Memoir: Upon the Formation of a Deaf Variety of the Human Race (1883)

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A. r> I> E D IX. 1. Tables A to M give an analysis of 3,726 cases of deaf mutes from the American Asylum and Illinois Institution. For this analysis I am indebted to Mr. Franck Z. Magnire, of Wash- ington, D . C ; and I have personally verified his results. The relation of the tables to one another will be understood from the following classification: Classification of Tables A to K. Whose deafness was stated to be co«9emtal's R<'corded to have deaf-mute relatives (see (see Table B) ) p Recorded as sporadic eases (see Table F ) Total number of pupils of the ( Whose deaftess was statefltohevon-covgeA ^""-^^J^llfJ" l^^ve deaf-mute relatives (see American Asylum and Ilh-^ nois Institution (see Table ital (see Table C). ^ Recorded as sporadic cases (see Table H i A). ~, , , a i > ^ ,( Recorded to have deaf-mute relatives (see The cause of whose deafness was not eiated) rpj^^j^jg ^ , (see Table D) ^ Recorded as sporadic cases (see Table J ) - Table A gives the summation of Tables B , 0, and D . Table B gives the summation of Tables E and F . Table C gives the summation of Tables G and H . Table D gives the summation of Tables I and J . I n Table K the non-con gem tally deaf pupils are classified according to period of birth and according to period when deafness occurred. I n Table L the non-congenitally deaf pupils of the American Asylum are classified according to the period when hearing was lost, and according to the diseases that caused deafness. I n Table M the nou congenitally deaf pupils of the Ilhnois Institution are classified according to the period when hearing was lost, and according to the diseases that caused deafness. 2. Tables N, O, P, Q relate to the Tenth Census of the United States (1880), and give the results of an analysis of 22,472 cases of deaf-mutes from the census returns. (See communication by the E e v . Fred, D . Wines upon the 1880 census of the deaf and dumb; proceedings of the 10th convention of American instructors of the deaf and dumb, Jacksonville, HI., August, 1882, pp. 122-128, published with the 2l8t biennial report of the Ilbnois Institution for the Deaf and Dumb.) Table gives an analysis of 22,472 cases of deaf-mutes living June 1,1880, showing the number who became deaf each year since the year 1770. Table O shows the number of these deaf-mutes who became deaf each year since 1873, sepa- rating the congenital from the non-congenital cases. Table P classifies the 22,472 cases by periods of five years and reduces the number who became deaf m each quinquennial period to a percentage of the whole on a basis of 10,000 cases in all. Table Q classifies the 22,472 cases by periods of five years and separates the congenital from the non-congenital cases. 3. Table R shows the number of deaf-mutes m the United States living June 1,1880, arranged according to race and sex and according to cause of deafness. The materials for this table have 99 A — B E L L 7 49 

50 MEMOIES O F T H E NATIONAL A C A D E M Y O F SCIENCES. been furnished in advance of the pubhcation of the census returns by the courtesy of General Seaton, General Superintendent of the Census. (See "Science," vol. ui, p. 244; and "American Annals of the Ueaf and Dumb," vol. xxix p, 160.) 4. Table S shows (a) the number of schools and institutions for the education of the deaf and dumb in the United States, 1883; (b) the date of opening of each institution; (c) the number of deaf children under instruction, 1883; and (J), the total number of pnpils that have been received into the institutions. These particulars have been obtained from the "American Annals of the Deaf and Dumb," vol. xxix, pp. 90-94. The table also shows (e) the number of deaf children whose parents were deaf-mutes who have been received into the institutions. These particulars have been received directly from the principals or superintendents of the institutions and schools in answer to a circular-letter of inquiry. The total number of such pupils cannot be ascertained from the table as some of the institutions have not yet made returns. 5. Table T gives an analysis of 215 cases of deaf-mutes whose parents were deaf. 6. I n Table U the total population of the country, the congenitally deaf population, and the deaf mutes who have both parents deaf, are classified according to their period of birth, and the number of persons born in each period has been reduced to a percentage of the whole. 7. Table V contains a tabular statement of the institutions of the world in 1882, showing the methods of instruction employed. This Table^is taken from the "American Annals of the Deaf and Dumb," for January, 1883, vol. xxviii, p. 61. 8. Table W gives a list of those pupils of our institutions for the deaf and dumb who are stated to have deaf parents. The information has been obtained directly from the principals and super- intendents of the institutions in answer to a letter of inquiry. 9. Table X shows the per capita cost of the education of a deaf child in an American institu- tion. This table was prepared by the principal of the Illinois Institution from materials published in the American Aunals of the Deaf and Dumb, and from other materials privately collected and published m the Twenty-first Biennial Report of the Illinois Institution (1882), pp. 16-17. 10. Table T contains a tabular statement concerning the teaching of articulation in the insti- tutions of the United States in May, 1883. The information was obtained by the principal of the Clarke Institution, Northampton, Mass., directly from the principals of the other institutions in reply to a circular of inquiry. See Appendix B , Sixteenth Annual Eeport of the Clarke Institu- tion for Deaf Mutes, September 1, 1883. 11. Appendix Z contains an examination of the marriages of the pupils of the American Asy- lum and Illinois Institution by the light of the theory of Probabilities, with the object of determin- ing approximately the proportion of the congenitally deaf who marry congenital deaf-mutes. This investigation has been kindly undertaken by Prof. Simon Newcomb, to whom I am indebted for the results obtained. 

T A B L E A.—Total number of impils. A M E R I C A N ASVLUM. Not recorileil to Kot recorded to liuve married deaf.. W Grnnil total. Total. ilnrricil to denf-muti'S. have iiiari'itid. iiniti'S. Total. Males. Females. Toial. Males. Females. Total. Males. Females. O Period of a G birtli. o |§5| O >=3 II '11 II 11 < 1760-1769 . . 1 1 1 >• h-1 J 770-1770.. 2 1 1 1 1780-1789 . . 7 4 5 2 2 I 1790-1799 .. 1800-1809.. 44 158 24 93 20 27 78 12 42 17 80 9 o 03 46 3 1810-1819.. 270 152 124 127 72 149 122 10 1820-1829'.. 288 170 144 90 144 n 118 111 aw 1830-1839 .. 324 184 140 195 112 129 117 I&t0-18')9 .'. 387 214 173 291 IU9 122 96 81 1850-1859 .. 387 231 156 363 222 141 24 16 1860-1869 ., 228 140 88 228 140 Unknown . 4 1 4 3 > a Totnl . . . . 1,219 887 805 29 354 16 36 288 28 502 (?) 263 30 239 15 91 49 

T A B L E A.—Total numher of pupils—Continued. ILLINOIS INSTITUTION. Not recorded to Not recorded to bavo married deaf, Grand totel. Total. Married to deaf mntes. mutes, bave married. Total. Males. Females. Total. Males. Females. Total. :MnIes. Females. Period of birtb. If It II 11 -I e J, ' - o k -=3 .3 O 'I = £1 1-2 = ill 9. 2= I Is 3 25 5E 1810-1819.. 1 4 2 2 1020-1820.. 27 12 15 16 4 12 1830-1839 .. 127 73 54 92 55 37 1840-1840 . . 268 161 107 202 126 70 1850-1850.. 414 220 104 368 197 171 1860-1869.. 573 330 243 561 325 236 1870-1879 . . 201 114 87 201 114 87 Unknown. 5 3 2 4 2 2 Total... 1,820 914 706 1,446 828 14 (I) 01 83 ^52 (?) 80 72 11 

T A B L E B.-^Congenitally deafpuj^ils. • AMERICAN A s i x t n r . Grand total. Not recorded to Total. Married to deaf-mutes. Not recorded to have married deaf- have married. mutes. Total. Males. Females. Total. Males. Females. Total. Males. Females. o Period of birth. s 2 I—I 1| o \z a 'I II 11 II, 3P •0-= ii U 3 "S H <i 1760-1769 . 1 1 t> • 1770-1779 . 1 1 1 1 1780-1789 . 6 4 2 4 2 H 1790-1799 . 27 14 13 20 11 1800-1809 . 73 42 31 40 19 O 1810-1819 . 114 62 52 60 26 1820-1829. 153 83 70 75 31 M 1830-1839 . 173 95 78 112 50 1840-1849 . 198 102 96 140 63 1850-1859 . 144 86 58 141 66 1860-1860 . 83 51 32 83 32 fed Total.... 973 433 677 291 296 20 154 10 23 142 25 239 16 120 17 HP 57 14 34 23 C3 

T A B L E B.—Oongenitally deaj pupils—Continued. I L L I N O I S INSTITUTIOIf. Grand total. Not recorded to Total. Kot recorded to have married deaf- Iiave married. Married to deaf-mntes. mutes. Total. Males. Females. Total. Males. Females. Total. Males. Females. Porioil of Wrth. aV a e ,£•3 •= a oo n U -.3 is If 1 1810-1819 ., 1 1820-1829 ., 13 1830-1839 .. 52 1840-1840 .. 77 • 43 55 1850-1860 .. 140 73 122 1860-1860 .. 105 63 104 1870-1879 .. 29 19 29 UnknowD . 1 1 Total.... 418 238 180 354 205 149 04 (J) 33 31 30 

