauma; American Hospital Association; American Red Cross; Association of Public Health Laboratories; Association of State and Territorial Health Officials; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists; Department of Defense; Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health under Contract no. HHSN263201800029I through the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, and National Institute of Neurological and Disorders and Stroke; Department of Homeland Security; East West Protection LLC; Emergency Nurses Association; Food and Drug Administration; Healthcare Ready; Infectious Diseases Society of America; The MITRE Corporation; National Association of Chain Drug Stores; National Association of County and City Health Officials; National Association of Emergency Medical Technicians; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response; Trauma Center Association of America; and Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of any organization or agency that provided support for the project.
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-69682-1
International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-69682-8
Digital Object Identifier: https://doi.org/10.17226/26805
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Suggested citation: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Future planning for the public health emergency preparedness enterprise: Lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic: Proceedings of a workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/26805.
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PLANNING COMMITTEE ON FUTURE PLANNING FOR THE PUBLIC HEALTH EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS ENTERPRISE: LESSONS LEARNED FROM THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC1
SUZET MCKINNEY (Co-chair), Principal and Director of Life Sciences, Sterling Bay
RICHARD SERINO (Co-chair), Distinguished Visiting Fellow, National Preparedness Leadership Initiative, Harvard School of Public Health
JOHN ARMSTRONG, Division Director, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida
JEANNE BENINCASA, Massachusetts Undersecretary for Homeland Security and Homeland Security Advisor to the Governor, Executive Office of Public Safety and Security
JONEIGH KHALDUN, Vice President and Chief Health Equity Officer, CVS Health
STEVEN MITCHELL, Associate Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine; Medical Director, Harborview Medical Center Emergency Department, University of Washington, Harborview Medical Center
ANDREW PAVIA, Chief, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Utah School of Medicine
WINFRED RAWLS, Director, ASTHO Evolution of the Public Health Preparedness Project
LT. COL. CARLO ROSSI, Canadian Armed Forces Health Attaché, Health Readiness Policy and Oversight, Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Health Affairs)
DAVID ZONIES, Professor of Surgery and Associate Chief Medical Officer for Critical Care, Professor of Surgery, Division of Trauma, Critical Care and Acute Care Surgery, School of Medicine, Oregon Health Sciences University
Health and Medicine Division Staff
SCOTT WOLLEK, Senior Program Officer
LISA BROWN, Senior Program Officer
AURELIA ATTAL-JUNCQUA, Program Officer (until June 2022)
SHALINI SINGARAVELU, Program Officer (from May 2022)
MICHAEL BERRIOS, Research Associate
KIMBERLY SUTTON, Senior Program Assistant
___________________
1 The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine’s planning committees are solely responsible for organizing the workshop, identifying topics, and choosing speakers. The responsibility for the published Proceedings of a Workshop rests with the workshop rapporteurs and the institution.
ANDREW POPE, Senior Board Director (until July 2022)
CLARE STROUD, Senior Board Director (from July 2022)
Consultants
LAURA RUNNELS, LAR Consulting, LLC
MEGAN SNAIR, SGNL Solutions, LLC
Reviewers
This Proceedings of a Workshop was reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine in making each published proceedings as sound as possible and to ensure that it meets the institutional standards for quality, objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the process.
We thank the following individuals for their review of this proceedings:
NICOLE LURIE, Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Initiatives
MONIQUE MANSOURA, The MITRE Corporation
ANDREA TENNER, San Francisco Department of Health
Although the reviewers listed above provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the content of the proceedings nor did they see the final draft before its release. The review of this proceedings was overseen by CARLOS DEL RIO, Emory University School of Medicine. He was responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this proceedings was carried out in accordance with standards of the National Academies and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content rests entirely with the rapporteurs and the National Academies.
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Contents
2 PUBLIC HEALTH EMERGENCY PLANNING: LESSONS FROM THE PAST AND PRESENT FOR THE FUTURE
Experiences Before and During COVID-19
Assessing Public Health Emergency Preparedness Capabilities, Authorities, and Funding
3 COORDINATING SURVEILLANCE AND MEDICAL COUNTERMEASURE RESPONSE
Global and Domestic Surveillance
Medical Countermeasures and Medical Supply Chain Considerations
4 EQUITY, RISK COMMUNICATION, AND PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT
Equity and Engagement with Historically Marginalized Populations
Acronyms and Abbreviations
AIMS | APHL Information Messaging System |
APHL | Association of Public Health Laboratories |
ASPR | Administration for Strategic Preparedness and Response (formerly Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response) |
ASTHO | Association of State and Territorial Health Officials |
BARDA | Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority |
CDC | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |
COVID-19 | coronavirus disease 2019 |
CLIA | Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments |
CMS | Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services |
DoD | U.S. Department of Defense |
ECMO | extracorporeal membrane oxygenation |
EHR | electronic health record |
EMS | emergency medical services |
FDA | Food and Drug Administration |
FEMA | Federal Emergency Management Agency |
GHS | Global Health Security Index |
HHS | U.S. Department of Health and Human Services |
HIPAA | Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act |
HIV | human immunodeficiency virus |
HPP | Hospital Preparedness Program |
LEED | Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design |
MCM | medical countermeasure |
MERS | Middle East respiratory syndrome |
MOCC | medical operations coordination cell |
mRNA | messenger ribonucleic acid |
NACCHO | National Association of County and City Health Officials |
NASEM | National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine |
NHSPI | National Health Security Preparedness Index |
NIH | National Institutes of Health |
OCR | Office of Civil Rights (HHS) |
PANCAP | pandemic crisis action plan |
PCR | polymerase chain reaction |
PEPFAR | President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief program |
PHCC | Public Health Communications Collaborative |
PHE | public health emergency |
PHEP | Public Health Emergency Preparedness Cooperative Agreement |
PHEMCE | Public Health Emergency Medical Countermeasures Enterprise |
PPE | personal protective equipment |
PPP | public–private partnership |
PSAP | public safety answering point |
REACT | REal-time Assessment of Community Transmission survey |
RSV | respiratory syncytial virus |
SARS | severe acute respiratory syndrome |
SARS-CoV-2 | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 |
STRAC | Southwest Texas Regional Advisory Council |
TFAH | Trust for America’s Health |
TRACIE | Technical Resources, Assistance Center, and Information Exchange (ASPR) |
WHO | World Health Organization |
WMCC | Washington Medical Coordination Center |