Toxicants Occurring Naturally in Foods. (1966)

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DISCUSSION 285 8. J. Szepsenwol, ‘“‘Carcinogenic Effect of Egg White, Egg Yolk and Lipids in Mice,” Proc. Soc. Exptl. Biol. Med., 112, 1073 (1963). 9. P. Vohra and F. H. Kratzer, ““Growth Inhibitory Effect of Certain Polysac- charides for Chicken,” Poultry Sci., 43, 1164 (1964). 10. A. C. Frazer, “‘Deleterious Effects Due to Wheat Gluten,” Food Cosmetic Toxicol., 2, 670 (1964). 11. H. A. Schroeder, ‘“‘Renal Cadmium and Essential Hypertension,” J. Am. Med. Assoc., 187, 358 (1964). 12. H. A. Schroeder and W. H. Vinton, ‘“‘Hypertension Induced in Rats by Small Doses of Cadmium,” Am. J. Physiol., 202, 515 (1962).

Contributors Roslyn B. Alfin-Slater, PhD, Division of Nutritional Science, School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles Anthony M. Ambrose, PhD, Professor of Pharmacology, Medical College of Virginia Frank R. Blood, PhD, Vanderbilt University Medical Center George M. Briggs, PhD, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Califor- nia, Berkeley C. L. Comar, PhD, Department of Physical Biology, New York State Veterinary College, Cornell University J. M. Coon, M.D., PhD, Department of Pharmacology, Jefferson Medical College Donald G. Crosby, PhD, Agricultural Toxicology and Residue Research Laboratory, University of California, Davis George K. Davis, PhD, Director, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Florida Edward Eagle, PhD, Division of Physiology, Toxicology, and Histology, Swift and Company D. W. Fassett, M.D., Eastman Kodak Company Richard L. Hall, PhD, Director of Research and Development, McCormick and Company, Inc. A. E. Harper, PhD, Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin Samuel Lepkovsky, PhD, Department of Poultry Husbandry, University of Cali- fornia, Berkeley Irwin E. Liener, PhD, Department of Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Herbert C. Mansmann, Jr., M.D., Department of Pediatrics, University of Pitts- burgh School of Medicine and Heinz Memorial Laboratories of the Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh James F. Mead, PhD, Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Biology, Department of Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Uni- versity of California, Los Angeles George R. Meneely, M.D., Section of Nuclear and Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute, Houston; and Department of Medicine, Louisiana State Medical Center, New Orleans. 287

288 CONTRIBUTORS James A. Miller, PhD, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Medical Center, University of Wisconsin Rosemarie Ostwald, PhD, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of California, Berkeley Guilford G. Rudolph, PhD, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Martin Stob, PhD, Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University F. M. Strong, PhD, Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin A. G. van Veen, PhD, Graduate School of Nutrition, Cornell University J. H. Wills, Jr., PhD, Institute of Experimental Pathology and Toxicology, Albany Medical College Benjamin J. Wilson, PhD, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University

Index A Abalone liver poisoning, 152 Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd., coumarin in, 169 Achillea millefolium L., thujone in, 170 Ackee, 180 hypoglycemia from, 181 Aconitum poisoning, 66 Aflatoxin, 130 as carcinogen, 26 Alfalfa as antivitamin, 99 estrogen in, 19 Alimentary toxic aleukia from Fusarium sporotrichiodes, 134 Allergen-reagin reactions definition, 75 in foods, 87 Allergenicity, definition, 74 Allergens definition, 74 foods as, 82 Allyl isothiocyanate, foods containing, 166 p-Allylmethylenedioxybenzene as car- cinogen, 32 Almonds cyanogenetic glycosides in, 59 poisoning from, 64 Amines, pressor, 94 Amino acids, 221 requirements of child, 223 of man, 222 of rat, 224 a- Amino - 8 - cyclopropany] - propionic acid, hypoglycemia from, 181 Aminophylline poisoning, 67 g-Aminopropionitrile as lathyrogen, 43 s-Aminopropionitrile fumarate poison- ing, 96 Amygdalin, source and composition of, 59 Anethole, chemical classification and source of, 19 Anise oil, estrogen in, 19 Antibiotin, 102 Anticholine, 101 Antienzymes, 105 Antifolic acid, 101 Antigen-antibody reactions definition, 75 in foods, 85 Antigenicity, definition, 73 Antigens definition, 73 foods as, 76 Antipellagra factor, 100 Antipyridoxine factors, 101 Antithiamine, 100 Antithyroid compounds, 33 Antitrypsin as anticoagulant, 100 Antivitamin A, 99 Antivitamin Bi:, 101 Antivitamin E, 99 Antivitamin K, 100 Antivitamins, 98 289