T A B L E 0.—Non-congenitally deaf pupils. AMERICAN ASYLUM. MARKIED. Grand total. Nut recorded to Total. Not recorded to have married deaf- havtj married. Married to deaf-mutes. mutes. Total. Males. Females. Total. Males. Females. Total. Males. Females. O a s a a ? )rded number t)f deaf chile Iren = Eece)rded number e)f deaf children a )rdod numlier of deaf child 3rded to have deaf children, )rded to have d<:af children. >rdcd to have d(!af children. Eecorded to have de jaf children. irded to bavo d<!af children. )rded to have de;af children. >rded to have ehaaf children. irded to have desaf children. orded to have doaf ehildieii >rded number <>f deaf chile )f deaf chile Eeceirded number e)f deaf chile urded number (Df deaf cliili Eee( }rded number i}f deaf chill Recemled number e)f deaf chile Period of . I—I birth. § born to thefemales. born to the females. boru to the females. born to thes pupils. boin to the males. born to th() males. born to thepupils. bom to the ) males. pupils. s o lales. •• lales. 1 to X o •a o •a s o a s u 8 u V o o V H • H H • K H H H K K A. H H & <i 1760-1769 >• 1770-1779 1780-1789 . . . . 1 1 1 1 1790-1799 . . . . 12 7 5 4 2 2 8 5 .3 5 3 2 3 2 1 1800-1809 . . . . 70 43 27 30 16 14 40 27 13 20 10 10 20 ... .... 17 3 § 1810-1819 . . . . 147 81 66 58 32 26 89 3 49 3 7 40 76 3 42 3 7 34 13 7 Q 1820-1829 . . . . 124 70 45 62 41 21 62 2 38 i 1 24 1 1 48 2 29 1 1 19 1 1 14 9 5 w 1830-1839 . . . . 1840-1849 . . . . 146 182 85 109 61 73 79 145 46 89 33 56 07 37 2 39 20 2 5 28 17 62 26 2 34 13 2 5 28 13 5 11 5 7 4 w 1850-1859 . . . . 224 137 87 206 130 • 76 18 1 7 11 1 1 12 4 8 6 1 1 3 3 1 1 a 1860-1869 . . . . 133 80 53 133 80 53 Unknown . . . '1 1 1 1 > Total.. 1, 040 622 418 719 437 282 321 8 (t) 185 6 13 136 2 2 249 7 (?) 135 6 13 114 1 1 72 1 1 50 22 1 1 > O 

T A B L E C.—Noncongenitally deaf pupils—Continued. 05 I L L I N O I S INSTIXTJTION. Not- recorded to Not recorded to have married deaf- Grand total. Total. Married to deaf-raafes. mntes. have married. Total. Males. Females. Total. Males. Females. Total. Males. Females. Period of i 00 birth. •a g •OS Ill § W 35 •= a = 2! II is I no i o I 1 I H 1810-1819.. 1 1 1 1 1820-1829 .. 11 4 7 2 5 •2 3 4 a 1830-1839 .. 58 20 29 41 20 21 17 9 8 14 1|- > 1840-1849 . . 102 62 123 79 41 I 41 23 18 36 2 1. 21 15 b 164 1850-1859 .. 217 122 05 102 109 83 25 13 12 22 11 11 1800-1869 . . 364 208 158 358 202 156 0 4 2 6 4 2 1870-1879 .. 120 09 00 129 60 Unknown . 2 1 1 2 1 CO Total . . I 852 482 370 I 05 (I) 52 43 82 (») 44 38 i 00 

\ T A B L E D.—Pupils the cause of whose deafness was not stated. AMERICAN ASYLUM. Not recorded to have married deaf- W Grand total. Not recorded to Total. Married to deaf-mates. have married. mates. H Total. Males. Females. Total. Males. Females. Total. Males. Females fed ( 0 1—1 Period of O birth. •eg ill o o2 as fl o ll u 1| ;> »=] <i ;> 1760-1769... 1770-1779.. 1780-1789.., 1790-1790.. o 1800-1809 . . 1810-18111. - m 1820-1829 . . t=i 1830-1839.. a 1840-1840 .. d 1860-1859 .. 1860-1869 .. TTnknown . •Total. 67 42 25 0) 15 10 14 (?) -3 

birth. Period of Total.... Unknown .. 1870-1879.... 1860-1869.... 1850-1859.... 1840-1849.... 1830-1839.... 119.... 1820-1829.... Total. 255 104 43 2 57 27 17 3 2 142 Moles. 26 1 61 25 10 11 2 Grand total. Females. 113 1 17 43 32 11 6 1 2 Total. 240 43 2 54 24 15 2 1 Males. 136 26 1 23 99 ' 60 10 1 1 15 < have married. 1 Females. / 104 17 1 39 31 9 5 1 1 Not recorded to Total. 15 5 3 3 2 1 1 Recorded to bave deaf cbildren. 2 1 1 Total Recorded number of deaf children (») bom to the pnpils. Total. 6 2 1 1 1 '1 Recorded to have deaf children. 2 - 1 1 TotoL ^ales. 1 Recorded number of deaf children 3 2 1 bom to the males. Total. 9 4 1 2 1 1 Recorded to have deaf children. Females. Recorded number of deaf children bom to the females. Total. 11 4 2 2 1 1 1 I L L I N O I S INSTITUTION. Recorded to bave deaf children. 2 1 1 Total. T A S L E D.—Pupils the cause of whose deafness was not Recorded number of deaf cbildren (?) bom to the pnpils. MABBIBD. Total. 6 1 2 1 1 1 Recorded to have deaf children. 2 1 1 Males. Recorded number of deaf children 3 2 1 bom to the males. Married to deaf-mutes. Total. 5 3 1 1 stated—Continued. Recorded to have deaf cbildren. Females. Recorded number of deaf children bora to the females. 4 1 1 1 1 Total. Recorded to have deaf children. Total Recorded number of deaf children bom to the pupils. Total. 1 Recorded to have deaf children. Males. mutes. Recorded number of deaf children born to the males. 4 1 1 Total. 1 1 1 Recorded to bave deaf children. Recorded number of deof children Females. Not recorded to have married deaf- born to the females. Q H I—I CP o o > S Kl O o 00 W O O 

T A B L E B.—Congenitally deaf pupils recorded to have deaf-muU relatives other than children. AMERICAN ASYLUM. 1^ Grand total. Not recorded to Not recorded to have married deaf- have married. Total married. Married to deaf-mutes. mutes. Total. Moles. Females. Total. Males. Females. Total. Males. Females. O Period of w birth. la If V as ,-oa If O 9 o^ o II It 1° 15 ".SI O I II I'g . ^ a 1 ts 1760-1769 . . . 1770-1779... 1780-1789... 5 1790-1799 . . . 15 X 1800-1809... 43 17 O 1810-1819 . . . 67 38 1820-1829 . . . 111 48 w • 1830-1839 . . . 101 46 Ei 1840-1849 . . . 107 62 W a 1850-1859 . . . 60 22 1860-1869 . . . 38 16 Unknown . . (> • Total.... 248 354 207 O 547 193 15 (?) 92 101 21 152 (?) 84 13 14 24 17 CD 

T A B L E E.'—Oongenitally deaf pupils recorded to have deaf mute relatives other than children—Continued. 05 I L L I N O I S INSTITUTION. o Not recorded to Not recorded to have married deaf- Grand total. Total. Married to deaf-mutes. mutes. . have married. Total. Males. Females. Total. Moles. Females. Total. Males. Females. O Period of birth. o •as I V p. •3 a »=] CI ft o » o © 3 « w II BS ^ si O II a 3 IS -1^ i 1810-1819 .. 1820-1829 .. 1830-1839... 25 > 1840-1849 .. 34 =1 1850-1859 .. 69 1860-1860 .. 47 1870-1879 .. 11 Unknovrn . 1 00 Q M Total.. 196 159 70 37 (?) 20 34 (?) § 

T A B L E F.—Congenitally deaf pupils recorded ets sporadic cases. A M E R I C A N ASXLTJM. Gmnd total. Not recorded to Total. Married to deaf-mutes. Not reoorded to have married deaf- have married. mates. I TotaL Males. Females. Total. Males. Females. Total. Males. Females. Period of birth. 11 n "3:3 O •§1 'a ll o If a § it §1 IS P ^ d P f S T 1 Ii 1 l-a II o > H 1760-1769 ., 1 1770-1779.. 1 1780-1789 ., 1 1790-1709., 12 1800-1800.. 1810-1819.. 30 47 i 1820-1829.. 42 w 1830-1839.. 72 w 1840-1848.. 91 13 a 1850-1859.. 84 s 1860-1869.. 45 >- Unknown . Total.... 426 241 185 323 179 144 103 62 41 87 0) 52 35 16 10 c OS 

