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NATIONAL COOPERATIVE HIGHWAY RESEARCH PROGRAM NCHRP Web-Only Document 400 Considering Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Climate Change in Environmental Reviews CONDUCT OF RESEARCH REPORT Cambridge Systematics, Inc. Medford, MA Georgetown Climate Center Washington, DC Parametrix Seattle, WA Inch and Meter Philadelphia, PA Zamurs and Associates, LLC Slingerlands, NY Conduct of Research Report for NCHRP Project 25-64 Submitted January 2024
NCHRP Web-Only Document 400 Considering Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Climate Change in Environmental Reviews CONDUCT OF RESEARCH REPORT Cambridge Systematics, Inc. Inch and Meter Medford, MA Philadelphia, PA Georgetown Climate Center Zamurs and Associates, LLC Washington, DC Slingerlands, NY Parametrix Seattle, WA Conduct of Research Report for NCHRP Project 25-64 Submitted January 2024 © 2024 by the National Academy of Sciences. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and the graphical logo are trademarks of the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. NATIONAL COOPERATIVE HIGHWAY RESEARCH PROGRAM Systematic, well-designed, and implementable research is the most effective way to solve many problems facing state departments of transportation (DOTs) administrators and engineers. Often, highway problems are of local or regional interest and can best be studied by state DOTs individually or in cooperation with their state universities and others. However, the accelerating growth of highway transportation results in increasingly complex problems of wide interest to highway authorities. These problems are best studied through a coordinated program of cooperative research. Recognizing this need, the leadership of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) in 1962 initiated an objective national highway research program using modern scientific techniquesâthe National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP). NCHRP is supported on a continuing basis by funds from participating member states of AASHTO and receives the full cooperation and support of the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), United States Department of Transportation, under Agreement No. 693JJ31950003. COPYRIGHT INFORMATION Authors herein are responsible for the authenticity of their materials and for obtaining written permissions from publishers or persons who own the copyright to any previously published or copyrighted material used herein. Cooperative Research Programs (CRP) grants permission to reproduce material in this publication for classroom and not-for-profit purposes. Permission is given with the understanding that none of the material will be used to imply TRB, AASHTO, APTA, FAA, FHWA, FTA, GHSA, or NHTSA endorsement of a particular product, method, or practice. It is expected that those reproducing the material in this document for educational and not-for-profit uses will give appropriate acknowledgment of the source of any reprinted or reproduced material. For other uses of the material, request permission from CRP. DISCLAIMER The opinions and conclusions expressed or implied in this report are those of the researchers who performed the research. They are not necessarily those of the Transportation Research Board; the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; the FHWA; or the program sponsors. The Transportation Research Board does not develop, issue, or publish standards or specifications. The Transportation Research Board manages applied research projects which provide the scientific foundation that may be used by Transportation Research Board sponsors, industry associations, or other organizations as the basis for revised practices, procedures, or specifications. The Transportation Research Board, the National Academies, and the sponsors of the National Cooperative Highway Research Program do not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade or manufacturersâ names appear herein solely because they are considered essential to the object of the report. The information contained in this document was taken directly from the submission of the author(s). This material has not been edited by TRB.
The National Academy of Sciences was established in 1863 by an Act of Congress, signed by President Lincoln, as a private, non- governmental institution to advise the nation on issues related to science and technology. Members are elected by their peers for outstanding contributions to research. Dr. Marcia McNutt is president. The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964 under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences to bring the practices of engineering to advising the nation. Members are elected by their peers for extraordinary contributions to engineering. Dr. John L. Anderson is president. The National Academy of Medicine (formerly the Institute of Medicine) was established in 1970 under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences to advise the nation on medical and health issues. Members are elected by their peers for distinguished contributions to medicine and health. Dr. Victor J. Dzau is president. The three Academies work together as the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to provide independent, objective analysis and advice to the nation and conduct other activities to solve complex problems and inform public policy decisions. The National Academies also encourage education and research, recognize outstanding contributions to knowledge, and increase public understanding in matters of science, engineering, and medicine. Learn more about the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine at www.nationalacademies.org. The Transportation Research Board is one of seven major program divisions of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. The mission of the Transportation Research Board is to mobilize expertise, experience, and knowledge to anticipate and solve complex transportation-related challenges. The Boardâs varied activities annually engage about 8,500 engineers, scientists, and other transportation researchers and practitioners from the public and private sectors and academia, all of whom contribute their expertise in the public interest. The program is supported by state transportation departments, federal agencies including the component administrations of the U.S. Department of Transportation, and other organizations and individuals interested in the development of transportation. Learn more about the Transportation Research Board at www.TRB.org.
