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Page 87
Suggested Citation:"Glossary." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Managing a Flight Diversion with an Emergency Response at Small, Non-Hub, or General Aviation Airports. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26900.
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Page 87
Page 88
Suggested Citation:"Glossary." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Managing a Flight Diversion with an Emergency Response at Small, Non-Hub, or General Aviation Airports. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26900.
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Page 88
Page 89
Suggested Citation:"Glossary." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Managing a Flight Diversion with an Emergency Response at Small, Non-Hub, or General Aviation Airports. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26900.
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Page 89
Page 90
Suggested Citation:"Glossary." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Managing a Flight Diversion with an Emergency Response at Small, Non-Hub, or General Aviation Airports. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26900.
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Page 90

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87   Agency: A division of government with a specific function offering a particular kind of assistance. Aircraft rescue and firefighting (ARFF): Specialized firefighters, rescuers, procedures, and equipment to deal with aircraft accidents at an airport. Airport emergency plan (AEP): A concise planning document developed by the airport operator that establishes airport operational procedures and responsibilities during various contingencies. Airport security program: A security program approved by TSA. It describes requirements for security programs, including establishing secured areas, air operations areas, security identifica- tion display areas, and access to control systems. ARFF index: The minimum aircraft rescue and firefighting personnel and equipment required for an airport as determined by the length of the longest air carrier aircraft for which there is an average of five or more daily departures. When there are fewer than five average daily departures of the longest air carrier aircraft serving the airport, the Index required by the airport will be the next lower Index group than the Index group prescribed for the longest aircraft. Commercial service airport: See nonprimary commercial service airport. Community: A political entity with the authority to adopt and enforce laws and ordinances for the area under its jurisdiction. In most cases, the community is an incorporated town, city, town- ship, village, or unincorporated area of a county. However, each state defines its own political subdivisions and forms of government. Continuity of business: Practices that provide the focus and guidance for the decisions and actions necessary for a business to prevent, mitigate, prepare for, respond to, resume, recover, restore, and transition from a disruptive (crisis) event in a manner consistent with its strategic objectives. Continuity of operations: An effort within an organization to ensure that its primary mission essential functions continue during a wide range of emergencies, including localized acts of nature, accidents, and technological or attack-related emergencies. Covered air transportation: Scheduled or public charter passenger air transportation provided by an air carrier that operates an aircraft that as originally designed has a passenger capacity of 30 or more seats. Disaster: An occurrence of a natural catastrophe, technological accident, or human-caused event that has resulted in severe property damage, multiple injuries, and/or deaths. Diversion airport: A U.S. DOT term that describes an airport that airlines have defined in their internal plans as those with which they must coordinate their tarmac delay contingency plans. Glossary

88 Managing a Flight Diversion with an Emergency Response at Small, Non-Hub, or General Aviation Airports Diverted flight: A flight operated from the scheduled origin point to a point other than the sched- uled destination point in the carrier’s published schedule. For example, a carrier has a published schedule for a flight from A to B to C. If the carrier were to actually fly an A to C operation, the A to B segment is a diverted flight, and the B to C segment is a canceled flight. (United States DOT definition; 14 CFR § 234.2) Drill: A coordinated, supervised activity usually used to test a single specific operation or function in a single agency. Emergency: Any occasion or instance that warrants action to save lives and to protect property, public health, and safety. Emergency management (EM): The coordination and integration of all activities necessary to build, sustain, and improve the capabilities to prepare for, respond to, recover from, or mitigate against threatened or actual disasters or emergencies, regardless of cause. Emergency operations center (EOC): A protected site from which emergency officials coor- dinate, monitor, and direct response activities during an emergency. Enplanement: The boarding of a revenue passenger at an airport. Exercise: A planned, staged implementation of the critical incident plan to evaluate processes that work and identify those needing improvement. Fixed-base operator: A commercial entity providing aeronautical services such as fueling, maintenance, storage, ground, and flight instruction, etc., to the public. Four-hour tarmac delay rule: A rule issued by the United States DOT that improves the air travel environment for consumers. One key provision of this rule is the requirement of air carriers (both domestic and international) to adopt and adhere to tarmac delay contingency plans. This rule establishes the “4-Hour Rule,” which requires international air carriers to allow passengers to deplane after being out on the tarmac for 4 hours (also see the 3-hour tarmac delay rule). General aviation (GA) airport: An airport that does not meet the criteria for classification as a primary service commercial service airport may be included in the NPIAS as a general aviation airport if they account for enough activity (having usually at least 10 locally based aircraft) and are at least 20 miles from the nearest NPIAS airport. Hub: A commercial service airport that services one or more airlines. Incident: An occurrence other than an accident with the operation of an aircraft, which affects or could affect the safety of operations. Incident command system (ICS): A standardized organizational structure used to command, control, and coordinate the use of resources and personnel that have responded to the scene of an emergency. Incident commander: The individual responsible for all incident activities, including the development of strategies and tactics and the ordering and release of resources. Incident management team (IMT): An Incident Commander and the appropriate Command and General Staff personnel assigned to an incident; the level of training and experience of the IMT members, coupled with the identified formal response requirements and responsibilities of the IMT, are factors in determining “type,” or level, of IMT. Interlocal agreement: A written contract between local government agencies such as a city or county. Any time a public service involves the joint operations and budgets of two or more local government agencies, an interlocal agreement must be drawn up and approved by all parties.