T A B L E F.—Congenitally deaf pupils recorded as sporadic cases—Continued. OS to ILLINOIS INSTITUTION. Grand total. Not recorded to Total. Married to deaf-mates. Kot recorded to bave married deaf- have married. mutes. i Total. Males. Females. Total. Males. Females. Total. Males. Females. £ 2 Period of birth. I. o •=•3 Is '1 II (M P. EM H 1^1 •=J n 1^ S5 .a o le ii II H IH i I—I 1810-1819 1 1 1820-1829 2 1 o 1830-1839 8 8 1840-1849 8 c 1850-1859 . § 1860-1869 1870-1879 > a Unlmown o OQ O Total 222 132 90 105 116 79 27 (?) 16 25 (1) 15 10 CO 

• Total 1780-1789 1770-1779 1760-1769 birth. Period of 1860-1869.... 1830-1830.... 1820-1820.... 1850-1859 . . . . 1840-1840 . . . . 1810-1819.... 1790-1799.... 1800-1809 . . . . Total. 125 14 30 26 19 14 6 4 12 Males. 60 6 15 7 13 1 7 3 8 Grand total. Females. 65 8 15 12 7 3 4 3 13 Total. I '86 14 24 1 20 8 7 11 Males. 46 6 6 13 1 12 3 5 have married. Females. Xot recorded to 40 8 8 1 2 5 6 11 Total. 39 6 6 8 6 5 3 5 Recorded to have deaf children. 2 1 1 Total. Recorded number of deaf children (» bora to the pnpils. Total. \ 14 1 1 2 4 1 2 3 Recorded to have deuf children. Total. Males. Recorded number of deaf children bora to the males. Total. 25 4 2 5 7 2 2 3 Recorded to have deaf children. 2 1 1 Females. Recorded number of deaf children 1 2 bora to the females. 1 H o 30 4 4 2 8 5 4 3 AMERICAN ASYLUM. Recorded to have deaf children. 1 1 ;^ Total. I Recorded number of deaf children (») T A B L E G.—N'on-congenitally deaf pupils recorded to have dmf-mute bora to the pnpils. Total. HABBIED. 1 1 9 .1 1 2 3 relatives Recorded to have deaf children. Males. Recorded number of deaf children bom to the males. Married to deaf-mutes. Total. 2 2 2 3 3 7 21 2 other than 1 Recorded to have deaf children. 1 1 Females. Recorded number of deaf children 1 1 bom to the females. Total. 1 1 9 2 2 3 children. Recorded to have deaf children. 1 1 Total. Recorded number of deaf children 1 1 bora to the pupils. Total. 1 1 6 3 Recorded to have deaf children. mutes. Males. Kecorded number of deaf children bom to the males. Total. 1 1 4 2 Recorded to have deaf children. 1 1 Recorded number of deaf children Females. Not recorded to have married deaf- 1 1 bom to the females. . a O O CI as S >• t> w !zi o o $ > (—I H3 CO 

T A B L E G.—Non-congenitally deaf pupils recorded to have deaf-mute relatives other than children—Continued. 05 ILLINOIS INSTITUTION. Not recorded to Not recorded to have married deaf, Grand total. have married. Total. Married to deaf-mutes. mntes. Total. Males. Females. Totol. Males. •Females. Total. Males. Females. Period of birtii. §•3 CS V ns oo o© ° S E If '3° a a tj §1 I I '2 f 1810-1819.. 1820-1829.. 1830-1830.. 1840-1849.. 1860-1859.. 1860-1809.. 1870-1870.. . Unknown. Totnl.. 120 65 66 106 67 49 IS (!) 

T A B L E H.—Non congenitally dea/pupils recorded as sporadic cases. AMERICAN ASYLUM. CD CO Not recorded to Total. Married to deaf-mntes. Not recorded to have married deaf- Grand total. have married. mutes. Total. Males. Females. Total. Males. Females. Total. Males. Females. O g Period of I—I birth. •31 ha o OH O Zi 1i Is So BS II La o II li gg II ,11 il > 1760-1769.. 1770-1779.. H 1780-1789.. 1 h3 1790-1799.. K 8 1800-1809.. 58 35 23 11 C 1810-1819.. 141 78 57 31 1820-1829.. 110 72 54 38 1830-1839.. 127 78 68 40 1840-1849.. 166 06 123 77 w a 1850-1859.. 104 122 182 117 1860-1869.. 110 74 119 74 Unknown. 1 1 1 1 Total.. 915 562 353 282 171 Ill 219 126 63 18 05 

T A B L E H.—Non-congenitally deaf pupils recorded as sporadic cases—Continued. ILLINOIS INSTITUTION. Not recorded to Not recorded to have married deaf, Grand total. Total. Married to deaf-mntes. mutes. have married. Total. Males. remalea. Total. Males. Females. Total. Males. Females. 2 O h-l a Period of .a 00 birth. o •ss III 1= p 5 1 O e» P. •u a< S O •=2 '•3 = as !2i t> O 1810-1819.. 2 . 1 1 1 1 1820-1829.. 0 2 7 5 1 4 > 1830-1839.. 52 27 25 37 19 18 1840-1849 . 142 90 52 106 69 37 1850-1859.. 1860-1869 . 178 327 103 182 145 75 159 321 94 65 143 c 178 1870-1879.. 115 63 52 115 03 52 UnknowD. 2 1 1 2 1 1 Total.. 827 358 746 425 321 81 (') 37 (?) 32 12 o CO C g CO 

/ birth. 1780-1789 1830-1839 1890-1799 1840-1849 Period of Total . . . Unknown . . 1850-1859 . . . . 1820-1829 . . . . 1860-1869 . . . . Total. 10 1 6 2 1 Males. 1 1 5 3 Grand total. Females. 1 1 5 3 Total. 10 1 6 2 1 Males. 1 5 1 3 have married. Females. Not recorded to 1 1 5 3 Total. Recorded to have deaf children. Total. Recorded number of deaf children 1 born to the pupils. 1 f Total. Recorded to have deaf children. Total. Males. Recorijed number of deaf children bum to the males. Total. Recorded to have deaf children. Females. Reconled number of deaf cbildren bom 10 the females. H 1 o AMERICAN ASYLUM. Recorded to have deaf children. Total. Recorded number of deaf children bora to the pupils. HAKBIED. Total. Recorded to have doaf cbildren. Males. Recorded number of deaf children born to the iiiales. Married to deaf-mutes. Total. Recorded to have deaf children. Females. Recurtlcd number of deaf cbildren 1 bom to the females. 1 Total. 1 Recorded to have deaf children. T A B L E I.—Pupils the cause of whose deafness is not stated who are recorded to have deaf-mute relatives other than Total. 1 1 Recorded number of deaf children bom to the pupils. Total. Recorded to have deaf children. children. mute 1. Malert. Recorded number of deaf children . born to the males. j Total. "i ! .1 ; c: c; u a cV c Not recorded to hav e ins rried duaf- Females. •- ia V 5"" O a - I K H O C n X >- w 1^ o o > o a 05 p> W 

T A B L E I . Pupils the cause of whose deafness is not stated uho are recorded to have deaf-mute relatives other than children—Continued. 05 ILLINOIS INSTITUTION. Not recorded to Not recorded to have married deaf- Grand total. Total. Married to deaf-mutes. mutes. have married. 2 Total. Males. Females. - Total. Males. Females. Total. Males. Femaled. H O 2 I CO Period of hirth. O 55 = 1^ e 3 CI IS. 2 |Ei it IE i is 5 IS-= 1—1 O PS ,« > 1810-1819... 1820-1826... 1 1 > 1830-1839... 2 1 c- 1840-1849... 2 2 1850-1869 . . 5 5 c S 1860-1869... 7 7 1870-1879... 3 3 o UnknowD .. 1 1 CO o Total.. 42 21 40 20 1 (J) (?) GC a K CO 

T A B L E J.—Pupils, the cause of whose deafness is not stated, who are recorded as sporadic cases. AMERICAN ASYLUM. Not recorded to Married to deaf-mutes. Not recorded to have manied deaf- Grand total. bare married. Total. mutes. Total. Males. Females. Total. Males. l-'cmales. Total. Males. Females. Period of birth. V3 ^1 « o, ill E o o© o o = a> P. -•A ti sS 15 Ma li n 5 is it I s gE c a 2 1760-1769.. 1770-1779.. (-3 1780-1789.. K 1790-1799.. 5 1800-1809.. 15 1810-1819 .. 15 1820-1829.. 10 1830-1839.. 5 CP 1840-1849 . . 7 1850-1859.. 17 1860-1869.. 0 Unknown . 2 Total . . 83 31 37 21 25 (») 15 10 14 (?) OS CO 

T A B L E J.—Pupils the cause of whose deafness is not stated, who are recorded as sporadic cases -Continued. ->3 O ILLINOIS INSTITUTION- Not recorded to Totol. Married to deaf-mutes. Not recorded to have married deaf- Grand total. have married. mutes. Total. Males. Females. Total. Males'. Females. Total. Males. Females. O I—I Period of birth. aa o P. rs a i ^ s •32 hi ZB o o o a, Pd •=5 V, II IE '11 IE a o S > I J > 1810-1819... 2 2 1820-1829.., 2 1 1 1 1830-1839.., 14 9 5 14 > 1840-1849... 23 14 9 , 20 13 I 1850-1859.. 44 20 24 41 18 1860-1869... 91 54 37 86 63 1870-1879... 37 23 14 37 23 i Unknown . 00 o I Total.. 213 121 92 200 116 84 13 (?) 10 (») 

