Long-Term Vegetation Management Strategies for Roadsides and Roadside Appurtenances (2023)

Below is the uncorrected machine-read text of this chapter, intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text of each book. Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.

61 REFERENCES Alabama Department of Transportation. 2006. Standard Specifications for Highway Construction, 2006 edition. https://aldotgis.dot.state.al.us/geogis/Content/ALDOT%20Specifications/Past%20Specifications/ ALDOT%20Specifications%202006.pdf. AASHTO. 2011a. Guidelines for Vegetation Management, first edition. Washington, DC. AASHTO. 2011b. Roadside Design Guide, fourth edition. Washington, DC. AASHTO. 2016. Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware, second edition. Washington, DC. ADOT. 2008. Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction. https://azdot.gov/sites/default/files/media/2019/11/2008-standards-specifications-for-road-and- bridge-construction.pdf. Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department (ARDOT). 2014. Standard Specification for Highway Construction, 2014 edition. https://www.ardot.gov/wp- content/uploads/2020/10/2014SpecBook.pdf. Arrington, D., R. Bligh, and W. Menges. 2009. Alternative Design of Guardrail Posts in Asphalt or Concrete Mowing Pads. Roadside Safety Research Program Pooled Fund Study No. TPF-5(114). http://www.roadsidepooledfund.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/405160-14-1.pdf. Barton, S., and V. Budischak. 2013. Guardrail Vegetation Management in Delaware. Delaware Department of Transportation, Newark, DE. https://cpb-us- w2.wpmucdn.com/sites.udel.edu/dist/1/1139/files/2013/10/Rpt-247-Guardrail-vegetation- Barton-PLSC-1bw8586.pdf. Bligh, R., N. Seckinger, A. Abu-Odeh, P. Roschke, W. Menges, and R. Haug. 2004. Dynamic Response of Guardrail Systems Encased in Pavement Mow Strips. Report 0-4162-2. Texas Department of Transportation. Bligh, R., W. Menges, B. Griffith, G. Schroeder, and D. Kuhn. 2019. MASH Evaluation of TxDOT Roadside Safety Features—Phase II. Report 0-6946-R2. Texas Department of Transportation. Bligh, R., W. Menges, B. Griffith, G. Schroeder, and D. Kuhn. 2020. MASH Evaluation of TxDOT Roadside Safety Features—Phase III. Report 0-6946-R3. Texas Department of Transportation. California Department of Transportation (Caltrans). 2012. Roadside Management Toolbox: Patterned Concrete. https://dot.ca.gov/programs/design/lap-roadside-management- toolbox/tool4j-lap-patterned-concrete-pavement (as of October 31, 2018).

62 California Department of Transportation (Caltrans). 2015. Roadside Management Toolbox: Rock Blanket. https://dot.ca.gov/programs/design/lap-roadside-management-toolbox/tool4k-lap-rock- blanket (as of October 31, 2018). California Department of Transportation (Caltrans). 2017a. Roadside Management Toolbox. https://dot.ca.gov/programs/design/lap-roadside-management-toolbox California Department of Transportation (Caltrans). 2017b. Minor Concrete Vegetation Control. Caltrans Construction Policy Bulletin. http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/construc/manual2001/cpb17- 6.pdf (as of October 31, 2018). California Department of Transportation (Caltrans). 2017c. Roadside Management Toolbox: Stamped Asphalt Concrete. https://dot.ca.gov/programs/design/lap-roadside-management- toolbox/tool4h-lap-stamped-asphalt-pavement (as of October 31, 2018). California Department of Transportation (Caltrans). 2017d. Roadside Management Toolbox: Asphalt Composite Vegetation Control. https://dot.ca.gov/programs/design/lap-roadside- management-toolbox/tool40-lap-asphalt-composite-vegetation-control (as of October 31, 2018). California Department of Transportation (Caltrans). 2017e. Roadside Management Toolbox: Weed Control Mat (Rubber). https://dot.ca.gov/programs/design/lap-roadside-management- toolbox/tool4m2-lap-weed-control-mat-rubber (as of October 31, 2018). California Department of Transportation (Caltrans). 2017f. Roadside Management Toolbox: Gravel Mulch. https://dot.ca.gov/programs/design/lap-roadside-management-toolbox/tool4s-lap- gravel-mulch (as of October 31, 2018). California Department of Transportation (Caltrans). 2017g. Roadside Management Toolbox: Organic Mulch. https://dot.ca.gov/programs/design/lap-roadside-management-toolbox/tool4r- lap-organic-mulch (as of November 6, 2018). California Department of Transportation (Caltrans). 2017h. Roadside Management Toolbox: Weed Control Mat (Fiber). https://dot.ca.gov/programs/design/lap-roadside-management- toolbox/tool4m-lap-weed-control-mat-fiber (as of November 6, 2018). California Department of Transportation (Caltrans). 2017i. Roadside Management Toolbox: Irrigated Ornamental Vegetation. https://dot.ca.gov/programs/design/lap-roadside-management- toolbox/tool4p-lap-irrigated-ornamental-vegetation (as of November 6, 2018). California Department of Transportation (Caltrans). 2017j. Roadside Management Toolbox: Native Vegetation. https://dot.ca.gov/programs/design/lap-roadside-management-toolbox/tool4q- lap-native-vegetation (as of November 6, 2018). Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT). 2017. Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction. https://www.codot.gov/business/designsupport/cdot-construction- specifications/2017-construction-standard-specs/2017-specs-book.

