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Suggested Citation:"REFERENCES." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Mobility on Demand and Automated Driving Systems: A Framework for Public-Sector Assessment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26820.
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Suggested Citation:"REFERENCES." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Mobility on Demand and Automated Driving Systems: A Framework for Public-Sector Assessment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26820.
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Suggested Citation:"REFERENCES." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Mobility on Demand and Automated Driving Systems: A Framework for Public-Sector Assessment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26820.
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Suggested Citation:"REFERENCES." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Mobility on Demand and Automated Driving Systems: A Framework for Public-Sector Assessment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26820.
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Suggested Citation:"REFERENCES." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Mobility on Demand and Automated Driving Systems: A Framework for Public-Sector Assessment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26820.
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Suggested Citation:"REFERENCES." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Mobility on Demand and Automated Driving Systems: A Framework for Public-Sector Assessment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26820.
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Suggested Citation:"REFERENCES." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Mobility on Demand and Automated Driving Systems: A Framework for Public-Sector Assessment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26820.
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Suggested Citation:"REFERENCES." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Mobility on Demand and Automated Driving Systems: A Framework for Public-Sector Assessment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26820.
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Suggested Citation:"REFERENCES." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Mobility on Demand and Automated Driving Systems: A Framework for Public-Sector Assessment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26820.
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98 REFERENCES Agency, S. F. (2019). Better Market Street . Retrieved from SFMTA: https://www.sfmta.com/projects/better- market-street-project Anderson, B. (2019, October 6). Self-Driving Startup Zoox Expands to Las Vegas. Retrieved from Carscoops: https://www.carscoops.com/2019/10/self-driving-startup-zoox-expands-to-las-vegas/ Anderson, B. (2019, August 30). Waymo Pleads With NHTSA To Remove Requirements For Steering Wheels. Retrieved from Carscoops: https://www.carscoops.com/2019/08/waymo-pleads-with-nhtsa-to- remove-requirements-for-steering-wheels/ Arlington, C. o. (2020). Via Rideshare. Retrieved from City of Arlington : https://www.arlingtontx.gov/city_hall/departments/office_of_strategic_initiatives/transportation_plann ing/via_rideshare Audi Aicon concept car – autonomous on course for the future. (2018, August). Retrieved from Audi: Source: http://www.audi.com/en/models/showcars/aicon.html AutoX Team. (2019, July 1). AutoX gives the first Robotaxi ride in California! Retrieved from https://medium.com/autox/autox-delivers-the-first-robotaxi-passenger-in-california-c6c61d9b8296: https://medium.com/autox/autox-delivers-the-first-robotaxi-passenger-in-california-c6c61d9b8296 Bailey, C. (2018). Micromobility Data Policies: A Survey of City Needs. Bansal, P., Kockelman, K. M., & Singh, A. (2016). Assessing public opinions of and interest in new vehicle technologies: An Austin perspective. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 1-14. Barr, A. (2018, February 16). Waymo Gets the O.K. for a Commercial Driverless Ride-Hailing Service. Retrieved from Bloomberg: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-02-16/waymo-gets-o-k- for-commercial-driverless-ride-hailing-service Barth, B. (2019, June). Curb Control. Retrieved from APA: https://www.planning.org/planning/2019/jun/curbcontrol/ Beede, D. N., Powers, R., & Ingram, C. (2017). The Employment Impact of Autonomous Vehicles. Washington D.C.: The Department of Commerce. Bergen, M. (2017, October 26). Alphabet’s Waymo Will Test Self-Driving Cars in Snowy Detroit. Retrieved from Bloomberg: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-10-26/alphabet-s-waymo-will-test- self-driving-cars-in-wintry-detroit Beyer, S. (2017, October 31). Will Private Bike Share Beome a College Campus Fixture? Retrieved from Forbes: https://www.forbes.com/sites/scottbeyer/2017/10/31/will-private-bike-share-become-a- college-campus-fixture/#6ca15185b9e2 Bigelow, P. (2019, December 4). Toyota leads $50 million funding round for May Mobility. Retrieved from Automotive News: https://www.autonews.com/mobility-report/toyota-leads-50-million-funding- round-may-mobility Bliss, L. (2018, July 11). Uber Just Laid Off Its Pittsburgh Autonomous Car Drivers. Retrieved from CityLab: https://www.citylab.com/transportation/2018/07/uber-just-fired-its-pittsburgh-av-drivers/564947/ Bloom, J. (2018, August 28). California’s first driverless bus hits the road in San Ramon. Retrieved from Bishop Ranch: https://www.bishopranch.com/media-coverage/californias-first-driverless-bus-hits-the- road-in-san-ramon/ BlueLA. (2020). Retrieved from BlueLA: https://www.bluela.com/ Bonazzo, J. (2018, February 12). Senate Hits the Brakes on Self-Driving Car Legislation Over Safety Concerns. Retrieved from Observer: http://observer.com/2018/02/senate-self-driving-car-legislation- safety-concerns/ Bortzfield, B. (2019, January 23). JTA Hires Automation Chief From Amazon; Tests Third Driverless Vehicle. Retrieved from WJCT: https://news.wjct.org/post/jta-hires-automation-chief-amazon-tests-third- driverless-vehicle

99 REPORT Bosselman, A. (2019, January 31). https://denver.streetsblog.org/2019/01/31/use-uber-for-denver-transit- company-is-our-overlord-and-savior-as-it-crushes-the-epic-failure-that-is-rtds-mobile-app/. Retrieved from Streets Blog Denver: https://denver.streetsblog.org/2019/01/31/use-uber-for-denver- transit-company-is-our-overlord-and-savior-as-it-crushes-the-epic-failure-that-is-rtds-mobile-app/ Brady, A. (2019, 2 20). In Hilly Seattle, It's Electric Bikes or Bust. Brown, K. E., & Dodder, R. (2019, December). Energy and emissions implications of automated vehicles in the U.S. energy system. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 77, 132-147. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2019.09.003 CaliforniaDMV. (2018). Testing of Autonomous Vehicles with a Driver. Retrieved from State of California Department of Motor Vehicles. Cameron, O. (2017, October 4). Voyage’s First Self-Driving Car Deployment. Retrieved from Voyage: https://news.voyage.auto/voyages-first-self-driving-car-deployment-29c7688c6a1 Caplan, A. (2018, May 3). Self-driving shuttle hits the streets. Retrieved from The Gainesville Sun: https://www.gainesville.com/news/20180503/self-driving-shuttle-hits-streets Center for Sustainable Systems, U. o. (2017). Autonomous Vehicles Factsheet. Pub. No. CSS16-18. Chen, T. D., & Kockelman, K. M. (2016). Management of a Shared Autonomous Electric Vehicle Fleet. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 37-46. City of Austin. (2019, August 2). Austin-Bergstrom Begins Autonomous Vehicle Testing. Retrieved from http://www.austintexas.gov/news/austin-bergstrom-begins-autonomous-vehicle-testing City of Boston. (2018, June 20). City of Boston's Autonomous Vehicle Testing Program to Expand. Retrieved from City of Boston: https://www.boston.gov/news/city-bostons-autonomous-vehicle-testing- program-expand City of New York. (2019). Green Wave: A Plan for Cycling in New York City. New York City. Clewlow, R. (2019, August 28). A Practical Guide To Mobility Data Sharing. Retrieved from Forbes: https://www.forbes.com/sites/reginaclewlow/2019/08/28/a-practical-guide-to-mobility-data- sharing/#25d352bc199c Cohen, A. &. (2018). Planning for Shared Mobility . American Planning Association . Cohen, A., & Shaheen, S. (2016). Planning for Shared Mobility. Chicago: American Planning Association. Commonwealth of Massachuestts. (2018). How to test autonomous vehicles in Massachusetts. Retrieved from Mass.gov: https://www.mass.gov/how-to/how-to-test-autonomous-vehicles-in-massachusetts Corder, D. R. (2018, January 10). http://www.thevillagesdailysun.com/news/villages/driverless-taxi-service- coming-to-the-villages/article_9c59d096-f5c3-11e7-ad8c-d3c196b2ee33.html. Retrieved from The Villages Daily Sun: http://www.thevillagesdailysun.com/news/villages/driverless-taxi-service- coming-to-the-villages/article_9c59d096-f5c3-11e7-ad8c-d3c196b2ee33.html Corporation, G. O. (2020). Winnegao Catch-a-Ride. Retrieved from Greater Oshkosh Economic Development Corporation . Crute, J., Riggs, W., Chapin, T. S., & Stevens, L. (2018). Planning for Autonomous Mobility. Chicago: American Planning Association. Retrieved from https://planning.org/publications/report/9157605/ Daniel, D. (2018, February 1). In Southwest Florida, taking a shine to the nation’s first solar-powered town. Retrieved from The Washington Post: https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/travel/in-southwest- florida-taking-a-shine-to-the-nations-first-solar-powered-town/2018/02/01/cc7b710a-fd69-11e7-ad8c- ecbb62019393_story.html?noredirect=on&utm_term=.fbfa1013f6aa Davidson, P., & Spinoulas, A. (2016). Driving alone versus riding together - How shared autonomous vehicles can change the way we drive. Road & Transport Research: A Journal of Australian and New Zealand Research and Practice, 25(3), 51. Davies, A. (2018, July 20). Zoox Flashes Serious Self-Driving Skills in Chaotic San Francisco. Retrieved from Wired: https://www.wired.com/story/zoox-self-driving-car-video-san-francisco/ De Groot, J. (2019, July 15). What is the California Consumer Privacy Act? Retrieved from Digital Guardian: https://digitalguardian.com/blog/what-california-data-privacy-protection-act De Groot, J. (2019, December 2). What is the General Data Protection Regulation? Understanding & Complying with GDPR Requirements in 2019. Retrieved from Digital Guardian:

100 REPORT https://digitalguardian.com/blog/what-gdpr-general-data-protection-regulation-understanding-and- complying-gdpr-data-protection Dean, J., Wray, A. J., Braun, L., Casello, J. M., McCallum, L., & Gower, S. (2019). Holding the keys to health? A scoping study of the population health impacts of automated vehicles. BMC public health, 19(1), 1258. DeBord, M. (2017, October 3). GM is testing its autonomous cars in one of the most challenging cities for driving. Retrieved from Business Insider: https://www.businessinsider.com/gm-cruise-automation- testing-self-driving-cars-san-francisco-2017-10 Deekens, A. (2019, May 30). Low-speed ahead: Meet VTTI’s automated shuttle. Retrieved from https://vtnews.vt.edu/articles/2019/05/053019-vtti-autonomousshuttle.html Descant, S. (2019, September 24). USDOT Grants to Accelerate AV Use in Rural, Suburban Areas. Retrieved from Govtech: https://www.govtech.com/fs/automation/USDOT-Grants-to-Accelerate-AV-Use-in- Rural-Suburban-Areas.html Dokic, J., Muller, B., & Meyer, G. (2015). European Roadmap Smart Systems for Automated Driving. European