T H E FORMATION O FA D E A F V A R I E T Y O FT H E HUMAN RACE. 71 T A B L E K.—Non-congenital pupils. American Asylum. Illinois Institution. . Period. Classified accord- Classified accord- Classified accord- Classified accord- ing to period ing to period ine to period of ing to period when hearing when hearing birth. of birth. was lost. as lost. 1760-1769 1770-1779 1780-1789 1 1 1790-1799 12 10 1800-1809 70 42 1810-1819 147 • 151 2 1 1820-1629 124 112 11 5 1830-1839 146 138 58 21 1840-1849 182 167 164 116 1850-1859 224 196 217 133 1860-1869 133 168 364 224 1870-1879 17 129 120 Unknown 1 38 2 327 Total 1,040 1,040 947 047 T A B L E L.—Non-congenital pupils of the American Asylum^ classified according to the period when hearing was lost and according to the disease that caused deafness. Canse of deafness. § 00 00 I 05 3 1 00 S3 Scarlet fever' 8 13 61 72 84 62 311 Brain fever" 4 15 7 21 12 14 75 Epidemiccerebro-spinal meningitis". 35 4 1 4 54 Measles 7 4 G 10 .8 2 38 Whooping-cough 2 6 4 5 6 4 29 Hydrocephalns'' 3 3 6 1 3 2 19 Typhus fever 4 4 1 2 2 1 17 Convulsions' 2 3 3 4 4 17 Disease of ear« 12 24 22 23 28 13 124 Diseases of luu^s and air p a s s a g e s . 1 1 2 6 6 14 30 Miscellaneous diseases^ 2 4 6 11 13 49 Accident» 1 5' 3 9 15 13 53 Diseases not spi'Cifiod -' 19 64 35 11 11 17 22 186 Total 10 42 151 112 138 167 196 168 1,002 Period when hearing was lost unknown . 38 Total. 1,040 •Includes canker.rash (15 cases). 'Includes inflammation of brain, inflammation of head. 'Includes spotted fover (51 cases), meningitis (3 oases). ^Includes dropsy in bead, dropsy in brain, water on brain. 'Includesfl,cs,paralyticfit(L case), paralysis and convulsions (1 case) 'Includes disease in head, humor in head, abscess in head, eruption in lie.id, gatliering in bead, scrofula in head, sores in bead, ulcers in head, ulcers in ears, sores in ears, discharge from ears, gathering in ears. ^Includes lung fever (11 cases), cold (18 cases), influenza (1 case). ' I n . clndes small-pox, chioken-pox, diptheria, croup, bilious fever, catarrhal fever, erysipelas, palsy, salt rheum, mumps, spasmodic cough, mar asmus. Tickets, teething, cholera infantum, inflammation of bowels. 'Includes fall (39 cases), discharge of cannon, pistol-shot, scald (2 cases) fright (2 cases), blow on head, run over by cart, sea-bathing. 

72 MEMOIRS O P T H E NATIONAL A C A D E M Y O F SCIENCES. T A B L E M.—Non-congenital pupils of the Illinois Institution, classified according to the period when hearing was lost and according to the disease that earned deafness. Cause of deafness. a o 1 Spotted fever " 27 12 7 48 MeDingitis* 6 29 143 179 Scarlet fever 18 22 28 9 27 110 Brain fever 6 9 31 17 10 73 Inflammation of brain 5 2 4 2 12 25 Congestion of brain 1 2 3 5 11 Disease of ear' 7 8 15 3 28 63 Diseases of Inngs and airpassages' 7 0 6 12 17 50 Accident' - - 6 9 11 5 •7 40 Measles - 4 6 8 8 . 11 37 Typhoid fever 3 8 14 6 5 37 Whooping-cough ,.'- 4 2 3 1 8 20 Convnlsions 5 2 6 1 3 17 Quinine 1 6 3 3 14 Hydrocephalus 2 4 2 10 Diphtheria .1 4 4 10 Miscellaneous diseases". 24 14 17 19 81 Diseases not specified . . 23 30 36 18 122 Total , 21 116 133 224 I 120 327 947 *£pidemic cerebro-spinal meningitis. •Includes gathering in head (3 cases), scrofula (10 cases), gathering in onrs, sore ears, earache, rising in liead, risings, swelling In head, gradual loss. Inflammation of head, sickness in bend^ 'Includes cold (31 casRS), lung fever, puounionia, bronchial alVection, inflticn7.n, cntarrli (5 cases). •" Includes shock of lightning, sunstroke, exposure to heat, foil iutu water, aca-sickness, burn, scald, sprain in neck, tar cap for scald-head, washing in cold spring, fright (2 cases), fall (22 coses), drinking lye ( I case). < Includes spasms and fits. •Includes mumps (7 cases), bilious fever (9 cases), nervous fever (0 cases), congestive chill (7 cases), winter fever (8 cases), remittent ever (3 cases), teething, jaundice, pernicious fever, worms and lever, ngite, paralysis, vaccination, sniall po.v, cliicken-pox, cholera, croap, cramps, chills, cold plague, wonn fever, tyjihus fever, cholera infantum, intlnmniation of liowcls, dist'ase of kidney, cancer, rickets, erysip- elas, spinal disease (0 cases). 

T H E FORMATION O FA D E A F VARIETY O F T H E HUMAN RACE. 73 \ T A B L E N.—Analysis of 22,472 cases of deaf-mutes from the census returns, showing the number of these deaf-mutes living June 1, 18S0, icho became deaf each year since the year 1770. Year. No. Year. No. Year. No. Year. No. 1879-'80 / 1869-'70 751' 1859-'60 527 1849-'50 453 1878-'79 iei 1868-'69 665 1858-'59 436 1848-'49 219 1877-'78 207 1867-'68 721 1857-'.58 484 1847-'48 264 1876-'77 300 1866-'67 710 1856-'57 402 1846-'47 221 l-75-'76 414 186.->-'66 794 lS55-'56 422 1845-'46 230 M4-'75 472 18l>4-'65 797 ]854-'55 • 349 1844-'45 308 187:j-'74. 750 1863-'64 776 1853-'5l 382 1843-'44 2:i7 1872-'73 1,168 1862-'63 692 J852-'53 303 1842-'43 209 1871-'72 1,067 1861-'62 642 1851-'52 349 1841-'42 215 1870-'71 769 1860-61 470 I850-'51- 260 1840-'41 1.53 Teu years '. 5,308 7, 018 3,914 2,509 • 1 ' • 1839-'40. 318 1829-'30 200 1819-'20 147 1809-']0 81 lS38-'39. 139 ltS28-'29 93 1818-'19 54 lt:08-'09 36 1837-'38. 158 l827-'28 111 1817-'l8 73 1807-'08 46 ' lS36-'37. 135 1826-'27 95 1816-'l7 77 i-06-'07 15 1835-'36. 125 1825-'26 95 1815-'16 73 1805-'06 27 1834-'35. 18-< 1824-'25 120 1814-'15 83 1804-'05 37 1833-'34. 141 1823-'24 88 18l:?-'14 49 l803-'04 23 1832-'33. 126 lf-22-'23 89 1812-'13 45 1802-'03 11 183l-'32. 1.57 l82l-'22 100 18U-'12 55 1801-'02 11 • 1830-'31. 105 1820-'21 67 . 1810-'ll 43 1800-'01 7 Ten years. 1,592 1,058 699 294 1799-1800. 23 1789-'90 1779-'80 179»-'99. 10 17ci8-'89 1778-'79 1797-'98. 11 1787-'88 1777-'78 179fi-'97. 6 1786-'87 1776-'77 1795-'96. 4 1785-'86 1775-'76. 1794-'9r>. 4 1784-'85 1774-'75 1793-'94. 8 1783-'84 1773-'74 1792-'93. 1 1782-'83' 1772-'73 1791-'92. 3 1781-'82 1771-'72 1790-'91. 1 1780-'81 1770-'71 Teii years. 71 T A B L E O.—Analysis of 22,472 cases of deaf-mutes from the census returns. [This tiible shows that the decline in the niiiiiber of these deaf-mates returned who became deaf since 1873 affects the congenital, as well as the non-congenitally deaf.] Year in which.deafness occnrred. 1873. 1874. 1875. 1876. 1877. 1878. 1879. 1,168 750 472 414 300 207 -161 Cougeuitallv deaf 348 271 203 202 130 1U5 46 Non-congenitally deat 820 479 . 269 212 170 102 115 99 A — B E L L - -10 

