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Suggested Citation:"Chapter 5 References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Update of Highway Capacity Manual: Merge, Diverge, and Weaving Methodologies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27044.
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Suggested Citation:"Chapter 5 References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Update of Highway Capacity Manual: Merge, Diverge, and Weaving Methodologies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27044.
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Suggested Citation:"Chapter 5 References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Update of Highway Capacity Manual: Merge, Diverge, and Weaving Methodologies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27044.
×
Page 117
Page 118
Suggested Citation:"Chapter 5 References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Update of Highway Capacity Manual: Merge, Diverge, and Weaving Methodologies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27044.
×
Page 118
Page 119
Suggested Citation:"Chapter 5 References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Update of Highway Capacity Manual: Merge, Diverge, and Weaving Methodologies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27044.
×
Page 119
Page 120
Suggested Citation:"Chapter 5 References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Update of Highway Capacity Manual: Merge, Diverge, and Weaving Methodologies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27044.
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115   Ahmed, I., D. Xu, N. Rouphail, and A. Karr. 2019. Lane Change Rates at Freeway Weaving Sites: Trends in HCM6 and from NGSIM Trajectories. Paper 19-05033. Presented at the 98th Annual Meeting of the Trans- portation Research Board, Washington, DC. Aksoy, G., and K.S. Öğüt. 2018. Change of Upstream and On-Ramp Flows at Capacity Level on İstanbul Freeway Merges Without Ramp Metering. Paper 18-04881. Presented at the 97th Annual Meeting of the Transporta- tion Research Board, Washington, DC. Asgharzadeh, M., and A. Kondyli. 2018. Comparison of Highway Capacity Estimation Methods. Paper 18-03976. Presented at the 97th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC. Bates, J., I. Black, C. Drury, J. Fearon, C. Gilliam, and E. Strankalis. 2013. Modelling Flow Breakdown at Merges on Congested Motorways. Presented at the European Transport Conference 2013, Frankfurt, Germany. Calvert, C., and M.M. Minderhoud. 2012. Generic Freeway Weaving Section Capacity Estimation Through Microsimulation. Paper 12-1026. Presented at the 91st Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC. Chen, D., and S. Ahn. 2018. “Capacity-Drop at Extended Bottlenecks: Merge, Diverge, and Weave.” Transporta- tion Research Part B: Methodological, Vol. 108, pp. 1−20. Chilukuri, B.R., J.A. Laval, and D. Chen. 2013. Some Traffic Features During On-Ramp Queue Flush. Paper 13-0987. Presented at the 92nd Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC. Daamen, W., M. Loot, and S.P. Hoogendoorn. 2010. “Empirical Analysis of Merging Behavior at Freeway On-Ramp.” Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2188, pp. 108−118. Deganzo, C. 1995. “The Cell Transmission Model, Part II: Network Traffic.” Transportation Research Part B, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp. 79−93. Dehman, A., and A. Drakopoulos. 2013. Impact of Ramp and Mainline Flow Mix on Freeway Breakdown and Capacity Characteristics. Paper 13-0388. Presented at the 92nd Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC. Dehman, A., and A. Drakopoulos. 2016. “Revisiting Merge-Influence Area Empirically: Operations Inside Recurrent Freeway Bottlenecks.” Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2553, pp. 52−62. Deng, H., and H.M. Zhang. 2015. Traffic Flow Dynamics Considering Merging Location Choice. Paper 15-3603. Presented at the 94th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC. Dowling, R., P. Ryus, B. Schroeder, M. Kyte, F.T. Creasey, N. Rouphail, A. Hajbabaie, and D. Rhoades. 2016. NCHRP Report 825: Planning and Preliminary Engineering Applications Guide to the Highway Capacity Manual. Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC. Duan, H., P. Liu, Z. Zhibin, and L. Zha. 2013. Evaluating the Effects of Different Control Strategies on Traffic Operations at Isolated Merge Bottlenecks. In Proceedings of the 13th COTA International Conference of Transportation Professionals (L. Zhang, H. Wei, Z. Li, and Y. Zhang, eds.), Shenzen, China, pp. 243−254. Dutch Ministry of Infrastructure. 2015. Capaciteitswaarden Infrastructuur Autosnelwegen [Capacity values for motorway infrastructure]. Handbook, Version 4. Dutch Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Manage- ment, Utrecht, Netherlands. Elefteriadou, L., A. Kondyli, W. Brilon, F.L. Hall, B. Persaud, and S.S. Washburn. 2011. Ramp Metering Enhance- ments for Postponing Freeway-Flow Breakdown. Paper 11-3082. Presented at the 90th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC. Elefteriadou, L., A. Kondyli, and B. St. George. 2014. Estimation of Capacities on Florida Freeways. Final report, contract FDOT-BDV32-977-03. Florida Department of Transportation, Tallahassee, FL. C H A P T E R 5 References