COOPERATI VE RESEAR CH PROGRAMS CRP STAFF FOR NCHRP WEB-ONLY DOCUMENT 400 Waseem Dekelbab, Deputy Director, Cooperative Research Programs, and Manager, National Cooperative Highway Research Program Michael Brooks, Senior Program Officer Demisha Williams, Senior Program Assistant Natalie Barnes, Director of Publications Heather DiAngelis, Associate Director of Publications Jennifer J. Weeks, Publishing Projects Manager NCHRP PROJECT 25-64 PANEL Field of Transportation PlanningâArea of Human and Natural Environment Bradley M. Sharlow, Michigan Department of Transportation, Lansing, MI (Chair) Joshua S. Fu, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN John Jamison, North Carolina Department of Transportation, Raleigh, NC Taylor LaBrecque, Maine Department of Transportation, Augusta, ME Sharon Natalie Liljenwall, Oregon Department of Transportation, Salem, OR Jackie A. Ploch, Texas Department of Transportation, Austin, TX Stacy DeGabriele Williams, TRC, Boston, MA Rebecca K. Lupes, FHWA Liaison Christine L. Gerencher, TRB Liaison AUTHOR ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The research reported herein was performed under National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Project 25-64 by Cambridge Systematics, Inc.; the Georgetown Climate Center; Parametrix; Inch and Meter; and Zamurs and Associates, LLC. Chris Porter of Cambridge Systematics was the Principal Investigator. Joshua Proudfoot of Parametrix, Annie Bennett and Katie Spidalieri of Georgetown Climate Center, Jelena Matic of Inch and Meter, and John Zamurs of Zamurs and Associates, LLC were the principal subject matter contributors from the project team. Additional research support was provided by Adrienne Heller and Benjamin Eskin of Cambridge Systematics and by Nicole Somers of Inch and Meter and Aaron Toneys of Parametrix. Advisory consulting services were provided by Samuel Jordan (Baltimore Transit Equity Coalition), Thomas LeFebvre (Center for Latino Progress/Transport Hartford), and Harrison Humphreys (Air Alliance Houston). The project team also acknowledges the assistance of State DOT staff who served as lead points of contact for the pilot application of the guide. These included Theresa Takushi and Matt Muraro (Colorado DOT) and Nastasha Earle-Young (North Carolina DOT).
TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1: Summary ............................................................................................................... 1 Purpose of Project ....................................................................................................................... 1 Project Approach ........................................................................................................................ 1 Key Findings ............................................................................................................................... 1 Suggestions for Additional Research .......................................................................................... 2 CHAPTER 2: Project Approach ................................................................................................. 3 CHAPTER 3: Review of Current Practice, Methods, and Tools ............................................. 4 Review of Current Practice ......................................................................................................... 4 Review of Tools and Methods .................................................................................................... 5 GHG Assessment Tools ......................................................................................................... 6 Climate Change Effects Tools ............................................................................................... 6 Equity Assessment Tools ....................................................................................................... 7 CHAPTER 4: Outreach and Implementation Activities ........................................................... 9 DOT Surveys, Interviews, and Peer Exchanges ......................................................................... 9 Surveys and Interviews .......................................................................................................... 9 Peer Exchanges .................................................................................................................... 10 Key Findings ........................................................................................................................ 10 NGO/CBO Surveys, Interviews, and Workshop ...................................................................... 12 Involvement Process ............................................................................................................ 12 Key Takeaways .................................................................................................................... 13 Pilot Applications ..................................................................................................................... 14 How the Outreach Informed the Guide..................................................................................... 15 CHAPTER 5: Additional Research........................................................................................... 16 APPENDIX A: State DOT Survey Instrument ...................................................................... A-1 APPENDIX B: State DOT Survey Responses ........................................................................ B-1 APPENDIX C: State DOT Interview Questions .................................................................... C-1 APPENDIX D: NGO-CBO Survey Instrument ..................................................................... D-1 NCHRP Web-Only Document 400 contains the Conduct of Research Report for NCHRP Project 25-64 and accompanies NCHRP WebResource 3: GHG Emissions and Climate Change in Environmental Reviews. Readers can find NCHRP WebResource 3 at crp.trb.org/nchrpwebresource3/. iv