74 MEMOIRS O F T H E NATIONAL A C A D E M Y O F SCIENCES. T A B L E P.—Analysis of 2 2 , 4 7 2 cases of deaf-mutes taken from census returns, classified by periods of five years. [The number who became deaf in each qiiiuqueunial period is reduced "to a percentage of the whole on a basis of 10,000 cases in all.] Period. Number. Per cent. Period. ^ Number. Per cent. 1781-1785 4 . 0002 1831-1835 717 .0319 1786-1790 5 .0002 1836-1840 875 / .0389 1791-1795 17 .0008 1841-1845 1122 .0499 1796-1800 54 .0024 1846-1850 1387 .0617 1801-1805 89 .0040 1851-1855 l(i43 .0731 1806-1810 205 .0091 1856-1860 2271 .1011 1811-1815 275 .012-2 1861-1865 3377 .1503 1816-1820 424 .0189 186(>-1870 3641 , . 1620 •1821-1825 464 .0206 1871-1875 4226 .1881 1826-1830 594 .0265 1876-1880 1082 .0481 T A B L E Q.—Analysis of 22,4:72 casts from the census returns, classified by periods of five years, and separating the congenital from the non congenital cases. Non-cou- Period. Congenital. genital. Total: 1781-1785. 4 0 4 1786-1790- 5 0 5 1791-1795- 15 2 17 1796-1800. 48 6 54 1801-1805. 79 10 89 1806-1810. 162 43 205 1811-1815- 193 82 275 1816-1820. 279 145 424 1821-1825. 328 136 464 1826-1830. 423 171 594 • 1831-1835. 477 240 717 1836-1840. 601 274 875 1841-1845- 719 403 1,1-22 1846-1850- 895 492 1,387 1851-1855- 998 645 i;643 1856-1860- ,462 809 2,271 1861-1865. ,639 1,738 3,377 1866-1870. ,759 1,882 3,641 1871-1875 ,585 2,641 4,226 1876-1880. 483 599 1,082 Total 12,154 10,318 22,472 T A B L E R . — Total number of deaf-mules in the United States living June 1, 1 8 8 0 , classified according to race and iex. 1 Colored. | Foreign white. Native white. • Total. Causes of deafness; Males. Females. Males. Females. Males. Fem-\les. Males. 1 Females. • 1 714 587 545 444 5,229. 4,520 6,4.^8 5,551 7 2 8 2 34 17 49 21 Disease of ear 7 8 10 7 204 • 166 221 181 178 147 306 252 4,172 3,368 ' 4,(>r>6 3.767 Miscellaneous 73 •28 81 77 610 423 764 52 6,3-9 5,263 Total 979 772 950 7e2 9,249 H,494 18,567 15, 311 

T H E FORMATION^ O F A D E A F VARIETY O F T H E HUMAN RACE. 75 T A B L E S.—Institutions for the deaf and dumb in the United States, 1883. A . — P U B L I C iNSTtTurioxs. Admittedsincethe Number of jiupils. ft opening of the • instil ntion. 60 m a X MS S" Natuo. Location. to G O.U- a o 3 C O P4 O 3- P. a _^ 3.1 > • li II 1 Aiiierlcaii Asylum Hartford, Conn 1817 210 126 174 2,325 23 35 58 2 New York'Institution Washington H'ts, 1818 488 310 178 369 2,993 31 22 53 New York, N. Y. 3 I'ennsylvivnia lusiitulion.. Philadelphia, P a . - 1820 362 206 156 298 2,079 19 21 4 Kentucky Institutiou Dnnville, Ky 1^23 167 98 69 136 830 5 Ohio Institution Columbus, Ohio... 1 29 505 274 231 407 2,008 li' 'is 6 Virginia Institution Staunton, Va 1839 80 .,44 36 74 546 7, Iniliana lustitntion Indianapolis, I n d . . 1844 32S 175 153 312 •1,495 K Tennessee School Kniixville.Teuu... 1845 147 90 57 118 9 North Carolina Institution. Riilegh,N.C 1H44 114 56 4.-1 104 10 Illinois Institution Jacksonville, 111... 1846 575 325 250 501 1,700 14 11 Georgia Institutiou Cave Spring, G a . . . 1846 93 53 40 • 85 325 12 South Carolina Institution Cedar Spring, S. C . 1849 58 26 32 48 185 13 Missouri Insi itntion . . . . . . . Fulton, Mil 1851 250 152 98 199 835 14 Louisiana Institution Baicn Rouge,La... 1-52 43 25 18 38 15 Wisconsin Institution Delavan, Wis 1 .52 237 134 103 208 665 16 Michigan Iu.stitution Flint, Micli .'- 1854 271 145 126 266 948 17 Iowa Institutiou Council Bluffs, Iowa 1855 290 170 120 260 657 l-* Mississippi Institution Jackson. Miss 1856 78 35 43 76 19 Texas A H y l u m Austin, Tex 1857 97 65 32 86 203 •^0 Columbia Iristi tutinn Washington, D. C 1857 100 83 17 88 489 21 Alabama Institution Talladega, A l a . . . 1860 51 30 21 51 185 22 California Institution Berkeley, Cal 1860 126 80 46 121 262 23 Kansas Institution Olatho, Kansas... 4 61 190 102 88 157 369 21 Le Couteulx S . Mary's In- Butfah.,N.Y 1862 167 94 73 154 350 stitutiwu. 25 Minnesota School Faribault, Minu. 1863 47 IS2 65 129 3.30 26 Institution for Improved In- New York, N . Y . . 1H67 187 108 79 161 311 strnclion. 27 Clarke Institution Northampton, Mass 1867 94 49 45 91 220 28 Arkansas Institute Little Rock, Ark .".. 1868 .-0 47 33 52 195 29 Maryland School Frederick City, Md 1-68 108 60 48 99 278 30 N' braska Institute Omaha,Nebr..'. lf69 115 74 41 93 181 31 Horace Mann School Boston, Mass 1869 91 41 50 80 212 32 St. Josi:ph's Inslitnie Forrlliam.N.Y 1869 279 125 154 237 333 33 West Virgiuiii Institution .. Romney.W. Va 1870 71 41 30 60 199 34 Oregon School Salem, On gon 1-70 33 16 17 20 72 35 Institution for Colored Baltimore, Md 187-2 15 8 7 13 39 36 Colorado In-titnte' Colorado Sp's, Colo. 1874 49 19 30 43 70 37 Erie Day-School Erie, Pa 1874 12 9 3 10 3-i Chicago Day-School Chicago, 111. 1875 58 30 28 48 125 39 Central New York Inslitu- Rome, N . Y 1875 180 111 69 153 •243 lion. •10 (Cincinnati Day-School Cincinnati, Ohio . . 1^75 35 • 21 14 28 82 41 Western Pennsylvania In- Turtle Creek, Pa . . 1876 120 79 41 102 184 stitution. 42 Wi'stern New York lustitn- Roc.ester, N. Y . . . 1876 162 81 81 143 219 tion. 43 Portland Dav.School Portland, Me 1876 35 17- 18 35 37 44 Rhode Island School Providence, R. I . l'<77 33 16 17 25 45 45 Saint Louis Day-Scliool Saint Louis, Mo. 1878 49 32 17 42 73 46 New England Industrial Beverly, Mass... 1880 19 11 8 19 30 School. 47 Dakota School Sioux Falls, D. T . 1880 23 14 9 21 28 48 Oral Branch Pennsylvania Philadelphia, P a . 1881 73 45 28 66 73 Institution. 49 Scranton Oral School Scranton, Pa. 1883 14 7 12 14 50 New Jersey Institution Trenton, N . J . 1883 82 47 35 81 82 50 Public institutions . 6,991 3,898 3,093 5,993 23,119 83 132 215 

76 M E M O I R S O F T H E N A T I O N A L A C A D E M Y OF S C I E N C E S . T A B L E S.—Institutions for the deaf and dumb in the United States, 1883—Continued. B.—DKNO.MI.VATIONAL AND P R I V A T E INSTITUTIONS. Admitted since the Number of pupils. opening of tho institution. bo a > . cs a Name. Location. to • 5| § a a: 5-2 ? ^ 1= a a* a "3 3^ =i P Is H Whipple's Home School Mystic River, Conn 1869 16 14 2 10 51 German Evangelical L u - Non is, Alich 1875 44 28 16 44 100 theran Institution. St. John's Catholic Institute Saint Francis, Wis 1876 48 30 18 43 127 F . Knapp's Institute .-. Baltimore, JIfl 1877 34 23 11 30 50 Phonological School Milwaiikoi", W i s . . . 1878 8 5 3 8 50 Sr. Joseph's lustitnto Hannibal, Mo 1882 18 7 11 17 18 A. Graham Bell's School...- Washington, D. C . 1883 2 1 1 2 2 Voice and Hearing School.. Chicago, 111...'. . . . 18d3 8 7 1 8 8 Denominational andprivate 178 115 63 162 406 institutions. 58 Institutions in the U. S. |7,169 4, 013 |3,156 ,6,155 23,525 83 132 t215 Natioual College* Washington, D . C 1864 45 45 34 252 • The National DenfMute College Is a distinct organization within tho Columbia Institution. Its officers and students are included in the statement of the Columbia Institution given above. j r i, , ^„*„ " Eliminating cases where same pupil is returned from more than one instUution; 83 have one parent deaf; 124 have both parents deaf; total, 207. T A B L E T.—Deaf-mute offspring of deaf-mute parents.* [Analysis of 215 cases received into Ainericau Institutions for the Deaf aud Dumb before November, 1883.] Deaf-mutes Deaf-mutes Deaf-mutes Deaf-mutes who have who have who have who have Total. Period of ^birtL. Total. Period of birtli. one par- both par- one par- both par- ent deaf. ents (leaf. ent deaf. ents deaf. 1841 1850 18 20 38 1851-186U 25 42 67 1861-1870 14 . 41 55 ifim_iRifl 1 1 1871-1880 6 19 25 1811-1820 3 3 6 6 Total 82 133 215 1831 1840 9 11 20 •AsliphteiTor has been discovered in tlie table owing to duplicate returns in 8 cases. 1 he geuenu result, no^^^^ The correct figures for deafmutes having both parents deaf (reading down the noluiim) should be 11, 20, 36, 37, 20; total, 124. 