116 Update of Highway Capacity Manual : Merge, Diverge, and Weaving Methodologies Geistefeldt, J. 2007. Verkehrsablauf und Verkehrssicherheit auf Autobahnen mit vierstreifigen Richtungsfahrbahnen [Traffic flow and traffic safety of freeways with four directional travel lanes]. Dissertation (in German). Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany. https://hss-opus.ub.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/opus4/frontdoor/deliver/ index/docId/23/file/diss.pdf. Han, Y., and S. Ahn. 2018. “Stochastic Modeling of Breakdown at Freeway Merge Bottleneck and Traffic Control Method Using Connected Automated Vehicle.” Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Vol. 107, 146−166. He, H., and M. Menendez. 2016. Distribution and Impacts of Lane Changes at a Freeway Weaving Section: An Empirical Study. Paper 16-4923. Presented at the 95th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC. Heikoop, H., and N. Henkens. 2016. “Recent Developments and History of the Dutch HCM.” Transportation Research Procedia. 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Driver Behavior at Freeway−Ramp Merging Areas Based on Instru- mented Vehicle Observations. Paper 10-0624. Presented at the 89th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC. Kondyli, A., P. Gubbala, and L. Elefteriadou. 2016. The Contribution of Ramp Demand in the Capacity of Merge Bottleneck Locations. In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Enhancing Highway Performance (ISEHP) (K. Lemke, J. Geistefeldt, and J. Jajko-Schlichter, eds.), Berlin, Germany, pp. 346−355. Kong, D., X. Guo, X. Xu, and J. Hou. 2015. Analysis of Late Merge Control at Freeway On-Ramp Based on Microscopic Simulation. In Proceedings of the 15th COTA International Conference of Transportation Pro- fessionals, Beijing, China, pp. 2050−2061. Kusuma, A., R. Liu, C. Choudhury, and F. Montgomery. 2015. Lane-Changing Characteristics at Weaving Section. Paper 15-4955. Presented at the 94th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC. Leclercq, L., J.A. Laval, and N. Chiabaut. 2011. Capacity Drops at Merges: An Endogenous Model. In Proceedings of the 19th International Symposium on Transportation and Traffic Theory (M.J. Cassidy and A. Skabardonis, eds.), Berkeley, CA. Leclercq, L., F. Marczak, V.L. Knoop, and S.P. Hoogendoorn. 2016. “Capacity Drops at Merges: Analytical Expressions for Multilane Freeways.” Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2560, pp. 1−9. Lee, J., and M.J. Cassidy. 2009. An Empirical and Theoretical Study of Freeway Weave Bottlenecks. California PATH Research Report UCB-ITS-PRR-2009-13. University of California, Berkeley. Li, D., and P. Ranjitkar. 2013. Performance Evaluation of Ramp Metering Algorithms Combined with Variable Speed Limits for Auckland Motorway. Paper 13-4995. Presented at the 92nd Annual Meeting of the Trans- portation Research Board, Washington, DC. Li, Z., P. Liu, C. Xu, and W. Wang. 2018. “Development of Analytical Procedure for Selection of Control Mea- sures to Reduce Congestions at Various Freeway Bottlenecks.” Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems, Vol. 22, No. 1, pp. 65−85. Lwambagaza, L., T. Sando, E. Mtoi, E.E. Ozguven, and J.O. Sobanjo. 2017. “Age-Based Simulation of Merging Behavior at Freeway Merging Ramps.” Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2663, pp. 57−66. Marczak, F., W. Daamen, and C. Buisson. 2014. Empirical Analysis of Lane Changing Behavior at a Freeway Weaving Section. Paper 14-1097. Presented at the 93rd Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC. Marczak, F., L. Leclercq and C. Buisson. 2015. “A Macroscopic Model for Freeway Weaving Sections.” Computer- Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, Vol. 30, No. 6, pp. 464−477. Morris, B., S. Notley, K. Boddington, and T. Rees. 2011. External Factors Affecting Motorway Capacity. 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References 117   Nygaard, B. 1995. “Signing And Regulation Made More Simple by Use of Traffic Zones. Results from a Compre- hensive Internordic Research Project.” VTI Conference 2A:4, 55–58. Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI), Linköping, Sweden. Oregon DOT (Oregon Department of Transportation). 2019. Appendix 11A, Determining Free-Flow Speed. In Analysis Procedures Manual, Version 2, Sept. 2019. Transportation Planning Analysis Unit, Salem. Pan, T.L., W.H.K. Lam, A. Sumalee, and R.X. Zhong. 2016. “Modeling the Impacts of Mandatory and Discretionary Lane-Changing Maneuvers.” Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, Vol. 68, pp. 403−424. Pesti, G., C-L. Chu, K. Fitzpatrick, R.J. Porter, and T.Q. Le. 2011. Simulation of Weaving Traffic Between Free- way Ramps. Paper 11-3084. Presented at the 90th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC. Qi, Y., Y. Wang, X.S. Chen, R.L. Cheu, L. Yu, and H. 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Khazraeian. 2015. Flow Allocation at Congested Freeway Ramp Merges. Paper 15-4699. Presented at the 94th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC. Rudjanakanoknad, J., and C. Akaravorakulchai. 2011. Mechanism of a Freeway Weaving Section as Typical Traffic Bottleneck. Paper 11-0747. Presented at the 90th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC. Sarvi, M., A. Zavabeti, and O. Ejtemai. 2011. Modelling Freeway Weaving Manoeuvre. Presented at the 34th Australasian Transport Research Forum, Adelaide, Australia. Sasahara, F., L. Elefteriadou, and S. Dong. 2019. A Lane-by-lane Analysis Framework for Conducting Highway Capacity Analyses at Freeway Segments. Paper 19-03250. Presented at the 98th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC. Shen, J., W. Li, F. Qiu, and S. Zheng. 2015. “Capacity of Freeway Merge Areas with Different On-Ramp Traffic Flow.” Promet—Traffic & Transportation, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp. 227−235. 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118 Update of Highway Capacity Manual : Merge, Diverge, and Weaving Methodologies Wang, L., and X. Yang. 2012. New Controlling Methods for Alleviating Recurrent Congestion on Freeway Merge Area. In Proceedings of the 12th COTA International Conference of Transportation Professionals, Beijing, China, pp. 1035−1043. Wang, X., Y. Luo, T.Z. Qiu, and X. Yan. 2014. Capacity Estimation for Weaving Segments Using a Lane-Changing Model. Paper 14-1555. Presented at the 93rd Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC. Wang, Y., R.L. Cheu, Y. Qi, and X. Chen. 2014. Operational Impacts of Auxiliary Lanes at Freeway Weaving Segments. Paper 14-0681. Presented at the 93rd Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC. Wang, Y., W. Ma, K.C. Henrickson, Y. Wang, and X. Yang. 2015. “Dynamic Lane Assignment Approach for Freeway Weaving Segment Operation.” Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2484, pp. 39−49. Wang, Y., Y. Zou, K. Henrickson, Y. Wang, J. Tang, and B-J. Park. 2017. “Google Earth Elevation Data Extrac- tion and Accuracy Assessment for Transportation Applications.” PLOS ONE, Vol. 12, No. 4, e0175756. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0175756. Wu, N., and K. Lemke. 2016. The New Procedures for Diverge, Merge, and Small Weaving Segments in the New Version of German Highway Capacity Manual (HBS2015). In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Enhancing Highway Performance (ISEHP), Berlin Germany, pp. 366−377. Xu, D., N.M. Rouphail, B. Aghdashi, I. Ahmed, and L. Elefteriadou. 2020. Modeling Framework for Capacity of Freeway Segments: Application to Ramp Weaves. Submitted for presentation at the 99th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC. Yousif, S., and J. Al-Obaedi. 2011. Modeling Factors Influencing the Capacity of Motorway Merge Actions Controlled by Ramp Metering. In Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Highway Capacity, Stockholm, Sweden, pp. 172−183. Zhang, H., Z. Li, P. Liu, C. Xu, and H. Yu. 2013. Control Strategy of Variable Speed Limits for Improving Traffic Efficiency at Merge Bottleneck on Freeway. In Proceedings of the 13th COTA International Conference of Transportation Professionals, Shenzen, China, pp. 2011−2023. Zhao, J., J. Bao, P. Ouyang, and C. Xu. 2019. Evaluating the Impacts of the Road Marking Line Design on the Weaving Capacity in the Urban Area. Paper 19-03864. Presented at the 98th Annual Meeting of the Trans- portation Research Board, Washington, DC. Zhou, C., J. Rong, S. Wang, and X. Feng. 2015. An Assessment Research on the Predicted Model of Weaving Speed in the 2010 HCM. Paper 15-3744. Presented at the 94th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC. Zhou, J., L. Rilett, and E. Jones. 2019a. A Sensitivity Analysis of Speed Limit, Truck Lane Restrictions, and Data Aggregation Level on the HCM-6 PCE Estimation Methodology for Western U.S. Conditions. Paper 19-02463. Presented at the 98th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC. Zhou, J., L. Rilett, and E. Jones. 2019b. Estimating Passenger Car Equivalent Using the HCM-6 PCE Methodology on Four-Lane Level Freeway Segments in Western U.S. Paper 19-06093. Presented at the 98th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC.