290 Anthraquinone derivatives, 259 Anthraquinone glycosides, 260 Apple, estrogenic activity in, 19 Stayman, cholinesterase inhibitors in, 113, 114 Arachis gypogaea hemagglutinins in, 52 poisoning, 65 Arsenic as goitrogen, 9, 10 Artemisia absinthium L., thujone in, 170 Ascorbic acid, 206 doses, 199 effects of large, in animals, 200 effects of large, in man, 199 recommended allowances, 199 Asparagus, cholinesterase inhibitors in, 114 DL-Aspartic acid as antivitamin Bj», 101 Aspergillic acid, toxin in Aspergillus flavus, 132 Aspergillus in animal feed disease, 129 Aspergillus chevalieri in animal feed disease, 130 Aspergillus clavatus in animal feed disease, 130 Aspergillus flavus in animal feed disease, 130 as carcinogen, 26 as cause of renal damage in animals, 132 Aspergillus fumigatus as cause of renal damage in animals, 132 Aspergillus luchuensis as oxalate syn- thesizer, 132 Aspergillus niger as oxalate synthesizer, 132 Asperula odorata L., coumarin in, 169 Atherosclerosis, vitamin D as cause of, 193 Atropa belladonna L. poisoning, 68 Bananas pressor amines in, 95 Sporidesmium bakeri in, 137 Barbarea vulgaris as goitrogen, 6 Barley estrogenic activity in, 19 Fusarium in, 134 Bean black INDEX hemagglutinins in, 52 physical constants of, 53 broad, hemagglutinins in, 52 castor hemagglutinins in, 51, 52 physical constants of, 53 djenkol, anuria from, 175 fava cyanogenetic glycosides in, 59 in favism, 47 hemagglutinins in, 52 field, hemagglutinins in, 52 French, hemagglutinins in, 52 green, hemagglutinins in, 52 horse, hemagglutinins in, 52 hyacinth, hemagglutinins in, 52 jack hemagglutinins in, 52 physical constants of, 53 kidney hemagglutinins in, 52 physical constants of, 53 lima cyanogenetic glycoside in, 59 hemagglutinins in, 52 trypsin inhibitor in, 106 mung, hemagglutinins in, 52 navy, hemagglutinins in, 52 pinto, hemagglutinins in, 52 sword, hemagglutinins in, 52 tonka, coumarin in, 168 white, hemagglutinins in, 52 Beet, sugar, cholinesterase inhibitor in, 114 Bengal gram, cyanogenetic glycosides in, 59 Beta vulgaris L., cholinesterase inhibitor in, 114 Biochanin A, chemical classification and source of, 19 Biotin, 202 doses, 199 effects of large, in animals, 200 effects of large, in man, 199 recommended allowances, 199 Blighia sapida, 180 hypoglycemia from, 181 Blood, proteolytic inhibitors in, 108 Bongkrek poisoning, 179 Bovine colostrum, proteolytic inhibitors in, 108 Boxwood, cholinesterase inhibitor in, 112