T H E FORMATION O F A D E A F V A R I E T Y O F T H E HUMAN RACE. 77 T A B L E U.—Deaf-mute population,compared with the pQpnlation at large. 12,154 congenital deaf- Deaf-mutes both of whose par- Population of the United mutes living June 1, States (1880), classified 1880, classilied accord- ents were deaf-mutes, clas- according to period of ing to period of birth, sified according to period of birth, and the number aud the number of deaf- birth, and the number of of ))ersons born iu each mutes boru in each deaf-mutes born in each period reduced to a per- period reduced to a per- period reduced to a percent- Period of birth. centage of the whole. age of the whole- centage of the whole. Deaf-mutes both Number of Congenital of whose par- Percentage. Percentage. ents were deaf Percentage. persons. deaf-mutes. aud dumb. 1871-1880 13,394,176 26.7051 2,068 17.015 19 14.3 1861-1870 10, 726,601 21. :5866 3,398 27.958 41 30.8 1851-1860 9, 168, 393 18.2798 2,460 20.240 42 31.6 1841-1850 6,369,362 12.6992 1,614 13. 280 20 1,5.0 1831-1840 4,51)8,256 9.0882 1,078 8.870 11 8.3 1821-1830 3,111,317 6.2033 751 6.179 1811-1820 1,830,095 3.6488- 472 3.883 1801-1810 776,507 1.5482 241 1.983 1791-1800 196,197 0.3912 63 0. 518 1781-1790 20,863 0.0416 9 0.074 1780 4,016 0.0060 Total 50,155,783 100.0000 12,154 100. 000 133 100.0 T A B L E V.—Tabular statement of the institutions of the icorld for the education of the deaf and dumb. NUMBBB OF PUPIl£. METHODS OF IK8TRUCT10N. Manual. Oral. Combined. Xot reported. oS oi IS Country. Q a a a a of instituti! of teachers. of teachers. of teachers. of teachers. of institntic of institntic of instltutic of instltutic of teachers. Total. Male. Female. of pupils. of pupils. of pupils. of pupils. o o o o o o d d 6 6 d d d 'A fa !zi la !z; in i 'A Australia.. 3 147 82 65 11 1 14 2 2 133 g Austria-Hungary 17 1,147 656 454 64 17 1,147 64 Belgium 10 864 482 382 5 339 5 525 Brazil 1 32 32 3 1 32 3 Canada 7 803 307 406 84 1 1 130 27 5 653 57 Denmark 4 326 150 176 41 1 142 15 2 150 23 1 34 3 France 67 3, 482 4 254 28 1, 962 17 871 18 395 Germany 90 5,608 1,042 008 580 90 5,608 380 Great Britain and Ireland 46 2,650 1,413 1,237 244 8 .558 54 20 406 , 56 13 1,356 109 7 243 25 Italy 35 1,401 ^815 676 2a7 34 1,405 227 1 86 10 Japan 2 63 37 28 7 2 65 7 Luxembourg 1 29 15 14 3 1 29 3 Mexico 2 30 23 7 7 2 30 7 Netherlands 3 465 256 209 40. 3 465 40 New Zealand 1 22 13 9 2 1 22 2 Norway 7 283 135 128 34 6 224 23 1 50 11 Portugal - 1 8 7 1 1 1 8 1 Bnssia (including Couriand and Finland) 10 584 303 221 59 3 122 10 5 217 26 2 245 23 Spain 7 222 • 125 07 16 7 k 222 16 Sweden 17 680 421 259 76 2 111 0 3 68 10 5 324 35 7 177 22 Switzerland 11 380 182 108 39 11 380 39 United States 55 7,155 4,085 3,070 481 8 346 26 12 584 62 35 6,225 393 Total.--. 397 26,473 *10,751 *8,545 2,029 32 1,642 130 239 13,246 1,182 91 10,566' 654 37 1,019 63 •The reports from France and Prussia do not Indicate the sex of the pupils. 

78 MEMOIRS O F T H E NATIONAL A C A D E M Y O F SCIENOKS. T A B L E W . — A partial list of deaf children of deaf parents. Name. Where educated. Remarks. Achesou, Charles Amoricau Asylum 1864 Both parents deaf-mutes. . Acheson, Dutee W New England Industrial School 1881 Do. Acheson, £ugene A American Asylum 1870 Do. Acheson, George W — do 1804 Do. Acheson, Paulino M Horace Mann School 1872 Do. Do American Asylum '.. 1878 Do. Acheson, Robert do 1869 Do. Allord, Hattie M -do . ]?71 Do. Allen, Asa W .do . 1845 Do. Allen, Eliza .do . 1849 Do. Allen, Mabel H -do . 1881 Father a deaf.mute. Allen, Sarah .do . 1843 Both parents deaf-mutes. Arnold. Fanny New York Institution 1835 Mother a deaf-mute. Arnold, Jane do 1833 Do. A therholt, Colonel Ohio Institution 1851 Mother a deaf-mute. Ballin, Albert New York Institution 1888 Father a deaf-mute. Barnard, Lucretia R American Asylum 1863 Both parents deaf-mutes. Barnes, Rosa I Western Now York Institution. 1883 Do. Bayne,MaryE Pennsjivanialnstitution 1878 Do. Belcke, Charles Ulinols Institution 1879 Do. Berry, Francis New England Industrial School. 1883 Do. New York Institution 1859 Bender, Caroline Father partially deaf. Pennsylvania Institution 1875 Bennett Mary L Both parents deaf-mutes. New York Inatitntion 1882 Do Do. Pennsylvania Institution 1869 Bentz, Anna De H Do. New York Institution 1807 Bodine, Charles Van W. Bothpaients "hard of-hear- ing." Brasher, Fanny C Hliuols Institution 1882 Do. Brown, Snsan F American Asylum 1865 Father a deaf-mute. Brown, Thomas do 1822 Do. ;Brown, Thomas L do 1851 Both parents deaf-mutes. Brown, Helen H do 1855 Mother a deaf-mute. Bruner, Harry A Westom New York Institution. . . . 1876 Mother somewhat deaf. Bncklen, Simeon D New York Institution 18)2 Father a deaf-mute. Buoklen. Martha A n n . . do 1838 Do. Burgess, W . T a y l o r . . . . West Virginia Institutiou 1878 Both parents deafmut«s. Burgess, Jane E do 1880 Do. Burt, Harrison A New York lusUtntlon 1803 Mother partially deaf-. BuMer, Phcebe M do 1878 Father deaf in one ear. Caime8.WiUiamT . . . . Maryland School 1881 Both parents deaf-mutes. Campbell, Lizzie Clarke Institutiou 1877 Mother partfally deaf. Churchill, Anna B — New York Institution 1858 Father *' hard of hearing." Cook, Elizabeth do 1851 Both parents deaf-mutes. Cooper, 'WilUara E Minnesota School ; 1883 Both parents slightly deaf. Crawford, Josephine L . do 1870 Mother somewhat deaf Culver, Annie J American Asylum 1878 Both parents deaf-mules. Culver, John do - 1883 Do. Culver, Heman M — ; do 1881 Do. Daniels, Wil'ie E New England Industrial School 1882 Do. Derby, Ira H American Asylum 1861 Do. Diamond, Albert .. -. Le Coute.iux St. Mary's Institution. 1887 Do. Pennsylvania Institution 1850 Dithorn, Mary E Do. Illinois Institution 1867 Driskell, Elsie A Do. New York Institution 1855 Dnntz, Caroline Father deaf in one ear. Oral Branch Ponn Institutiou 1882 Dupee, Franklin L Mother slightly deaf. 1864 Edwards, Walter D . . . . Illinois Institution Both parents deaf mutes. 1867 Edwards, Mary E do Do. 1869 Felton, John Wisconsin Institution Mother a deaf-mute. 1859 Genet, William F New York Institution Both parents deaf-mutes. 1871 George, Dudley "W. Columbia Institution Do. 1874 Getman, Ida New York Institution Do. 

