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2023 A I R P O R T C O O P E R A T I V E R E S E A R C H P R O G R A M ACRP RESEARCH REPORT 250 Research sponsored by the Federal Aviation Administration Subscriber Categories Aviation Program Evaluation Report Card Tool for Wildlife Hazard Management Plans USER GUIDE Mead & Hunt, Inc. Sacramento, CA Blue Wing Environmental Odessa, FL Applied Research Associates Egg Harbor Township, NJ SES Environmental Resource Solutions Jacksonville, FL
AIRPORT COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAM Airports are vital national resources. They serve a key role in transpor- tation of people and goods and in regional, national, and international commerce. They are where the nationâs aviation system connects with other modes of transportation and where federal responsibility for man- aging and regulating air traffic operations intersects with the role of state and local governments that own and operate most airports. Research is necessary to solve common operating problems, to adapt appropriate new technologies from other industries, and to introduce innovations into the airport industry. The Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) serves as one of the principal means by which the airport industry can develop innovative near-term solutions to meet demands placed on it. The need for ACRP was identified in TRB Special Report 272: Airport Research Needs: Cooperative Solutions in 2003, based on a study spon- sored by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). ACRP carries out applied research on problems that are shared by airport operating agen- cies and not being adequately addressed by existing federal research pro- grams. ACRP is modeled after the successful National Cooperative High- way Research Program (NCHRP) and Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP). ACRP undertakes research and other technical activi- ties in various airport subject areas, including design, construction, legal, maintenance, operations, safety, policy, planning, human resources, and administration. ACRP provides a forum where airport operators can cooperatively address common operational problems. ACRP was authorized in December 2003 as part of the Vision 100â Century of Aviation Reauthorization Act. The primary participants in the ACRP are (1) an independent governing board, the ACRP Oversight Committee (AOC), appointed by the Secretary of the U.S. Department of Transportation with representation from airport operating agencies, other stakeholders, and relevant industry organizations such as the Airports Council International-North America (ACI-NA), the American Associa- tion of Airport Executives (AAAE), the National Association of State Aviation Officials (NASAO), Airlines for America (A4A), and the Airport Consultants Council (ACC) as vital links to the airport community; (2) TRB as program manager and secretariat for the governing board; and (3) the FAA as program sponsor. In October 2005, the FAA executed a contract with the National Academy of Sciences formally initiating the program. ACRP benefits from the cooperation and participation of airport professionals, air carriers, shippers, state and local government officials, equipment and service suppliers, other airport users, and research organi- zations. Each of these participants has different interests and responsibili- ties, and each is an integral part of this cooperative research effort. Research problem statements for ACRP are solicited periodically but may be submitted to TRB by anyone at any time. It is the responsibility of the AOC to formulate the research program by identifying the highest priority projects and defining funding levels and expected products. Once selected, each ACRP project is assigned to an expert panel appointed by TRB. Panels include experienced practitioners and research specialists; heavy emphasis is placed on including airport professionals, the intended users of the research products. The panels prepare project statements (requests for proposals), select contractors, and provide technical guidance and counsel throughout the life of the project. The process for developing research problem statements and selecting research agencies has been used by TRB in managing coop- erative research programs since 1962. As in other TRB activities, ACRP project panels serve voluntarily without compensation. Primary emphasis is placed on disseminating ACRP results to the intended users of the research: airport operating agencies, service pro- viders, and academic institutions. ACRP produces a series of research reports for use by airport operators, local agencies, the FAA, and other interested parties; industry associations may arrange for workshops, training aids, field visits, webinars, and other activities to ensure that results are implemented by airport industry practitioners. ACRP RESEARCH REPORT 250 Project 10-30 ISSN 2572-3731 (Print) ISSN 2572-374X (Online) ISBN 978-0-309-69856-6 Library of Congress Control Number 2023936182 © 2023 by the National Academy of Sciences. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and the graphical logo are trade- marks of the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. COPYRIGHT INFORMATION Authors herein are responsible for the authenticity of their materials and for obtaining written permissions from publishers or persons who own the copyright to any previously published or copyrighted material used herein. Cooperative Research Programs (CRP) grants permission to reproduce material in this publication for classroom and not-for-profit purposes. Permission is given with the understanding that none of the material will be used to imply TRB, AASHTO, APTA, FAA, FHWA, FTA, GHSA, or NHTSA endorsement of a particular product, method, or practice. It is expected that those reproducing the material in this document for educational and not-for-profit uses will give appropriate acknowledgment of the source of any reprinted or reproduced material. For other uses of the material, request permission from CRP. NOTICE The research report was reviewed by the technical panel and accepted for publication according to procedures established and overseen by the Transportation Research Board and approved by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. The opinions and conclusions expressed or implied in this report are those of the researchers who performed the research and are not necessarily those of the Transporta- tion Research Board; the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; or the program sponsors. The Transportation Research Board does not develop, issue, or publish standards or spec- ifications. The Transportation Research Board manages applied research projects which provide the scientific foundation that may be used by Transportation Research Board sponsors, industry associations, or other organizations as the basis for revised practices, procedures, or specifications. The Transportation Research Board; the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; and the sponsors of the Airport Cooperative Research Program do not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade or manufacturersâ names or logos appear herein solely because they are considered essential to the object of the report. Published research reports of the AIRPORT COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAM are available from Transportation Research Board Business Office 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001 and can be ordered through the Internet by going to https://www.mytrb.org/MyTRB/Store/default.aspx Printed in the United States of America
e National Academy of Sciences was established in 1863 by an Act of Congress, signed by President Lincoln, as a private, non- governmental institution to advise the nation on issues related to science and technology. Members are elected by their peers for outstanding contributions to research. Dr. Marcia McNutt is president. e National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964 under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences to bring the practices of engineering to advising the nation. Members are elected by their peers for extraordinary contributions to engineering. Dr. John L. Anderson is president. e National Academy of Medicine (formerly the Institute of Medicine) was established in 1970 under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences to advise the nation on medical and health issues. Members are elected by their peers for distinguished contributions to medicine and health. Dr. Victor J. Dzau is president. e three Academies work together as the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to provide independent, objective analysis and advice to the nation and conduct other activities to solve complex problems and inform public policy decisions. e National Academies also encourage education and research, recognize outstanding contributions to knowledge, and increase public understanding in matters of science, engineering, and medicine. Learn more about the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine at www.nationalacademies.org. e Transportation Research Board is one of seven major programs of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. e mission of the Transportation Research Board is to provide leadership in transportation improvements and innovation through trusted, timely, impartial, and evidence-based information exchange, research, and advice regarding all modes of transportation. e Boardâs varied activities annually engage about 8,000 engineers, scientists, and other transportation researchers and practitioners from the public and private sectors and academia, all of whom contribute their expertise in the public interest. e program is supported by state transportation departments, federal agencies including the component administrations of the U.S. Department of Transportation, and other organizations and individuals interested in the development of transportation. Learn more about the Transportation Research Board at www.TRB.org.
C O O P E R A T I V E R E S E A R C H P R O G R A M S CRP STAFF FOR ACRP RESEARCH REPORT 250 Christopher J. Hedges, Director, Cooperative Research Programs Waseem Dekelbab, Deputy Director, Cooperative Research Programs Marci A. Greenberger, Manager, Airport Cooperative Research Program Brittany Summerlin-Azeez, Program Coordinator Natalie Barnes, Director of Publications Heather DiAngelis, Associate Director of Publications Margaret B. Hagood, Senior Editor ACRP PROJECT 10-30 PANEL Field of Operations Laura C. Francoeur, Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, Jamaica, NY (Chair) Kevin R. Carlson, Minnesota Department of Transportation, St. Paul, MN Angelo K. Grant, Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority, Washington, DC Trent Holder, Jviation, A Woolpert Company, Glendale, CO Rachel Mosier, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK Philip A. Ralston, Port of Portland (retired), Portland, OR John Weller, FAA Liaison