INDEX Bracken as antithiamine, 100 as carcinogen, 33 Brassica juncea (L.) Coss., allyl iso- thiocyanate in, 166 Brassica oleracea, goitrogens in, 11 Brassica oleraceae L., var. botrytis, cholinesterase inhibitors in, 113 Brassica seeds as goitrogen, 4 Brassicae allyl isothiocyanate in, 166 goitrogens in, 3, 4, 5 Broccoli allyl isothiocyanate in, 166 cholinesterase inhibitors in, 113 goitrogens in, 4 Brussels sprouts, goitrogens in, 4, 11 Buckwheat Aspergillus flavus in, 131 fagopyrism from, 280 Fusarium in, 134 Butter, vitamin D content of, 192 Butyl thiocyanate as goitrogen, 6 Buxus sempervirens, cholinesterase in- hibitor in, 112 Cc Cabbage allyl isothiocyanate in, 166 antithyroid compound in, 33 Chinese, as goitrogen, 4 goitrogens in, 3, 4, 5, 11 Cadmium in hypertension, 282 Caffeine as stimulant, 66 Calcium, 232 as goitrogen, 9 phytates in assimilation of, 281 Canavalia ensiformis hemagglutinins in, 52 physical constants of, 53 Canavalia gladiata, hemagglutinins in, 52 Candy bar, Swiss, vitamin D content of, 192 Capsaicin in red peppers, 167 Capsella bursa pastoris as goitrogen, 7 Capsicum, capsaicin in, 167 Carbohydrates as antithiamine, 100 in dental caries, 281 Carcinogenic natural products, 24 291 Carolina jessamine poisoning, 69 Carotene, antivitamins for, 99 Carp as antithiamine, 100 Carrageenin as carcinogen, 34 Carrot cholinesterase inhibitor in, 114 estrogenic activity in, 19 as goitrogen, 3 myristicin in, 167 Cassie, coumarin in, 169 Cauliflower as goitrogen, 6 Cedar leaf oil, thujone in, 170 Celery cholinesterase inhibitor in, 114 myristicin in, 167 Cephalopod poisoning, 149 Cereals, breakfast, vitamin D content of, 192 Cerebellar ataxia, 138 Cetyloleate, seborrhea from, 237 Cheese Camembert, pressor amine in, 95 as pressor amine, 96 Stilton, pressor amines in, 95 Cherries, estrogenic activity in, 19 Cherry, wild, bark, cyanogenetic gly- coside in, 59 Chicken, trypsin inhibitor in, 108 Chimaeroid poisoning, 149 Chlorine as goitrogen, 9 Cholesterol as carcinogen, 34 Choline, 206 doses, 199 effects of large, in animals, 200 effects of large, in man, 199 recominended allowances, 199 Cholinesterase inhibitors, 112 Chondro-osteodystrophy from Fusarium sporotrichiella, 134 Cicer arietinum, cyanogenetic glycosides in, 59 Cicuta maculata poisoning, 65 Ciguatera poisoning, 147 etiology of, 152 Cinnamomum micranthum Hayata, safrol in, 169 Citral as antivitamin A, 100 Citreoviridin, toxin in Penicillium citreo- virede, 133 Citrinin, toxin in Penicillium citrinum, 133 Citrus sinensis, cholinesterase inhibitors in, 113