63 Concrete Canvas. 2020. Concrete Canvas® Concrete on a Roll. https://www.concretecanvas.com/documents/downloaddoc/cc-civil-brochure.pdf. Davey Tree Expert Company. 2017. Landscaping Pros and Cons of Rocks vs. Mulch. http://blog.davey.com/2017/05/landscaping-pros-and-cons-of-rocks-vs-mulch/ (as of October 31, 2018). Diversified Landscape Company. 2016. Hardscape. https://www.diversifiedlandscape.com/hardscape. Dunn, M. 2002. Evaluation of DuroTrim Vegetation Control Mats. Iowa Department of Transportation. http://publications.iowa.gov/19902/. FHWA. 2016. Memorandum, Joint Implementation Agreement for Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware (MASH). https://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/roadway_dept/countermeasures/reduce_crash_severity/docs/memo_joi nt_implementation_agmt.pdf. FHWA. 2020. Frequently Asked Questions: Barriers, Terminals, Transitions, Attenuators, and Bridge Railings. https://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/roadway_dept/countermeasures/faqs/qa_bttabr.cfm. FHWA. 2022. Proven Safety Countermeasures, Median Barrier. FHWA-SA-17-060. https://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/provencountermeasures. FHWA. N.d. Guardrail 101. https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/guardrailsafety/guardrail101.pdf. Fitzgerald, W. 2008. W-Beam Guardrail Repair: A Guide for Highway and Street Maintenance Personnel. FHWA-SA-08-002. https://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/local_rural/training/fhwasa08002/. Idaho Transportation Department (ITD). 2014. Best Management Practices (BMP) Manual. https://itd.idaho.gov/env/?target=resources/. Idaho Transportation Department (ITD). 2015. Operations Manual. https://apps.itd.idaho.gov/apps/manuals/Operations_Manual.pdf. Indiana Department of Environmental Management. 2007. Indiana Storm Water Quality Manual. https://www.in.gov/idem/stormwater/resources/indiana-storm-water-quality-manual/. Malcolm, J. 2006. Caltrans Structural Vegetation Management Solutions for Roadsides. California Department of Transportation, Division of Maintenance. Malcolm, J. 2009. Update on Physical Barriers for Weed Control. California Department of Transportation, Division of Maintenance. Mak, K. K., D. L. Sicking, and H. E. Ross, Jr. Real World Impact Conditions for Ran-Off-the- Road Accidents. ln Transportation Research Record 1065.Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC, 1986.

