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Page 93
Suggested Citation:"Chapter 9 - Suggested Research." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Seismic Site Response Analysis with Pore Water Pressure Generation: Guidelines. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27536.
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Page 93
Page 94
Suggested Citation:"Chapter 9 - Suggested Research." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Seismic Site Response Analysis with Pore Water Pressure Generation: Guidelines. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27536.
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Page 94

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93   9.1 Suggested Extensions of This Study Suggested extensions of this study are discussed in the following: • Host a workshop on 1D effective-stress SRA with PWP generation. In addition to the devel- opers of software (and CMs) that were used herein, invite developers whose software was screened but was not used due to the limitations of this study. Participants should use site characterization information gathered, processed, and augmented herein (Appendices B-1 through B-4) and attempt to replicate at least three out of seven case histories of site response developed and presented herein. Internal and external reviewers should be invited as well. • As part of the WLA site exploration program, intact specimens from Units A (clay), B (silty sand), and C (lean clay) (see Figure 6-3) were recovered. Not all of these intact specimens were shipped to a commercial laboratory. The remaining specimens of clay, and one specimen of silty sand, are saved at the Geo-Logic Associates, Inc. (GLA), laboratory for future use. Supple- mental testing may be performed to study (i) the influence on sample age (common practice is to discard samples older than 3 months), and (ii) the influence of device type (e.g., CyDSS type; compare CyDSS and CyTX). On completion of supplemental testing, one could evalu- ate the impact of differences, if significant, on calculated response of the WLA case histories. Similar testing and site response evaluation programs could be performed to compare test results obtained on intact and remolded specimens of WLA silty sand. 9.2 Suggested Follow-Up Activities A suggested follow-up activity would be to develop a National Highway Institute (NHI) short course on the practical application of effective-stress site response analysis and to work with NHI on scheduling and hosting the course. Both virtual and in-person venues should be considered. 9.3 Suggested Follow-Up Studies The stated limitations of this study include: • The software selection herein was limited to commercially available, nonlinear effective-stress specialty software incorporating commonly used constitutive models. • The analyses were limited to site response in one dimension. Therefore, only case histories of 1D response were selected or developed. Software with 2D capabilities was run in 1D mode. • The detailed evaluations (e.g., model parameter development, soil sampling and testing, and element testing) are constrained to the undrained response of sands and silty sands. C H A P T E R 9 Suggested Research

94 Seismic Site Response Analysis with Pore Water Pressure Generation: Guidelines These limitations can be turned into suggested research as follows: • As mentioned in Section 9.1, host a workshop (with open attendance) on the topic of this study. • Expand this study to include 3D software run in 1D mode. (This is a relatively small effort/ extension.) Broader extension would be to commission a similar study that is based on 2D recorded case histories. The evaluations should be performed using 1D, 2D, and possibly 3D software. The 2D and 3D effects on site response could be studied and quantified as well. • Expand this study to include soils other than sands and silty sands. Models for silt (e.g., PM4SILT) are now fully developed and merit further evaluation similar to the limited one presented in this study. Efforts may include recovery of intact samples and the corresponding advanced laboratory testing, model parameter development (element testing), and repeated evaluation of the WLA site case history with parameters of Unit A evaluated in greater detail and modeled with PM4SILT (or similar models).

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One-dimensional (1D) equivalent-linear total-stress site response analysis (SRA) is the de facto standard for state department of transportation (DOT) highway facilities at locations where site-specific ground response analyses are conducted. However, many users and various DOTs have concerns about the applicability of equivalent-linear analyses for the cases where site-specific SRA is most relevant.

NCHRP Research Report 1092: Seismic Site Response Analysis with Pore Water Pressure Generation: Guidelines, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program, presents guidelines for the selection and use of methods for 1D nonlinear seismic SRA with excess pore water pressure generation and dissipation.

Supplemental to the report is NCHRP Web-Only Document 383: Seismic Site Response Analysis with Pore Water Pressure Generation: Resources for Evaluation.

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