Tecnology Platform on Smart Systems Integration. Ducey, D. (2018). Executive Order 2018-04: Advancing Autonomous Vehicle Testing and Operating; Prioritizing Public Safety. Arizona: Office of the Governor. Retrieved from http://azmemory.azlibrary.gov/digital/collection/execorders/id/773/ EasyMile. (2019, June 19). Houston’s first driverless shuttle debuts at Texas Southern University. Retrieved from https://easymile.com/houstons-first-driverless-shuttle-debuts-at-texas-southern-university/ EasyMile. (2019, April 11). UDOT & UTA launches the EZ10 autonomous shuttle. Retrieved from https://easymile.com/udot-uta-launches-the-ez10-autonomous-shuttle/ EasyMile. (n.d.). EZ10. Retrieved from https://easymile.com/solutions-easymile/ez10-autonomous-shuttle- easymile/ Ebbink, B. (2018, October 18). Rise of the Robot Tax? New California Law Puts San Francisco on the Path to Taxing Autonomous Vehicles. Retrieved from Fisher Phillips: https://www.fisherphillips.com/autonomous-vehicles-blog/rise-of-the-robot-tax-new-california Eno Center for Transportation. (2018, June). America’s Workforce and. Retrieved from Eno Center for Transportation the Self-Driving Future: https://www.enotrans.org/article/new-report-finds-benefits-of- av-deployment-far-outweigh-costs-to- workforce/?utm_source=ETW+Connector+Email+List&utm_campaign=77b21591bc- EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2017_08_31_COPY_01&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_53f7370b97- 77b21591bc-35 Enwemeka, Z. (2018, June 21). Self-Driving Car Tests Will Expand To 15 Mass. Cities And Towns. Retrieved from wbur: http://www.wbur.org/bostonomix/2018/06/21/autonomous-vehicles-massachusetts- testing?TrucksFoT Erhardt, G. D., Roy, S., Cooper, D., Sana, B., Chen, M., & Castiglione, J. (2019). Do transportation network companies decrease or increase congestion? Science Advances, 5(5). doi:10.1126/sciadv.aau2670 Espino, J., & Truong, V. (2015). Electric Carsharing in Underserved Communities. Greenlining Institute. Etherington, D. (2017, November 28). Optimus Ride will provide self-driving vehicles to Boston community residents. Retrieved from Techcrunch: https://techcrunch.com/2017/11/28/optimus-ride-will-provide- self-driving-vehicles-to-boston-community-residents/ Etherington, D. (2017, November 28). Optimus Ride will provide self-driving vehicles to Boston community residents. Retrieved from TechCrunch: https://techcrunch.com/2017/11/28/optimus-ride-will-provide- self-driving-vehicles-to-boston-community-residents/ Felton, R. (2018, June 5). GM Cruise Prepping Launch Of Driverless Car Pilot In San Francisco: Emails . Retrieved from Jalopnik: https://jalopnik.com/gm-cruise-prepping-launch-of-driverless-car-pilot-in- sa-1826571157 Felton, R. (2018, September 10). GM's Plan to Test Autonomous Cars in New York City Seems to Have Gone up in Smoke. Retrieved from Jalopnik: https://jalopnik.com/gms-plan-to-test-autonomous-cars-in- new-york-city-seems-1828945330

101 REPORT Fiandaca, G. N. (2017, October 20). nuTonomy Passenger Pilot Test Plan. Retrieved from Boston Transportation Department : https://www.boston.gov/sites/default/files/document-file-10- 2017/nutonomypassengerpilot_letter.pdf Fiandaca, G. N. (2018, January 5). Optimus Ride Passenger Pilot Test Plan. Retrieved from Boston Transportation Department: https://www.boston.gov/sites/default/files/document-file-01- 2018/1_8_2018_letter_testplan_passengers.pdf Gehrke, S. F. (2018). Fare choices: A survey of ride-hailing passengers in metro Boston. Boston: Metropolitan Area Planning Council. Gehrke, S., Felix, A., & Reardon, T. (2018). Fare Choices: A Survey of Ride-Hailing Passengers in Metro Boston. Retrieved from MAPC: https://www.mapc.org/farechoices/ Gkartzonikas, C., & Gkritza, K. (2019). What have we learned? A review of stated preference and choice studies on autonomous vehicles. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 98, 323- 337. Graham, M. (2019, October 24). Autonomous shuttle Olli is expanding its testing in National Harbor. Retrieved from Technical.ly: https://technical.ly/dc/2019/10/24/atonomous-shuttle-olli-is-expanding- its-testing-in-national-harbor/ Green. (n.d.). SB 1561. Tennessee. Retrieved from http://wapp.capitol.tn.gov/apps/BillInfo/default.aspx?BillNumber=SB1561&GA=109 Green, D. (2018, August 27). An under-the-radar self-driving car startup is launching California's first autonomous grocery delivery. Retrieved from Business Insider: https://www.businessinsider.com/autox-launches-first-self-driving-car-grocery-delivery-and- shopping-2018-8 Groshen, E. L., Helper, S., MacDuffie, J. P., & Carson, C. (2019). Preparing US workers and employers for an autonomous vehicle future. Halverson, A. (2019, 12 24). Lime to pull e-bikes from Seattle, bring them back with scooters in the spring. Seattle PI. Hampshire, R., Simek, C., Fabusuyi, T., Di, X., & Chen, X. (2017, May 31). Measuring the Impact of an Unanticipated Disruption of Uber/Lyft in Austin, TX. Retrieved from SSRN: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2977969 Harb, M., Xiao, Y., Circella, G., Mokhtarian, P. L., & Walker, J. (2018). Projecting travelers into a world of self-driving vehicles: estimating travel behavior implications via a naturalistic experiment. ransportation, 45, 1671-85. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11116-018-9937-9 Harper, C. D., Hendrickson, C. T., Mangones, S., & Samaras, C. (2016, November). Estimating potential increases in travel with autonomous vehicles for the non-driving, elderly and people with travel- restrictive medical conditions. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 72, 1-9. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2016.09.003 Hart, L. (2015). Introduction To Model-Based System Engineering (MBSE) and SysML. Delaware Valley INCOSE Chapter Meeting. Hawkins, A. J. (2018, August 21). Lyft and Aptiv have completed 5,000 paid trips in their self-driving taxis. Retrieved from The Verge: https://www.theverge.com/2018/8/21/17718018/lyft-aptiv-self-driving- cars-las-vegas-5000-trips Hawkins, A. J. (2018, July 30). The self-driving cars hitting the road in Texas today are unlike any we’ve seen before. Retrieved from The Verge: https://www.theverge.com/2018/7/30/17622540/drive-ai-self- driving-car-ride-share-texas Hawkins, A. J. (2019, December 9). Mercedes-Benz and Bosch are testing self-driving taxis in San Jose. Retrieved from The Verge: https://www.theverge.com/2019/12/9/21002911/mercedes-benz-bosch- self-driving-taxi-car-sclass-san-jose-autonomous Hawkins, A. J. (2019, August 6). New York City’s First Self-Driving Shuttle Service Is Now Open For Business. Retrieved from The Verge: https://www.theverge.com/2019/8/6/20755163/new-york-city- self-driving-shuttle-service

102 REPORT Hawkins, A. J. (2019, December 9). Waymo’s Driverless Car: Ghost-Riding In The Back Seat Of A Robot Taxi. Retrieved from The Verge: https://www.theverge.com/2019/12/9/21000085/waymo-fully- driverless-car-self-driving-ride-hail-service-phoenix-arizona Hawkins, A. J. (2019, October 3). Zoox says it will launch a robot taxi service in Las Vegas. Retrieved from The Verge: https://www.theverge.com/2019/10/3/20897526/zoox-self-driving-taxi-robot-las-vegas- 2020 Henao, A., & Marshall, W. E. (2019). The impact of ride hailing on parking (and vice versa). Journal of Transport and Land Use, 12(1). doi:NREL/JA-5400-73889 Hutchins, A., Cummings, M., Draper, M., & Hughes, T. (2015). Representing Autonomous Systems’ Self- Confidence through Competency Boundaries. Proceedings of HFES 2015: 59th Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. International Transport Forum. (2018, May 24). The Shared-Use City: Managing the Curb. Retrieved from International Transport Forum - OECD: https://www.itf-oecd.org/sites/default/files/docs/shared-use- city-managing-curb_5.pdf J Garreau. (1992). Edge City: Life on the New Frontier. Anchor. Kendall, A., Ambrose, H., Maroney, E., & Deng, H. (2018). Program for Vehicle Regulatory Reform: Assessing Life Cycle-Based Greenhouse Gas Standards. Davis: UC Davis: National Center for Sustainable Transportation. Retrieved from https://escholarship.org/uc/item/49g4h212 Kimley Horn & IBI Group. (2019). Final Report: DRPT Statewide Integrated Mobility Initiative. http://www.drpt.virginia.gov/media/2789/drpt-statewide-integrated-mobility-initiative-finalreport- 2019-05-16-1.pdf: Virginia Department of Rail and Public Transportation. Kiwibot. (n.d.). Bite the future. Retrieved from kiwibot: https://kiwibot.com/ Korosec, K. (2019, June 3). Aptiv’s self-driving BMWs have made more than 50,000 rides on the Lyft app in Las Vegas. Retrieved from TechCrunch: https://techcrunch.com/2019/06/03/aptivs-self-driving- bmws-have-made-more-than-50000-rides-on-the-lyft-app-in-las-vegas/ Kuzio, J. (2019). Planning for Social Equity and Emerging Technologies. Transportation Research Record. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0361198119852065 LADOT. (2019, March 22). LADOT Data Protection Principles. Los Angeles, California. LeBeau, P. (2019, July 24). GM Cruise delays the launch of autonomous ride-share, adds to test fleet. Retrieved from CNBC: GM Cruise delays the launch of autonomous ride-share, adds to test fleet Local Motors. (2018). Retrieved from Local Motors: https://localmotors.com/meet-olli/ Locklear, M. (2018, June 21). nuTonomy can test autonomous vehicles city-wide in Boston. Retrieved from engadget: https://www.engadget.com/2018/06/21/nutonomy-test-autonomous-vehicles-city-wide- boston/ Lyft. (2017, December 6). Lyft Kicks Off Self-Driving Program in Boston With nuTonomy. Retrieved from https://blog.lyft.com/posts/lyft-and-nutonomy-in-boston Marakby, S. (2018, February 27). We’re Going to Miami: The First Proving Ground for Our Self-Driving Service. Retrieved from Ford Motor Company: https://media.ford.com/content/fordmedia/fna/us/en/news/2018/02/27/we_re-going-to-miami--the- first-proving-ground-for-our-self-driv.html Marshall, A. (2017, November 29). My Herky-Jerky Ride in General Motors' Ultra-Cautious Self Driving Car. Retrieved from Wired: https://www.wired.com/story/ride-general-motors-self-driving-car/ Martinez, M. (2018, August 1). Detroit autonomous shuttle venture May Mobility eyes more cities. Retrieved from Automotive News: http://www.autonews.com/article/20180801/OEM11/180809934/may- mobility-detroit-autonomous-shuttles-expansion Menon, N., Barbour, N., Zhang, Y., Pinjari, A. R., & Mannering, F. (2019). Shared autonomous vehicles and their potential impacts on household vehicle ownership: An exploratory empirical assessment. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, 13(2), 111-122. Metro. (2019, November 4). Fla.'s JTA testing ADA-accessible autonomous shuttle. Retrieved from Metro Magazine: https://www.metro-magazine.com/accessibility/news/736234/fla-s-jta-testing-ada- accessible-autonomous-shuttle

103 REPORT Millard-Ball, A. (2018, March 1). Pedestrians, Autonomous Vehicles, and Cities. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 38(1), 6-12. doi:10.1177/0739456X16675674 Millard-Ball, A. (2019, March). The autonomous vehicle parking problem. Transport Policy, 75, 99-108. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2019.01.003 MnDOT. (2017, October 4). MnDOT chooses EasyMile for autonomous shuttle bus project. Retrieved from MnDOT: https://www.dot.state.mn.us/newsrels/17/10/4autonomous.html NACTO. (2019, September). Blueprint for Autonomous Urbanism: Second Edition. Retrieved from National Association of Transportation Officials (NACTO): https://nacto.org/publication/bau2/ Nakao, K. (2016). Introduction of ITU-T Study Group 17 Standardization of Security. WP.29 ITS-AD Meeting. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. (2019). Renewing the National Commitment to the Interstate Highway System: A Foundation for the Future. Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Press. doi:10.17226/25334 National Conference of State Legislatures. (2020). Autonomous Vehicles State Bill Tracking Database. Retrieved from National Conference of State Legislatures: https://www.ncsl.org/research/transportation/autonomous-vehicles-legislative-database.aspx National Science & Technology Council, U. (2020). Ensuring American Leadership in Automated Vehicle Technologies: Autonomous Vehicles 4.0. Naughton, N. (2019, June 12). Ford self-driving partner Argo AI begins testing in Detroit. Retrieved from The Detroit News: https://www.detroitnews.com/story/business/autos/ford/2019/06/12/ford-self-driving- partner-argo-ai-begins-testing-detroit/1429504001/ NAVYA. (n.d.). AUTONOM SHUTTLE, the Revolutionary First and Last Mile Travel Solution. Retrieved from https://navya.tech/en/autonom-shuttle/ NCSL. (2019, October 9). Autonomous Vehicles | Self-Driving Vehicles Enacted Legislation. Retrieved from http://www.ncsl.org/research/transportation/autonomous-vehicles-self-driving-vehicles-enacted- legislation.aspx New Urban Mechanics. (2018, August 28). Autonomous vehicles: Boston's approach. Retrieved from City of Boston: https://www.boston.gov/departments/new-urban-mechanics/autonomous-vehicles-bostons- approach NHTSA. (2018). Assessment, Evaluation, and Approaches to Modification of FMVSS that may Impact Compliance of new Vehicle Designs Associated with ADS. NHTSA. (2018). AV 3.0. Retrieved from Automated Driving Systems: https://www.nhtsa.gov/vehicle- manufacturers/automated-driving-systems Noble, B. (2018, June 26). Self-driving shuttles begin running in downtown Detroit. Retrieved from The Detroit News: https://www.detroitnews.com/story/business/autos/mobility/2018/06/26/self-driving- shuttles-downtown-detroit-gilbert/719933002/ Nuro. (2018, August 17). Nuro. Retrieved from https://nuro.ai/ Nuro. (2018, August 16). Scottsdale, Meet Nuro. Retrieved from Nuro: https://medium.com/nuro/az-pilot- launch-33cceb55c871 nuTonomy. (2018). Quartely AV Testing Report. Retrieved from City of Boston: https://www.boston.gov/sites/default/files/document-file-06-2018/q1_2018_report.pdf Organization, B. M. (2018). Revist & Update Mobility Hubs. Broward. Patella, Scrucca, F., Asdrubali, F., & Carrese, S. (2019, September). Carbon Footprint of autonomous vehicles at the urban mobility system level: A traffic simulation-based approach. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 74, 189-200. doi:10.1016/j.trd.2019.08.007 PennDOT. (2018, July). Automated Vehicle Testing Guidance. Retrieved from Pennsylvania Department of Transportation: https://www.penndot.gov/ProjectAndPrograms/ResearchandTesting/Autonomous%20_Vehicles/Doc uments/PennDOT%20HAV%20Testing%20Guidance.pdf Policy, A. P. (2019). National Overview of TNC Electrification.

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Innovative and emerging mobility services offer travelers more options to increase mobility and access goods and services. In addition, various technological developments have the potential to alter the automotive industry and traveler experience, as well as mobility and goods access.

The TRB National Cooperative Highway Research Program's NCHRP Web-Only Document 331: Mobility on Demand and Automated Driving Systems: A Framework for Public-Sector Assessment provides resources that identify key stakeholders and partnerships, offers emerging lessons learned, and provides sample regulations that can be used to help plan for and integrate emerging modes.

The document is supplemental to NCHRP Research Report 1009: Shared Automated Vehicle Toolkit: Policies and Planning Considerations for Implementation.

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