ACRP Research Report 250: Program Evaluation Report Card Tool for Wildlife Hazard Management Plans: User Guide helps airport operators use the Wildlife Hazard Manage- ment Plan/Program Evaluation Report Card Tool or PERC Tool to evaluate the effectiveness of their wildlife hazard management plan (WHMP). The PERC Tool generates a report card for areas of improvement to the airportâs WHMP. Those responsible for complying with Federal Aviation Regulation (FAR) Part 139, 337, Wildlife Hazard Management may benefit from using the tool. Guidance exists for airports to evaluate their WHMPs and programs. What has been missing are the metrics that airports can use to determine success and identify areas for risk reduction. Reducing the number of wildlife strikes alone may not adequately characterize an airportâs effectiveness at reducing risks to aviation, human health, and safety and improving sustainability through policies and practices. The development of metrics and key performance indicators (KPIs) will help airport operators consider risk mitigation, sustainability, operational impacts, and safety to evaluate their WHMP. Mead & Hunt was selected to conduct the research for ACRP Project 10-30 and develop a tool that can be used by airports of all sizes. Airports across the country and regulators provided the necessary information that enabled the research team to develop the PERC Tool. The PERC Tool is available on the National Academies Press website (nap.nationalacademies .org) by searching for ACRP Research Report 250: Program Evaluation Report Card Tool for Wildlife Hazard Management Plans: User Guide. Users of the tool will be able to quickly identify where they need to consider improvements and identify trends through the color- coded results that are generated. F O R E W O R D By Marci A. Greenberger Staff Officer Transportation Research Board
AUTHOR ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The research in support of ACRP Project 10-30, âEvaluating the Effectiveness of an Airportâs Wildlife Hazard Management Program,â was conducted through a collaborative effort by project team members from four consulting firms. Mead & Hunt, Inc. (Mead & Hunt) served as the prime consultant. Lisa Harmon, a Senior Aviation/Environmental Consultant with Mead & Hunt served as the Principal Investigator. Sarah Brammell, Senior Ecologist/President of Blue Wing Environmental, served as Deputy Principal Investigator. Project contributors included Marieke Armstrong, Project Manager, and Krista Robertson, Technical Editor, of Mead & Hunt; Alison Doran, Environmental Scientist/FAA Qualified Airport Wildlife Biologist, and Walter Esser, Senior Environmental Scientist/FAA Qualified Airport Wildlife Biologist, of Environ- mental Resource Solutions. Technical support for PERC Tool development was provided by Eric Plyler, Principal Program Manager, Marti Denis, Senior Software Developer Team Lead, and David Ross, Software Engineer, of Applied Research Associates. The project team would like to express its gratitude to the numerous airport representatives and prac- titioners who contributed to the research through case study interviews, testing of the Wildlife Hazard Management Plan/Program Evaluation Report Card Tool (PERC Tool), or by providing industry expertise: ⢠Nick Atwell, Natural Resources Senior Manager, Port of Portland, OR ⢠Trent Ballard, Airport Manager, Arlington Municipal Airport, TX ⢠John Barsalou, Manager Crater Lake Regional â Klamath Falls Airport/Kingsley Field, OR ⢠David Castaneda, Airport Wildlife Supervisor, Charlotte Douglas International Airport, NC ⢠Michael Crane, Operations Manager, Bob Hope/Hollywood-Burbank Airport, CA ⢠Greg Cullen, Director, Southern Wisconsin Regional Airport, WI ⢠Richard Dolbeer, PhD, Science Adviser, Airport Wildlife Hazards Program, U.S. Department of Agri- culture, Wildlife Services, DC ⢠Dan Jensen, Manager, Gnoss Field/Marin County Airport, CA ⢠Megan Jordan, Operations Specialist, Cecil Airport/Cecil Spaceport, FL ⢠Jeffrey Kolodzinski, Senior Wildlife Biologist, Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, NY ⢠Troy Levanen, Maintenance Safety Manager. Alaska Air Group, WA ⢠Isabel Metz, PhD, German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany ⢠Pierre Molina, President, Falcon Environmental, Saint-Lazare, QC, Canada ⢠Hunter Moyles, FAA Qualified Airport Wildlife Biologist and Contractor to the Air National Guard. Klamath Falls Airport/Kingsley Field, OR ⢠Steve Osmek, Aviation Wildlife Biologist Seattle-Tacoma International Airport, WA ⢠John Ostrom, Manager, Airside Operations, Metropolitan Airports Commission, MN ⢠Michael Stevens, Title +1 Dane County Regional Airport (MSN), WI ⢠David Warfel, Head of Aviation North America, Allianz Global, NY ⢠Mike Wilson, Metropolitan Airports Commission, St. Paul Downtown Airport, MN ⢠Henri Woods, Biologist, USDA at General Mitchell International Airport, WI ⢠Lowell Wright, Noise Abatement and Environmental Officer, Dane County Regional Airport, WI The project team also extends its gratitude to the dozens of people from regulatory agencies, airports, and practitioners who participated in focus group discussions. Your generosity, support, and insights estab- lished a firm foundation for subsequent research and Tool development.
Note: Photographs, figures, and tables in this report may have been converted from color to grayscale for printing. The electronic version of the report (posted on the web at nap.nationalacademies.org) retains the color versions. 1 Summary 4 Chapter 1 Introduction 4 Problem Statement 4 Wildlife Hazard Management Regulations and Background 8 PERC Tool Framework 10 Chapter 2 Using the PERC Tool 10 Before Using the PERC Tool 10 Instruction Formats 12 Download the PERC Tool 14 Chapter 3 Data Entry: Step-by-Step 15 Airport Information 18 Part 1 - Title 14 CFR Part 139 Compliance/Non-Part 139 Airport BMPs 21 Part 2 - WHMP/Program Implementation Measures (Recommendations) 23 Part 3 - Strike Data 28 Part 4 - High-Risk/Priority Species and Risk Assessment 31 Part 5 - Equipment and Resources 33 Part 6 - Staff Training 34 Part 7 - Managing Off-Site Wildlife Attractants 36 Part 8 - Outreach and Education 38 Part 9 - Observations, Events, and Conditions 39 Output Summary 39 Communicating Evaluation Results 41 Chapter 4 Additional Resources for Program Improvement 41 Available Resources 41 Risk Assessment and WHMP/Program Evaluation 46 References 47 Bibliography 51 List of Abbreviations and Acronyms 52 Appendix A Tool Input and Tool Output 59 Appendix B Research Summary, Findings, and Application C O N T E N T S