Spatial Justice as a Driver of Health in the Context of Societal Emergencies: Proceedings of a Workshop (2023)

Below is the uncorrected machine-read text of this chapter, intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text of each book. Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.

Spatial Justice as a Driver of Health in the Context of Societal Emergencies Vinu Ilakkuvan, Rapporteur Roundtable on Population Health Improvement Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice Health and Medicine Division PREPUBLICATION COPY—Uncorrected Proofs Proceedings of a Workshop 

NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001 This activity was supported by contracts between the National Academy of Sciences and the Association of American Medical Colleges, Blue Cross Blue Shield of North Carolina, Blue Shield of California Foundation, Fannie Rippel Foundation, Kresge Foundation, Nemours, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, Saint David Foundation, The California Endowment, Thomas Jefferson University, and Wake Forest Baptist Health. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of any organization or agency that provided support for the project. International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-XXXXX-X International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-XXXXX-X Digital Object Identifier: https://doi.org/10.17226/26858 Additional copies of this publication are available from the National Academies Press, 500 Fifth Street, NW, Keck 360, Washington, DC 20001; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313; http://www.nap.edu. Copyright 2023 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America Suggested citation: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Spatial justice as a driver of health in the context of societal emergencies: Proceedings of a workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/26858. PREPUBLICATION COPY—Uncorrected Proofs 

The National Academy of Sciences was established in 1863 by an Act of Congress, signed by President Lincoln, as a private, nongovernmental institution to advise the nation on issues related to science and technology. Members are elected by their peers for outstanding contributions to research. Dr. Marcia McNutt is president. The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964 under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences to bring the practices of engineering to advising the nation. Members are elected by their peers for extraordinary contributions to engineering. Dr. John L. Anderson is president. The National Academy of Medicine (formerly the Institute of Medicine) was established in 1970 under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences to advise the nation on medical and health issues. Members are elected by their peers for distinguished contributions to medicine and health. Dr. Victor J. Dzau is president. The three Academies work together as the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to provide independent, objective analysis and advice to the nation and conduct other activities to solve complex problems and inform public policy decisions. The National Academies also encourage education and research, recognize outstanding contributions to knowledge, and increase public understanding in matters of science, engineering, and medicine. Learn more about the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine at www.nationalacademies.org. PREPUBLICATION COPY—Uncorrected Proofs 

Consensus Study Reports published by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine document the evidence-based consensus on the study’s statement of task by an authoring committee of experts. Reports typically include findings, conclusions, and recommendations based on information gathered by the committee and the committee’s deliberations. Each report has been subjected to a rigorous and independent peer-review process and it represents the position of the National Academies on the statement of task. Proceedings published by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine chronicle the presentations and discussions at a workshop, symposium, or other event convened by the National Academies. The statements and opinions contained in proceedings are those of the participants and are not endorsed by other participants, the planning committee, or the National Academies. Rapid Expert Consultations published by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine are authored by subject-matter experts on narrowly focused topics that can be supported by a body of evidence. The discussions contained in rapid expert consultations are considered those of the authors and do not contain policy recommendations. Rapid expert consultations are reviewed by the institution before release. For information about other products and activities of the National Academies, please visit www.nationalacademies.org/about/whatwedo. PREPUBLICATION COPY—Uncorrected Proofs 

PLANNING COMMITTEE ON SPATIAL JUSTICE AS A DRIVER OF HEALTH IN THE CONTEXT OF SOCIETAL EMERGENCIES1 LOURDES RODRÍGUEZ, Senior Program Officer, St. David’s Foundation, Austin, TX DAWN ALLEY, Chief Strategy Officer, Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation, Washington, DC NUPUR CHAUDHURY, Health Equity Consultant, NupurSpectives Consulting, New York, NY ALEJANDRA HERNANDEZ, Environment Fellow, The Kresge Foundation, Troy, MI MILTON LITTLE, JR., President & CEO, United Way of Greater Atlanta, Atlanta, GA MONIQUE TSOSIE, Program Analyst, Inter Tribal Council of Arizona, Inc., Phoenix, AZ 1 The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine’s planning ­committees are solely responsible for organizing the workshop, identifying topics, and choosing ­speakers. The responsibility for the published Proceedings of a Workshop rests with the workshop rapporteur and the institution. v PREPUBLICATION COPY—Uncorrected Proofs 

PREPUBLICATION COPY—Uncorrected Proofs 

ROUNDTABLE ON POPULATION HEALTH IMPROVEMENT1 RAYMOND BAXTER (Co-chair), Trustee, Blue Shield of California Foundation, San Francisco, CA KIRSTEN BIBBINS-DOMINGO (Co-chair), Professor and Chair of the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Lee Goldman, MD, Endowed Professor of Medicine; Vice Dean for Population Health and Health Equity, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine; San Francisco, CA PHILIP M. ALBERTI, Senior Director, Health Equity Research and Policy, Association of American Medical Colleges, Washington, DC DAWN ALLEY, Chief Strategy Officer, Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation, Washington, DC JOHN AUERBACH, Executive Director, Trust for America’s Health, Washington, DC DEBBIE I. CHANG, President and CEO, Blue Shield of California Foundation, San Francisco, CA MARC N. GOUREVITCH, Professor and Chair, Department of Population Health, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY MARGARET GUERIN-CALVERT, Senior Managing Director and President, Center for Healthcare, Economics and Policy, FTI Consulting, Washington, DC GARY R. GUNDERSON, Vice President, Faith Health, School of Divinity, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC HILARY HEISHMAN, Senior Program Officer, The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, Princeton, NJ DORA HUGHES, Associate Research Professor of Health Policy and Management, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC SHERI JOHNSON, Director, Population Health Institute; Acting Director, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Culture of Health Prize; Associate Professor, Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, WI WAYNE JONAS, Executive Director, Integrative Health Programs, H & S Ventures, Samueli Foundation, Alexandria, VA ROBERT M. KAPLAN, Professor, Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 1 The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicines planning ­committees are solely responsible for organizing the workshop, identifying topics, and choosing ­speakers. The responsibility for the published Proceedings of a Workshop rests with the workshop rapporteur and the institution. vii PREPUBLICATION COPY—Uncorrected Proofs 