T H E F O R M A T I O N O F A D E A F V A R I E T Y O F T H E HUMAJiT R A C E . 79 T A B L E W . — A partial list of deaf children of deaf parents—Continued. •a • 1 1 a'O 1 Name. Where educated. aS 9 1 Remarks. 1 j Grloyoe, Mary New York Institution 1868 i' 1 Mother "bard of hearing." Goodness, Alex •Wisconsin Institution 1874 |.17 Father a deaf mnte. Hnhn, Maximilian New T o i k Institution 1868 ' 13 Father partially deaf. Hall, William Franklin do ' 1863 12 Both parents deaf.mntes. HaU,Florilla Western New York Institution 1883 , 6 Mother a deaf-mute. Henurioka, Henry Minnesota School 1870 ' 20 Father very deaf Hine,JameH American Asylum j 1846 i « , Both parents deaf-mutes. Hines,WilUKm W Ohio Institution j 1878 I 9 Do. Hord, Edwin Missouri Institution ; 1864 i ^* , Father a deaf-mute. Hord.Mary E do 1866 1 11 Do. Howell, Wallace F New York Institution 1865 10 1 Do. Howell, WiUiam L do 1868 9 Do. ' Housel, Helen Estello do 1875 7 Both parents deaf mntes. Jones, Florence Harriet . A\. do 1864 7 Do. Kerahner, John M Pennsjivania Institution 1880 11 Do. Kerabner, Emma K do 1883 10 Do. Kindred, Maria J Illinois Institution 1860 15 Father a deaf mute. Kindred, Elizabeth do 1860 • 13 j Do. Kingsley, Isabella American Asylum 1833 13 1 Mother a deaf-mnte. Kofiman, Abey New York Institution 1868 15 ' Father "hard of hearing." Kofifman, Samael do 1868 j l 2 1 Do. Koffman, Lewis do 1868 Do. Laird, James F 1 Pennsylvania Institntion 1862 1 14 Both parents deaf-mutes. Laird, Elizabeth I do 1867 Do. Laister, Eleanor Jane 1 " New York Institntion j 1849 | l 2 Father a deaf-mnte. Lancaster, Lucas C do : 1877 14 Mother deaf in one ear. Lloyd, John, j r do 1878 ' 17 "Father deaf from old age." Lovejoy, Beiuamin American Asylum ! 1844 ' 15 Father a deaf-mute. Lovcjoy, Hartwell do 1SS1 , 17 Do. Lovejoy, Sarab do 1851 Do. Lovejoy, Emma do 1851 Do. Lovejoy, Erastns . . . . do 1 1860 17 Do. Lovejoy, Abigail do 1860 12 Do. Lovejoy, Lydia A do 1867 10 Do. Lov<iioy, Hattie M do 1873 9 Do. Lovejoy, Boscoe P New England Indnstvinl Scliool.. 1883 15 Do. Marsh, Catharine B American Asylum 1852 1 10 Both parents deaf-mntes. Marsh, Paulina IT do 1855 10 Do. Marsh, Jonathan F do , 1860 11 Do. Morshall, George W Illinois Institution 1863 10 Do. Marshall, Benjamin F do 1866 9 Do. Marshall, Edith H American Asylum 1879 11 Do. Marshall, Gilbert F do 1879 9 Do. Marshall, Leslie G do 1882 8 Do. Mayhew, Beiyamin 1858 12 Do. Mayhew, Jared . . . . do 1864 11 Do. Mayo, Hawes do 1865 10 Mother a deaf-mnte. McClave, Robert Ohio Institution 1863 12 Both parents deaf-mntes. McClnrg, DriicUla H Pennsylvania Institution 1877- 12 . Do. McGregor, Bessie Ohio Institution 1883 5 Do. McLaughlin, Amanda Western New York Institution . 1876 6 Do. Meacham, Mary 0 American Asylum '. . 1866 14 Mother a deaf-mnte. Meacham, Marcellia A do 1866 9 Do. Moachani, George , do 1868 8 Do. Meacham, Allen B do 1872 11 Both parents deaf-mutes Meade, Margaret Minnesota School 1873 10 Mother very bard of hearing. Metrash, Robert L. G American Asylum 1872 8 Both parents deaf-mutes. Munson, Lizzie Now York Institution 1879 » .Mother partially deaf (recent). Ormsby, Edward E New York Institution 1870 13 1 Mother " hard of bearing." I Park, James M Columbia Institution 1871 19 Both parents deaf-mutes. i Di) Ohio Institution 1864 12 Do. 

80 MEMOIRS O F T H E NATIONAL A C A D E M Y OF SCIENCES. T A B L E W . — A partial list of deaf children of deaf parents—Continued. Name. Where educated. Remarks. Pier, John W Ohio Inatitution I 1876 Both parents deaf-mutes. Place, Lariasa New York Inatitution 1863 Pather a deaf-mute. Pimm, Joshua R . . . . do • 1858 Both parents deaf-mutes. Pimm, Rachel A do 18G1 Do. Pimm, Martha . . . . do 1864 Do. Pimm, Charles Angastus. . . . do 1867 Do. Purvis, James H Columbia Institution 1865 Do. Purvis, Amanda J Pennsylvnnia Institution 1865 Do. Purvis, Kate L .do . 1870 Do. Purvis, Mary .do . 1872 Do. Purvis, Mary A .do , 1871 Do. Purvis, Timothy .do . 1872 Do. Purvis, James M do . I88U Do. Riggs, Charles A American Asylum 1878 Do. Ramsey, Ann E Pennsylvania Institntion ' 1849 Mother a deaf-mute. Redmond, Henry New York Institution 1883 Both parents deaf-mutes. Richardson, George E Clarke Institution 1880 Mother partially deaf. Rlsley, Lnman L New York Institution 1856 Both parents deaf-mutes. Risley, Charles E do 1870 Do. Roberts, John James do 1877 Eather deaf in one ear. Rogers, Jane I South Carolina Institution 1855 Both parents deaf-mntes. Rogers, "William H do 1858 Do. Rogers, David S do •- 1860 Do. Do Columbia Institution i 1868 Do. Rogers, Laura A South Ciirolinn Institution 1807 Do. Rogers,-Clara A do 1869 Do. Rogers, Nettie S., daughter of Wm. H . Rogers do 1880 Do. SawhUl, Collins S Columbia Inatitution 1878 Do. Do Ohio Institution 1871 Do. Do - Pennsylvania Institution 1869 Do. SawhiU, Isaac H Ohio Institution 1870 Do. Do Columbia Institution 1878 Do. SawhiU, Jesse U Ohio Institution 1871 Do. Sawhill, William L do 1873 Do. Sawhill, Lavinia A do 1876 Do. Schroeder, Anthony Minnesota School 1877 Father very deaf. Scovri, Harriet E American Asylum 1818 Father a deaf-mute. Scovel, Steven , do 1838 Do. Scovel, Olive do 1838 Do. Shannon. William New York Institution 1870 Mother "hard of hearing.' Skelfly, John do 1855 Mother becoming deaf. Stevenson, Charles W Columbia Institution 1863 Both parents deaf-mutes. Do Marjliind School 1868 Do. Stevenson, Georgiana Columbia Institution 1863 Do. Stiles, Penniah Anna New York Institution 1808 Father a little donf. Stralton, Sarah C Pennsylvania Institution 1857 Mother a deaf-mute. Strattou, James Wells New York Institution 1874 Both parents deaf-mutes. Straw, Mary Ohio Institution 1869 Father a deaf-mute. Suart, EmmaM Illinois Institution 1883 Mother partially deaf. Snart, Mabel C do 1883 Do. Sutton, Ross P I Oh:o Institution .. 1883 Both parents deaf-mutes. Swett, Persia H ' Auiorican Asylum .'. 1863 Do. Swett, Charlotte E I do . 1872 Do. Swett, Mitchel 1 do . 1873 Do. Swett, Lucy Maria j Clarke Institution 1882 Do. Sweet, Margaret S American Asylum 1875 Do. Tate, Margaret ' Missouri In«titwtion 1870 Motlior a deaf-mute. Taylor, Anna R American Asylum 1851 Do. Townsend, Albert M Illinois Institution 1873 Both parents deaf-mutes. Turner, Lucy M ' American Asylum 1864 Do. Van Kirk, Joseph S j Pennsylvania Institution 1856 Do. 

T H E FORMATION O F A D E A F V A R I E T Y O F T H E H U M A N RACE. 81 T A B L E W . — A partial list of deaf children of deaf parents—Coutinued. •d . Name. Where educated. aS Remarks. v q3 r§ Van Kirk, John Pennsylvania Institution 1859 11 Both parents deaf-mutes. Van Kirk, Charles H do 1801 11 .Do. Vangbn, Emily W Illinois Institution 1877 9 Do. Watson, Frederick W . . . . California Institntios 1883 15 Mother a deaf-mnte. Webster, Joseph New York Institution 1850 12 Father a deaf-mute. ^WenB,Anna£ Illinois Institution 1803 19 Mother deaf adult life. Wells. Helen D Maryland School 1883 8 Both parents deaf-mutes. West,Rehecca T . . . . Ajnerican Asylum 1850 12 Mother a doaf-mute. West, George do 1801 13 Do. West, Beqjamin D do 1808 15 Butb parents deaf-mutes. West, Deldama J do 1808 12 Do.' Wildfang, Daniel Wisconsin Institution 1800 12 Mother a deaf-mnte. Wildfang, Addle do 1883 8 Both parents deaf-mules- ' WUllams, Laura New Tork Institution 1833 12 Father a deaf-mute. Williams, EUzabeth do : 1840 12 Both parents deaf and dumb. Williams, Harriet...; do 1850 12 Do. . Weldt, WUIiam Louisiana Institution 1883 13 Do. Weldt, A do 1883 11 Do. Weldt, Annie do ,1883 8' Do. Wise, George A New England Industrial School . 1881 11 Do. Wise, Lottie '• do 1881 8 Do. Wolpert, David H Colorado Institution 1874. 7 Fathei'deaf in'one ear. Woplever, Margaret Ann : New York Institution 1803 12 Mother partially deaf. Worcester, Ira E American Asylum 1879 9 Both parents doaf-mntes. . Works, WUIiam 8 New Tork Institution 1848 15 Do. Works, Martha Jane do.; •• 1848 13 Do. Works, Mary Ann . . . . do.... 1851 13 Do.' Works, Charles H :....da 1855 (?) Do. Whittington, Louis Columbia Institution 1809 Mother.a deaf-mnte (I) Wyncoop, Cora A New Tork Institution 1850 Father a deaf-mute. (») Wyncoop, Frederick Western New York Institution . 1877 11 Mother a deaf-mate. Zimmerman, Alice .... Maryland School 1879 8 Both parents deaf-mutes. Zimmerman, Jennie do : 1883 9 Do. 99 A — B E L L -11 

