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e National Academy of Sciences was established in 1863 by an Act of Congress, signed by President Lincoln, as a private, non- governmental institution to advise the nation on issues related to science and technology. Members are elected by their peers for outstanding contributions to research. Dr. Marcia McNutt is president. e National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964 under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences to bring the practices of engineering to advising the nation. Members are elected by their peers for extraordinary contributions to engineering. Dr. John L. Anderson is president. e National Academy of Medicine (formerly the Institute of Medicine) was established in 1970 under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences to advise the nation on medical and health issues. Members are elected by their peers for distinguished contributions to medicine and health. Dr. Victor J. Dzau is president. e three Academies work together as the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to provide independent, objective analysis and advice to the nation and conduct other activities to solve complex problems and inform public policy decisions. e National Academies also encourage education and research, recognize outstanding contributions to knowledge, and increase public understanding in matters of science, engineering, and medicine. Learn more about the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine at www.nationalacademies.org. e Transportation Research Board is one of seven major program divisions of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. e mission of the Transportation Research Board is to mobilize expertise, experience, and knowledge to anticipate and solve complex transportation-related challenges. e Boardâs varied activities annually engage about 8,500 engineers, scientists, and other transportation researchers and practitioners from the public and private sectors and academia, all of whom contribute their expertise in the public interest. e program is supported by state transportation departments, federal agencies including the component administrations of the U.S. Department of Transportation, and other organizations and individuals interested in the development of transportation. Learn more about the Transportation Research Board at www.TRB.org.
C O O P E R A T I V E R E S E A R C H P R O G R A M S CRP STAFF FOR NCHRP WEB-ONLY DOCUMENT 383 Waseem Dekelbab, Deputy Director, Cooperative Research Programs, and Manager, National Cooperative Highway Research Program Ahmad Abu-Hawash, Senior Program Officer Sheila A. Moore, Senior Program Assistant Natalie Barnes, Director of Publications Heather DiAngelis, Associate Director of Publications Jennifer Correro, Assistant Editor NCHRP PROJECT 12-114 PANEL Field of DesignâArea of Bridges Elmer E. Marx III, Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities, Juneau, AK (Chair) Sharid Khan Amiri, California Department of Transportation, Santa Ana, CA Donald G. Anderson, Jacobs, Bellevue, WA Ashly Cabas, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC Nicholas E. Harman, South Carolina Department of Transportation, Columbia, SC Tim E. Huff, Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, TN Heather Z. Shoup, Illinois Department of Transportation, Springfield, IL Justice Maswoswe, FHWA Liaison Nelson H. Gibson, TRB Liaison Nancy M. Whiting, TRB Liaison
iv Contents APPENDIX A 1 Software ............................................................................................................................................................... 1 2 Constitutive Models ........................................................................................................................................ 10 3 Case Histories ................................................................................................................................................... 17 APPENDIX B 1 Site Exploration Report: Wildlife Liquefaction Array, Imperial County, California .................................. 39 2 Owi Island SiteâSite Characterization .......................................................................................................... 98 3 Port Island SiteâSite Characterization ........................................................................................................ 105 4 Treasure Island SiteâSite Characterization ................................................................................................ 112 APPENDIX C 1 Centrifuge Experiment .................................................................................................................................. 119 2 Strain- and Stress-Controlled CyDSS TestingââIntactâ Specimen of Silty Sand..................................... 142 3 CyDSS TestingâRemolded Specimen ......................................................................................................... 160 APPENDIX D 1 Sample Element TestsâTreasure Island Site: Stress-Controlled Cyclic Direct Simple Shear Test on Medium Dense and Dense Sand ............................................................................................................... 179 2 Element TestsâWLA Site: Strain- and Stress-Controlled Undrained Cyclic Direct Simple Shear Tests Matched with UCSDSAND3 ............................................ 191 3 Calibration of CM Sub-Models ..................................................................................................................... 207
v APPENDIX E 1 Wildlife Liquefaction Array Site: Site Response in the 1987 M 6.2 Elmore Ranch Earthquake ............ 212 2 Wildlife Liquefaction Array Site: Site Response in the 1987 M 6.6 Superstition Hills Earthquake ....... 234 3 Wildlife Liquefaction Array Site: Site Response in the 2012 M 4.9 Hovley Earthquake ........................ 247 4 Owi Island Site â Case Study: Site Response in the 1985 M 6.2 Chiba-Ibaragi Earthquake ................ 267 5 Port Island Site: Site Response in the 1995 M 6.9 HyogokenâNanbu Earthquake ................................ 287 6 Treasure Island Site: Site Response in the 1989 M 6.9 Loma Prieta Earthquake ................................... 305 7 Centrifuge Experiment: Response of Laminar Box that Simulates WLA Site in M 7.1 Earthquake ..... 328 NCHR Web-Only Document 383 contains the appendices for NCHRP Project 12-114 and accompanies NCHRP Research Report 1092: Seismic Site Response Analysis with Pore Water Pressure Genera on: Guidelines. Readers can read or purchase NCHRP Research Report 1092 on the Na onal Academies Press website (nap.na onalacademies.org).