MILTON LITTLE, President, United Way of Greater Atlanta, Atlanta, GA PHYLLIS D. MEADOWS, Senior Fellow, Health Program, Kresge Foundation, Troy, MI BOBBY MILSTEIN, Director, ReThink Health, Morristown, NJ JOSÉ T. MONTERO, Director, Center for State, Tribal, Local and Territorial Support; Deputy Director, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA VON NGUYEN, Senior Vice President and Chief Medical Officer, Blue Cross Blue Shield of North Carolina, Durham, NC KARA ODOM WALKER, Executive Vice President and Chief Population Health Officer, Nemours Children’s Health System, Washington, DC WILLIE OGLESBY, Interim Dean, College of Population Health, Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA JASON PURNELL, Vice President, Community Health Improvement, BJC HealthCare; Associate Professor, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO KOSALI SIMON, Herman B. Wells Endowed Professor, Associate Vice Provost for Health Sciences, Paul H. O’Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN OKTAWIA WÓJCIK, Senior Program Officer, The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, Princeton, NJ HANH CAO YU, Chief Learning Officer, The California Endowment, Oakland, CA Health and Medicine Division Staff ALINA BACIU, Roundtable Director ALLIE ANDRADA, Program Officer AYSHIA COLETRANE, Senior Program Assistant MAGGIE ANDERSON, Research Assistant (beginning September 2021) HARIKA DYER, Research Assistant (through July 2021) ROSE M. MARTINEZ, Senior Board Director viii PREPUBLICATION COPY—Uncorrected Proofs 

Reviewers This Proceedings of a Workshop was reviewed in draft form by indi- viduals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the National Academies of Sciences, Engineer- ing, and Medicine in making each published proceedings as sound as possible and to ensure that it meets the institutional standards for quality, objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the charge. The review com- ments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the process. We thank the following individuals for their review of this proceedings: CARRIE CARROLL, University of Wisconsin Population Health Institute HILARY HEISHMAN, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Although the reviewers listed above provided many constructive com- ments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the content of the proceedings nor did they see the final draft before its release. The review of this proceedings was overseen by MARTÍN-JOSÉ J. SEPÚLVEDA, Claraluz LLC. He was responsible for making certain that an indepen- dent examination of this proceedings was carried out in accordance with standards of the National Academies and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content rests entirely with the ­rapporteur and the National Academies. ix PREPUBLICATION COPY—Uncorrected Proofs 

PREPUBLICATION COPY—Uncorrected Proofs 

Contents ACRONYMS AND GLOSSARY xiii 1 INTRODUCTION 1 Workshop Objectives, 1 2 HISTORIES OF DISPLACEMENT AND DISPOSSESSION 7 Japanese Incarceration through the Lens of Settler Colonialism, 8 The Role of Epistemology: A Case Study of Ho’opono Mamo, A Juvenile Justice Reform and Transformation Effort in Hawaii, 11 400 Years of Inequality: Intertwined Stories of Rupture and Attachment, 14 Discussion, 16 3 CLIMATE CHANGE DISPLACEMENT AND POPULATION RESILIENCE 19 The Role of Social Infrastructure, 21 Advancing a Community-Based Participatory Climate Science: The Case of Urban Heat, 23 Discussion, 27 xi PREPUBLICATION COPY—Uncorrected Proofs 

xii CONTENTS 4 HOW POLICIES AND INVESTMENTS SHAPE SPATIAL INJUSTICE AND DISPLACEMENT 31 Property Rights, 32 Gentrification, 34 Migration to the Suburbs, 35 Panel Discussion, 37 Audience Questions, 43 5 PUBLIC SPACE 101 FOR CROSS-SECTOR PARTNERSHIPS THAT CAN DRIVE CHANGE 47 Spatial Justice in Urban Planning, 47 Spatial Justice in Planned Community Relocation, 53 Spatial Justice in Logistics and Regional Port Economies, 59 Discussion, 62 6 BRINGING IT TOGETHER WITH APPLICATIONS FOR DIFFERENT PRACTICE COMMUNITIES, COLLABORATION, AND POLICY, 67 Audience Questions, 71 7 CLOSING REMARKS AND REFLECTIONS 75 APPENDICES A Speaker and Planning Committee Biographical Sketches 77 B Workshop Agenda 89 C Readings and Resources 93 D References 97 PREPUBLICATION COPY—Uncorrected Proofs 

Acronyms and Glossary ACRONYMS BIPOC Black, Indigenous, and People of Color CBPR community-based participatory research FBI Federal Bureau of Investigation UN United Nations GLOSSARY Epistemology: Described by Karen Umemoto as culture, knowledge ­systems, or ways of viewing, understanding, and relating to the world. Spatial justice: “The fair and equitable distribution in space of socially valued resources and the opportunities to use them” (Soja, 2009). xiii PREPUBLICATION COPY—Uncorrected Proofs 

PREPUBLICATION COPY—Uncorrected Proofs