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Page 135
Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Provision of Alternative Services by Transit Agencies: The Intersection of Regulation and Program. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26860.
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References

Committee for Review of Innovative Urban Mobility Services. 2016. Special Report 319: Between Public and Private Mobility: Examining the Rise of Technology-Enabled Transportation Services. Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC.

Curtis, T., M. Merritt, C. Chen, D. Perlmutter, D. Berez, and B. Ellis. 2019. TCRP Research Report 204: Partnerships between Transit Agencies and Transportation Network Companies (TNCs). Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC.

Foxx, A. 2016. Dear Colleague letter from the Office of the Secretary of Transportation. U.S. DOT. www.transit.dot.gov/sites/fta.dot.gov/files/Dear%20Colleague%20Letter%20re%20Shared%20Mobility.pdf.

FTA. 2012. Circular 4702.1B, Title VI Requirements and Guidelines for Federal Transit Administration Recipients. https://www.transit.dot.gov/sites/fta.dot.gov/files/docs/FTA_Title_VI_FINAL.pdf.

FTA. 2015. Circular 4710.1, Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Guidance.

FTA. 2016. Shared Mobility FAQs. https://www.transit.dot.gov/regulations-and-guidance/shared-mobility-faqs-americans-disabilities-act-ada#ada_4.

FTA. 2018. Shared Mobility FAQs: Controlled Substance and Alcohol Testing Requirements. https://www.transit.dot.gov/regulations-and-guidance/shared-mobility-faqs-controlled-substance-and-alcohol-testing-requirements.

FTA. 2020a. ADA Guidance, “Premium Charges” for Paratransit Services. www.transit.dot.gov/regulations-and-guidance/civil-rights-ada/premium-charges-paratransit-services.

FTA. 2020b. Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. https://www.transit.dot.gov/title6.

GAO. 2001. Transit Labor Arrangements: Most Transit Agencies Report Impacts Are Minimal. GAO-02-78.

Hussain, S. What Prop. 22’s Defeat Would Mean for Uber and Lyft—and Drivers. LA Times, October 19, 2020. www.latimes.com/business/technology/story/2020-10-19/prop-22-explained.

KFH Group, Inc., Urbitran Associates, Inc., McCollom Management Consulting, Inc., and Cambridge Systematics, Inc. 2008. TCRP Report 124: Guidebook for Measuring, Assessing, and Improving Performance of Demand-Response Transportation. Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC.

NCOIL. 2015. Model Act to Regulate Insurance Requirements for Transportation Network Companies and Transportation Network Drivers. http://ncoil.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/07232015TNCModelAct.pdf.

NTD. 2020. National Transit Database 2020 Policy Manual: Full Reporting. www.transit.dot.gov/ntd/2020-ntd-reporting-policy-manual.

Office of the Federal Register. 2012. Federal Register 77, no. 167 (Tuesday, August 28, 2012). www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2012-08-28/pdf/2012-21167.pdf.

Rodman, W., and W. High. 2017. TCRP Synthesis 135: ADA Paratransit Service Models. Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC. https://doi.org/10.17226/25092.

Shurna, M. L., and J. P. Schwieterman. 2020. 21 Key Takeaways from Partnerships between Public Transit Providers and Transportation Network Companies in the United States. Chaddick Institute Policy Series. DePaul University, Chicago, IL. https://las.depaul.edu/centers-and-institutes/chaddick-institute-for-metropolitan-development/research-and-publications/Documents/21Takeaways%20Report%20-%20Final%20Version.pdf.

Siddiqui, F., and N. Tiku. 2020. Uber and Lyft Used Sneaky Tactics to Avoid Making Drivers Employees in California, Voters Say. Now, They’re Going National. Washington Post, November 12, 2020. www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2020/11/17/uber-lyft-prop22-misinformation.

Teale, C. 2020. CA’s Prop 22 Passage Could Bring Further Challenges to Ride-Hail Regulations. Smartcitiesdive, November 5, 2020. www.smartcitiesdive.com/news/california-prop-22-passage-challenges-ride-hailing-regulation/588425/.

Page 136
Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Provision of Alternative Services by Transit Agencies: The Intersection of Regulation and Program. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26860.
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Thatcher, R. H., and J. K. Gaffney. 1991. ADA Paratransit Handbook: Implementing the Complementary Paratransit Service Requirements of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. U.S. DOT.

Thomas, L. W. 1994. TCRP Legal Research Digest 3: State Limitations on Tort Liability of Public Transit Operations. TRB, National Research Council, Washington, DC.

U.S. DOT. 2017. Understanding the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA). www7.transportation.gov/transition/fmcsa-understanding-federal-motor-carrier-safety-administration.

Waite, J. 2018. TCRP Legal Research Digest 53: Legal Considerations in Relationships Between Transit Agencies and Ridesourcing Service Providers. Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC. https://doi.org/10.17226/25109.

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Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Provision of Alternative Services by Transit Agencies: The Intersection of Regulation and Program. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26860.
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Page 138
Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Provision of Alternative Services by Transit Agencies: The Intersection of Regulation and Program. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26860.
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Page 135
Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Provision of Alternative Services by Transit Agencies: The Intersection of Regulation and Program. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26860.
×
Page 135
Page 136
Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Provision of Alternative Services by Transit Agencies: The Intersection of Regulation and Program. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26860.
×
Page 136
Page 137
Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Provision of Alternative Services by Transit Agencies: The Intersection of Regulation and Program. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26860.
×
Page 137
Page 138
Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Provision of Alternative Services by Transit Agencies: The Intersection of Regulation and Program. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26860.
×
Page 138
Next: Appendix A - Case Studies »
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Transit agencies are increasingly offering an alternative service for their Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) paratransit riders. This service is typically an on-demand or same-day transportation option subsidized by a transit agency and is an alternative to the next-day service of ADA paratransit.

The TRB Transit Cooperative Research Program's TCRP Research Report 239: Provision of Alternative Services by Transit Agencies: The Intersection of Regulation and Program details how alternative services provide at least some cost savings and also meet more spontaneous travel needs of ADA paratransit riders based on cost per subsidized trip versus cost per ADA paratransit trip. The report also identifies and documents legal and regulatory matters that transit agencies should address for their alternative services.

Supplemental to the report are an Alternative Services Estimation Tool, Appendix B: Sample Materials for Planning and Deploying an Alternative Service, a Workshop Curriculum, and Implementation of Research Findings and Products.

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