Quantifying the Effects of Implements of Husbandry on Pavements: Appendices (2022)

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NCHRP Web-Only Document 338: Quantifying the Effects of Implements of Husbandry on Pavements Appendices L. Khazanovich S. Sen University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, PA Appendices for NCHRP Project 01-58 Submitted May 2022 © 2022 by the National Academy of Sciences. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and the graphical logo are trademarks of the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. NATIONAL COOPERATIVE HIGHWAY RESEARCH PROGRAM Systematic, well-designed, and implementable research is the most effective way to solve many problems facing state departments of transportation (DOTs) administrators and engineers. Often, highway problems are of local or regional interest and can best be studied by state DOTs individually or in cooperation with their state universities and others. However, the accelerating growth of highway transportation results in increasingly complex problems of wide interest to highway authorities. These problems are best studied through a coordinated program of cooperative research. Recognizing this need, the leadership of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) in 1962 initiated an objective national highway research program using modern scientific techniques—the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP). NCHRP is supported on a continuing basis by funds from participating member states of AASHTO and receives the full cooperation and support of the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), United States Department of Transportation, under Agreement No. 693JJ31950003. COPYRIGHT INFORMATION Authors herein are responsible for the authenticity of their materials and for obtaining written permissions from publishers or persons who own the copyright to any previously published or copyrighted material used herein. Cooperative Research Programs (CRP) grants permission to reproduce material in this publication for classroom and not-for-profit purposes. Permission is given with the understanding that none of the material will be used to imply TRB, AASHTO, APTA, FAA, FHWA, FTA, GHSA, or NHTSA endorsement of a particular product, method, or practice. It is expected that those reproducing the material in this document for educational and not-for-profit uses will give appropriate acknowledgment of the source of any reprinted or reproduced material. For other uses of the material, request permission from CRP. DISCLAIMER The opinions and conclusions expressed or implied in this report are those of the researchers who performed the research. They are not necessarily those of the Transportation Research Board; the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; the FHWA; or the program sponsors. The Transportation Research Board does not develop, issue, or publish standards or specifications. The Transportation Research Board manages applied research projects which provide the scientific foundation that may be used by Transportation Research Board sponsors, industry associations, or other organizations as the basis for revised practices, procedures, or specifications. The Transportation Research Board, the National Academies, and the sponsors of the National Cooperative Highway Research Program do not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade or manufacturers’ names appear herein solely because they are considered essential to the object of the report. The information contained in this document was taken directly from the submission of the author(s). This material has not been edited by TRB.

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C O O P E R A T I V E R E S E A R C H P R O G R A M S CRP STAFF FOR NCHRP WEB-ONLY DOCUMENT 338 Christopher J. Hedges, Director, Cooperative Research Programs Waseem Dekelbab, Deputy Director, Cooperative Research Programs, and Manager, National Cooperative Highway Research Program Sid Mohan, Associate Program Manager, Implementation and Technology Transfer, National Cooperative Highway Research Program Amir N. Hanna, Senior Program Officer Emily Griswold, Program Coordinator Natalie Barnes, Director of Publications Heather DiAngelis, Associate Director of Publications Jennifer J. Weeks, Publishing Projects Manager NCHRP PROJECT 01-58 PANEL Field of Design—Area of Pavements Karim Chatti, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI (Chair) Edgardo D. Block, Connecticut Department of Transportation, Newington, CT Xingwei Chen, Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development, Baton Rouge, LA Laura L. Fenley, Wisconsin Department of Transportation (formerly), Madison, WI Brian J. Hogan, Illinois Department of Transportation, Paris, IL Mohammad Karim, Alberta Transportation and Utilities, Edmonton, AB Nadarajah Sivaneswaran, FHWA Liaison Stephen F. Maher, TRB Liaison

Contents APPENDIX A: SUMMARY OF STATE DOT RESPONSES ........................................................................................... 1 APPENDIX B: DEVELOPMENT OF LAYERED VISCOELASTIC ANALYSIS PROGRAM PITTLAYER-VE ............................ 8 B.1. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................................... 8 B.2. LAYERED ELASTIC THEORY ......................................................................................................................................... 8 B.3. LAYERED VISCOELASTIC THEORY ............................................................................................................................... 13 B.3.1. Recursive functions .............................................................................................................................. 14 B.3.2. Transformation of the LVET problem to a set of auxiliary LET problems ............................................. 19 B.3.3. Solution of the LVET problem ............................................................................................................... 21 B.4. LAYERED VISCOELASTIC THEORY ANALYSIS PROGRAM PITTLAYER-VE ............................................................................ 22 B.5. MOVING LOAD ANALYSIS ....................................................................................................................................... 27 B.6. CONCLUSIONS ...................................................................................................................................................... 43 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................................................... 44 APPENDIX C: EVALUATION OF THE SUBGRADE STRENGTH ESTIMATION METHODOLOGY USING LTPP DATABASE ......................................................................................................................................................................... 46 C.1 LTPP SMP SECTIONS ............................................................................................................................................. 46 C.2 FWD DATA SELECTION ........................................................................................................................................... 46 C.3 FWD DATA PROCESSING ......................................................................................................................................... 47 C.4 SUBGRADE SHEAR PARAMETERS ................................................................................................................................ 50 CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................................................................................. 56 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................................................... 57 APPENDIX D: DEVELOPMENT OF PRONY SERIES FOR VARIOUS MIXES ................................................................ 58 D.1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................................... 58 D.2 DATA COLLECTION ................................................................................................................................................. 58 D.3 PRONY SERIES ....................................................................................................................................................... 61 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................................................... 64 APPENDIX E: IOH CHARACTERTSICS ................................................................................................................... 65 VEHICLE 1: 4,400-GAL TANKER TRUCK ........................................................................................................................... 65 VEHICLE 2: 4,400-GAL TANKER TRUCK ........................................................................................................................... 66 VEHICLE 3: CASE IH 9330, 1,000-BUSHELS GRAIN CART ................................................................................................... 67 VEHICLE 4: AGCO TERRAGATOR 8144 ........................................................................................................................ 68 VEHICLE 5: AGCO TERRAGATOR 3104 ........................................................................................................................ 69 VEHICLE 6: JOHN DEERE 8230, 6,000 GAL ................................................................................................................... 70 VEHICLE 7: CASE IH 335, 7,300-GAL TANK................................................................................................................... 71 VEHICLE 8: CASE IH 335, 9,500 GAL ........................................................................................................................... 72 VEHICLE 9: MNROAD NAVISTAR 80-KIP SEMI-TRUCK .................................................................................................... 73 VEHICLE 10: MNROAD MACK 102-KIP TRUCK ............................................................................................................. 74 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................................................... 74 APPENDIX F: LABORATORY STUDY OF SEASONAL VARIATION IN SHEAR STRENGTH ........................................... 75 F.1 GRADATIONS ......................................................................................................................................................... 75 F.2 FREEZE/THAW RATES .............................................................................................................................................. 75 F.3 SHEAR STRENGTH TESTING ....................................................................................................................................... 78 NCHRP Web-Only Document 338 contains the appendices for NCHRP Project 01-58 and accompanies NCHRP Research Report 1019: Quantifying the Effects of Implements of Husbandry on Pavements. Readers can read or purchase NCHRP Research Report 1019 on the National Academies Press website (www.nap.edu).