64 Meininger, R., and S. Stokowski. 2011. Wherefore Art Thou Aggregate Resources for Highways? Public Roads, FHWA-HRT-11-006, Vol. 75, No. 2, September/October. https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/11septoct/06.cfm. Minnesota Department of Transportation (MnDOT). 2018. Standard Specifications for Construction, 2018 edition. http://www.dot.state.mn.us/pre-letting/spec/2018/2018-spec-book- final.pdf. Moran, S., R. Bligh, W. Menges, G. Schroeder, and D. Kuhn. 2020. MASH Test 3-11 Evaluation of TxDOT W-Beam Guardrail with 7½-Inch Diameter Round Wood Posts in Concrete Mow Strip. Report 0-6968-R2. Texas Department of Transportation, Moran, S., W. Menges, W. Schroeder, B. Griffith, and D. Kuhn. 2021. MASH Test 3-11 on W-Beam Guardrail with Rectangular Wood Posts in Concrete Mow Strip. Report 690900-AFP2. Texas A&M Transportation Institute. NCHRP. Determination of Safe/Cost Effective Roadside Slopes and Associated Clear Distances. National Cooperative Highway Research Program Project l1-11(02), Texas Transportation Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas. (In progress). Ohio Department of Transportation. N.d. Use of Rip-Rap or Dump Rock to Enhance Slope Stability at Abutments. http://www.dot.state.oh.us/Divisions/Engineering/Structures/bridge%20operations%20and%20m aintenance/PreventiveMaintenanceManual/BPMM/abutments/riprap_diagram.htm. Pacific Landscape Supply. 2019. About Us. https://www.pacificlandscapesupply.com/about. Pattern Paving Products. Stamped Asphalt…Surfacing Solution. 2016. https://www.patternpaving.com/stampedasphalt.html. PennDOT. 2013. PennDOT Recycling Material Brief: Crushed Glass Fact Sheet. https://www.penndot.gov/ProjectAndPrograms/RoadDesignEnvironment/Environment/Pollution Prevention/Documents/FS-%20GC%20Fact%20Sheet%20FINAL%20061513.pdf. RIDOT. 2018. Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction, 2004 edition, amended March 2018. http://www.dot.ri.gov/documents/doingbusiness/Bluebook.pdf. Rohde, J.R. 2003. Development of Standards for Placement of Steel Guardrail Posts in Rock, Midwest Roadside Safety Facility. https://mwrsf.unl.edu/researchhub/files/Report246/TRP-03- 119-03.pdf Ross, H., D. Sicking, R. Zimmer, and J. Miche. 1993. NCHRP Report 350: Recommended Procedures for the Safety Performance Evaluation of Highway Features. http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/nchrp/nchrp_rpt_350-a.pdf. Scott, D., L. Stewart, and D. White. 2018. Crash Tests on Guardrail Systems Embedded in Asphalt Vegetation Barriers in Accordance with GDOT Design Specifications. Georgia Department of Transportation. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/40283.

65 Sheikh, N., W. Menges, and D. Kuhn. 2019. MASH TL-3 Evaluation of 31-Inch W-Beam Guardrail with Wood and Steel Posts in Concrete Mow Strip. Roadside Safety Research Program Pooled Fund Study No. TPF-5 (114). https://www.roadsidepooledfund.org/wp- content/uploads/2017/06/TRNo608551-1-45-Final.pdf. Srinivas, K., and B. Ravinder. 2012. Concrete Cloth—Its Uses and Application in Civil Engineering. NMB&CW. https://www.nbmcw.com/tech-articles/concrete/28977-concrete-cloth- its-uses-and-application-in-civil-engineering.html. TxDOT. 2008. Cable Median Barrier Maintenance Manual. Report No. 0-5609-P1. https://static.tti.tamu.edu/tti.tamu.edu/documents/0-5609-P1.pdf. TxDOT. 2012. Tire-Rubber Anti-vegetation Tile Evaluation. Recycled Materials Resource Center. https://rmrc.wisc.edu/project-30/ (as of November 6, 2018). TxDOT. 2017. Landscape and Aesthetics Design Manual. http://onlinemanuals.txdot.gov/txdotmanuals/lad/lad_mn.htm. TxDOT. 2019. Roadway Standards, Metal Beam Guard Fence (Mow Strip). MBGF(MS)-19 Design Division, https://www.dot.state.tx.us/insdtdot/orgchart/cmd/cserve/standard/rdwylse.htm#BARRIER(STE EL). Washington State Department of Transportation. 2022 Roadside Policy Manual. https://www.wsdot.wa.gov/publications/manuals/fulltext/M3110/RPM.pdf. Willard, R., J. Morin, and O. Tang. 2010. Assessment of Alternatives in Vegetation Management at the Edge of Pavement. Washington State Department of Transportation. https://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/736.1.pdf. Wyoming Department of Transportation (WYDOT). 2010. Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction, 2010 edition. https://www.dot.state.wy.us/files/live/sites/wydot/files/shared/Construction/2010%20Standard% 20Specifications/2010%20Standard%20Specifications.pdf.