Glossary 89   Interoperability: The ability of systems, personnel, and equipment to provide and receive func- tionality, data, information, and/or services to and from other systems, personnel, and equip- ment, between both public and private agencies, departments, and other organizations, in a manner enabling them to operate effectively together. Irregular operations (IROPS): Those actions taken to adjust for and recover from the impacts of disrupted airline schedules such as aircraft accidents, security incidents, crew absences, mechanical failures, and bad weather. Large hub airport: An airport that accounts for at least 1% of total U.S. passenger enplanements. Mass care: The actions taken to protect evacuees and other disaster victims from the effects of a disaster. Medium hub airport: An airport that accounts for between 0.25% and 1% of total U.S. pas- senger enplanements. Mutual aid: First-response entities (e.g., fire, medical, and law enforcement) that are usually contracted with an airport through interlocal or joint-use agreements or are managed through another department under municipal control. Mutual aid agreement: A written agreement between agencies, organizations, or jurisdictions to lend assistance across jurisdictional boundaries. It agrees to assist by furnishing personnel, equipment, and expertise in a specified manner at the requisite time. National incident management system (NIMS): A systematic, proactive approach guiding government agencies at all levels, the private sector, and nongovernmental organizations to work seamlessly to prepare for, prevent, respond to, recover from, and mitigate the effects of incidents, regardless of cause, size, location, or complexity, to reduce the loss of life and property and reduce harm to the environment. National plan of integrated airport systems (NPIAS): A national airport plan prepared by the FAA in accordance with Section 47103 of Title 49 of the United States Code; the plan includes primary and commercial service airports, all general aviation airports designated as reliever airports by the FAA and selected general aviation airports. Network partners: Agencies and organizations that provide personnel, equipment, and expertise under a predetermined plan. Non-hub (NH) primary airport: An airport that enplanes less than 0.05% of all commercial passenger enplanements but has more than 10,000 annual enplanements. Nonprimary commercial service airport: A public airport receiving scheduled passenger service and having 2,500 or more enplaned passengers per year but fewer than 10,000 annual passenger enplanements. Non-station airline: An airline that does not operate from an airport. Part 139 airport: An airport that serves scheduled and unscheduled air carrier aircraft with more than 30 seats, serves scheduled air carrier operations in aircraft with more than 9 seats but less than 31 seats, and that the FAA Administrator requires to have a certificate for operation. Primary airport: Public airports that receive scheduled passenger service and have more than 10,000 annual passenger enplanements. Reliever airport: A high-capacity general aviation airport in a major metropolitan area; such airports must have 100 or more based aircraft or 25,000 annual itinerant operations; the FAA officially designates reliever airports.

90 Managing a Flight Diversion with an Emergency Response at Small, Non-Hub, or General Aviation Airports Small hub (SH) airport: An airport that enplanes 0.05% to 0.25% of total U.S. passenger enplanements. Tabletop exercise: An activity that involves key personnel discussing simulated scenarios in an informal setting. This type of exercise can be used to assess plans, policies, and procedures; or to assess the systems needed to guide the prevention of, response to, and recovery from a defined incident. Tabletop exercises typically are aimed at facilitating understanding of con- cepts, identifying strengths and shortfalls, and achieving changes in attitude. Participants are encouraged to discuss issues in depth and develop decisions through slow-paced problem solving, rather than the rapid, spontaneous decision-making that occurs under actual or simulated emergency conditions. Technical stop: A stop commonly used to refuel the aircraft or to make unexpected essential repairs. No traffic is unloaded or loaded during a technical stop. Three-hour tarmac delay rule: A rule issued by the United States DOT that improves the air travel environment for consumers. One key provision of this rule is the requirement of air carriers (both domestic and international) to adopt and adhere to tarmac delay contingency plans. This rule establishes the “3-Hour Rule,” which requires domestic air carriers to allow passengers to deplane after being out on the tarmac for 3 hours (also see 4-hour tarmac delay rule). Unified command: The unified command organization operating within NIMS consists of the Incident Commanders from various jurisdictions or organizations operating together to form a single command structure.

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Unexpected flight diversions may impact airport operations from routine to emergency incidents.

The TRB Airport Cooperative Research Program's ACRP Synthesis 121: Managing a Flight Diversion with an Emergency Response at Small, Non-Hub, or General Aviation Airports compiles practices that small, non-hub, and general aviation airports use when planning for and responding to flight diversions that involve an incident or an emergency.

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