Abbreviations and acronyms used without de nitions in TRB publications: A4A Airlines for America AAAE American Association of Airport Executives AASHO American Association of State Highway Officials AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials ACI–NA Airports Council International–North America ACRP Airport Cooperative Research Program ADA Americans with Disabilities Act APTA American Public Transportation Association ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials ATA American Trucking Associations CTAA Community Transportation Association of America CTBSSP Commercial Truck and Bus Safety Synthesis Program DHS Department of Homeland Security DOE Department of Energy EPA Environmental Protection Agency FAA Federal Aviation Administration FAST Fixing America’s Surface Transportation Act (2015) FHWA Federal Highway Administration FMCSA Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration FRA Federal Railroad Administration FTA Federal Transit Administration GHSA Governors Highway Safety Association HMCRP Hazardous Materials Cooperative Research Program IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ISTEA Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 ITE Institute of Transportation Engineers MAP-21 Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (2012) NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASAO National Association of State Aviation Officials NCFRP National Cooperative Freight Research Program NCHRP National Cooperative Highway Research Program NHTSA National Highway Traffic Safety Administration NTSB National Transportation Safety Board PHMSA Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration RITA Research and Innovative Technology Administration SAE Society of Automotive Engineers SAFETEA-LU Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (2005) TCRP Transit Cooperative Research Program TEA-21 Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (1998) TRB Transportation Research Board TSA Transportation Security Administration U.S. DOT United States Department of Transportation

Transportation Research Board 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001 ADDRESS SERVICE REQUESTED ISBN 978-0-309-69852-8 9 7 8 0 3 0 9 6 9 8 5 2 8 9 0 0 0 0 N C H RP Research Report 1038 U pdate of H ighw ay Capacity M anual: M erge, D iverge, and W eaving M ethodologies

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Freeway congestion usually occurs at freeway merge, diverge, and weaving segments that have the potential to develop bottlenecks. To alleviate or mitigate the impacts of congestion at these segments, a number of active management operational strategies have been implemented such as ramp metering, hard shoulder running, managed lanes, and others.

The TRB National Cooperative Highway Research Program's NCHRP Research Report 1038: Update of Highway Capacity Manual: Merge, Diverge, and Weaving Methodologies develops methodologies to update the HCM related to merge, diverge, and weaving methodologies and pilots the developed methodologies to demonstrate the full range of applicability of the proposed updates to the HCM.

Supplemental to the report are NCHRP Web-Only Document 343: Traffic Modeling Document; proposed revisions to Chapters 13, 14, 27, and 28 of the HCM; a presentation summarizing the research; and spreadsheet-based computational engines implementing the proposed methods.

See also: Highway Capacity Manual 7th Edition (2022).

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