82 , MEMOIRS O F T H E NATIONAL A C A D E M Y O F SCIENCES. T A B L E X.—Showing per capita cost for the education of a deaf chili in an American institution. Number of Amount expended Per capita. Name of inBtitution. Dec. 1, 1S81." fur.snpport. AmeTlcon Asylum, Hartford, Conn 180 $47,641 $264 67 New.York Institution, New York City 481 131,307 273 00 Penosylvnntii Institution : 3ig 71,301 228 51' •KcDlucky Institution 130 26,705 102 12 Ohio Institution 432 70,612 184. 28 Virginia Institution * - •' 85 10,186 22* 7 0 Indiana Institution 825 54,831 105 48 Tennessee Instltntion • 103 24,360 .236 59 North Carolina Institution 00 ' 34,000 344 44 Illinois Institution 508 85,000 167 32 Georgia Instilntion : • 47 14, 241 230 00 South Carolino Institution 37 8,002 218 70 lowalustitutloD 102 37,359 194 57 •Wisconsin Institution 478 40,888 ^9 U Michigan Institution - 240 43,603 17511 Mississippi Institution 1• ---- 67 10,010 140 25 Colamhia Institution (including the National College) 117 51,108 496 64 Alabama Institution, 44 12,600 '284 09 I 108 35, 352 327 80 Califomia'Institu^ont 100 43,416 226 40 Missouri Instltutiiin 146 10, 500 133.56 Kansas Institution ; 128 19,100 148 43 LeCouteauxStMary's* 112 24,425 218 03 Minnesota Institution . 137 35,454 258 78 Improved Instriictiori Institution, New York 88 25,437 287 00 Clarke Institution, Mnssachusetts 50 13, 600 230'55 Arkansas Institution • 84 23,189 276 02 Maryland Institution 260 27,588 no 35 St. Joseph's Institution * 78 10,472 • 249 64 West Virginia Institution 2(1 4, 000 153'84 Oregon Institution 30 7,579 '194 83 Colorado Inatitullon '• •'- 100 34,287 214 29 Central Now York Institution 104 19,011 182 70 •Western Pennsylvania Institution , 116 27,001 240 62 Western New York lnstitntioii ..'. Total. 6,247 1,171,571 223 28 * Conducted by sisters of charity; no salaries paid, t Has a blind department. ) Superiutondunt's last report states per capita cost $183.05, 

T A B L E Y,—Tabular statement eonoernin§ the teaoMng of arliGulation, in the inetHutions of the United-States, May, 1 8 8 3 . I?. 65 a o a No. Name. Location. Chief executive officer. ^.2 1-3 see .2-e till td ts $ p. B i f i • » 1 Americnn Asylum Hartford, Conn 1817 Job TViUlams, M . A., principal 1855 No. (a) 2 188 35 None. 35 2 New York Institution . Washington Heights, 1818 IsaacLewlsPeet,LL.D., principal; Carlton Carson, 1818 No. (6) 8 448 200 33 167 > New York, N . Y . M . D., superintendent and resident physician. hi 3 Pennsylvania Institution . . . Pbiladelphio, Pa 1820 Jo.sh ua Foster, principal 1870 Yes. . 2- 315 70 None. 70 4 Kentucky Institution'. Danville, K y 1823 D. C. Dudley, M. A., 'superintendent; .. None. 146 6 . (<:)6 None. o, 5 Ohio Institution . . . Columbus, Ohio 1829. Benjamin Talbot, M . A.,.actlng superintendent 1868 Yes. . 2 430. 80' None. • 80 6 1 O Virginia Institution Staunton, Va 1830 Charles S. Holier, principal '. : 1876 Yes. 57 . 16 10 0 7 Indiana Institution IndionapoIiSr.Ind 1844 •William Glenn, superintendent 1870 Yes. 1 327 41 None. 41 8 Tennessee School Knoxville, Tenn 1845 Thomas L. MoseSj principal - 1880 Yes. 1- 102 13 13 None.: 0 10 North Carolina Institution . Illinois Institution Rttloigh.N.C Jacksonville, n i 1844. 1846 W. J. Young, principal Philip G. Gillett; L L . D., superintendent : 1880 Yes. ' 1 3 80 10 133 10 None. c 1808 Yes. 523 None. . 133 11 Georgia Institution Cave Spring, Ga 1848. W.O.Connor.principal .. — None. 76 8 None. • 8 > 12. Soutli Carolina Institution.. Cedar Spring, S. C . . . 1840 Newton F. •Walker, superintendent 1R80 Yes. 1 48 6 6 None. 1 13 Missonrilnstitution. Fulton, Mo 1851 William D . K e r r , M . A., superibtendent 1874 Yes. 2 192 53 None. 55 14 Louisiana InstituUun Baton Rouge. La 1852 ' R G . Ferguson, M. A., superintendent . . . . . . : None. 32- . . (d)4 None. 4 15 •Wisconsin Institution Delavan, 'Wis 1S52 John'^W. Swiler, M . A., snperintehdent ... 1808 Yes. '1 100 33 33 None. 16 Michigan Institution Flint, Mich 1854 F. A . Piatt, M . A.,.principal; Dan; H . Church, su. 1876 Yes. 1 245 28 (e)28 None. . perintcndcnt. 17 Iowa Institution. Council Bluffs, Iowa. 1855 Rev. A. Kogers, superintendent 1878 Np.(/) 1 270 28 10 18 18 Mississippi Institution Jackson, Miss 1866 J. E. Dbbyns, superintendent 1882 Yes. 1 . '<2 24 None. 24 o 10 Texas Asylnm Austin, Texas 1857 John-S. Ford, superintendent '. giaio No. (A) None. 87 None. None. None. 20 Colurobia.Institution •Washiostou, D. C . . . 1857 K. M . Galiandet, Ph. D., .LL. D., president. ; 1870 Yes. I 51 34 None. 34 21 Alabama Institution. Talladega, Ala 1860 'Joseph H.Johnson, M . D., principal 45 None.' None. ta. None. None. • 22 California Institution Berkeley, Cal I860' Wan-en Wilkinson, M . A., principal 1831 Yes. .116 ^. 1 43 None: 45 23 Kansas Institution Olathe, Kane 1862 G . L . •Wyokoff, acting suporintendent 1883 Yes. 1 157 32 12 20 a 24 Lo CouteuLv St. Mary's Institution . . Buffalo, N . Y 1862 Sister Mary Anne Burke, principal 1873 .Yes. 1 153 91 17 74 a 25 Minnesota Institution Faribaalt, Minn 1883 Jonathan. L. Noyes, M. A., superintendent 127 26 Institution for Improved Instruction New Yor!i,N. Y 1807 D. Greenbergor, principal .' 1880 .1807 Yes. Yes. 14 1 .166 32 160 6 100. None. 28 > 27 Clarke Institution Northampton, Muss.. 1887 Miss HaiTiet B. Rogers, principal 1867 Yes. • 12 85 86 85 None. 28 Arkansas Institute Little E.)ck. A r k 1868 H . C. Hammond, M . A., principal None. 52 None. None. None. 20 Maryland School Frederick City, M d . 1868 Charles'W. Ely, M . A,, principal 1871 Yes. 2 89 66 None. (i)66 30 N«bniska Institute Omahii, Nebr...- J. A.Gillespie, B.D., principal...... .1881 Yes. 2 94 56 13 43 31 Horace Mann School Boston, Maas Miss SarahFuller,'principal 1869 Yes. 8 83 83 83 None. 32 Whipplels Honie School Mystic Klver. Conn.. 1860 J. •Whipple, proprietor 1868 Yes. 2 12 12 . 12 . None. (a) "Interval of 6 years,' 1863-1868." (6) "Employed, 1818-1821; 1840 one year, and from 1867 to present time." (c) "Semi-mutes taught almost wholly by lip-reading." (d) "Taught by priri- oipal." (e) " T a some-extent." (/•) "Fire interrupted."- "Also in 1880 and'1882." '(ft) "Could" not'procure teacher.'' (i) "'We now give all our young pupils at least a year's careful . QG indtructionjn speech before deciding, wliL-tber the. effort shall be discontinped.or not." -