292 Cladosporium epiphyllurm, 138 Cladosporium fagi, 138 Claviceps paspali in animal poisoning, 129 Claviceps purpurea and ergotism, 127, 129 as tumorigen, 25 Clover as goitrogen, 7 red, estrogens in, 19 sweet, hay, as antivitamin K, 100 white, cholinesterase inhibitor in, 114 yellow sweet, coumarin in, 169 Clupeoid poisoning, 150 Cobalt, 231 as goitrogen, 9, 10 in polycythemia, 231 Cochlearia armoracia, goitrogen in, 6 Cochlearia officinalis as goitrogen, 6 Cocoa seeds, stimulants in, 66 Coconut oil, estrogenic activity in, 19 Cod liver oil as antivitamin E, 99 vitamin D content of, 192 Coffee beans, stimulant in, 66 Compositae fam. Campanulales as goi- trogen, 7 Conringia orientalis, goitrogens in, 4, 6 Copaifera lansdorfi, coumarin in, 169 Copper, 229 as goitrogen, 10 Corn as antipellagra, 100 aspergilli in, 130 oil, estrogenic activity in, 19 Coronopus didymus as goitrogen, 7 Cottonseed gossypol from, 242 meal in trout hepatomas, 131 oil, estrogenic activity in, 19 Coumarin, 19 foods containing, 168 Coumestrol, chemical classification and source of, 19 Coyotillo plant as depressant, 67 Cress pepper, as goitrogen, 7 swine’s, as goitrogen, 7 winter, as goitrogen, 6 Cruciferae fam. Papaverales as goitrogen, 7 Crustacea, antithiamine in, 100 f£-Cyano-L-alanine as lathyrogen, 43 INDEX Cyanogenetic glycosides, 58 Cyanoglycosides as goitrogens, 9, 11 Cycads as carcinogens, 30 as depressants, 69 Cycas circinalis L. as depressant, 69 Cycasin as carcinogen, 30 Cyclostome poisoning, 150 Cystine requirements of child, 223 of man, 222 of rat, 224 Cytisine poisoning, 66 D Daidzein, chemical classification and source of, 19 Datura stramonium poisoning, 62 Death camas poisoning, 68 Deer tongue, coumarin in, 169 Dendrodochium toxicum in human and horse disease, 138 Dental caries, carbohydrates in, 281 Depressants, 67 Dermonecrosis from Fusarium sporo- trichiella, 134 Dhurrin, source and composition of, 59 a,y-Diaminobutyric acid as lathyrogen, 41, 43 Diazomethane as carcinogen, 32 Dichapetalum toxicarium, fatty acids in, 236 Dicoumarol as antivitamin K, 100 1,2-Diethiacyclopentyl-4-ene-3-thione as goitrogen, 11 Dihydrosafrole, carcinogens in, 32 Diiodotyrosine as antigoitrogen, 4 Dill, myristicin in, 167 5,5-Dimethyl-2-thiooxazolidone as goi- trogen, 4, 6 Dioscorea dumetorum, depressant in, 68 Dioscorea hispida, depressant in, 68 Diploidia zeae in cattle intoxication, 138 Dipteryx odorata (Aubl.) Willd., cou- marin in, 168 Disulfiram and alcohol, 281 Djenkol, 175 Dolichos lablab, hemagglutinins in, 52 Dopamine as pressor amine, 95 Duck, trypsin and chymotrypsin in- hibitors in, 108

INDEX ° E allergens in man, 83 antigens in animals, 78 antigens in man, 81 white, trypsin inhibitor in, 107 yolk estrogenic activity in, 20 vitamin D content of, 192 Eggplant, cholinesterase inhibitor in, 113 Elasmobranch poisoning, 150 Elder bark, cyanogenetic glycoside in, 59 Enzyme inhibitors of animal origin, 107 of plant origin, 105 Ergot, 127 as tumorigen, 25 Ergothionine as goitrogen, 9, 10 Eruca sativa, allyl isothiocyanate in, 166 Estriol, chemical classification and source of, 19 Estrogens, 18 Estrone, chemical classification and source of, 19 Ethionine as carcinogen, 28 Evernia furfuracea (L.) Mann, thujone in, 170 Evernia prunastri (L.) Ach., thujone in, 170 F Facial eczema from Pithomyces chart- arum, 136 Fagopyrism from buckwheat, 280 Fats, food, 236 integral components of, 236 substances soluble in, 239 Favism, 47 Fish oils, unsaturated, as antivitamin E, 99 Flavacol, toxin in Aspergillus flavus, 132 Fluorine as goitrogen, 9 w-Fluoro fatty acids in Dichapetalum toxicarium, 236 Folic acid, 204 doses, 199 effects of large, in animals, 200 effects of large, in man, 199 recommended allowances, 199 Food intolerance immunological, 85 nonimmunological, 89 293 Formononetin, chemical classification and source of, 19 Fungal toxins, 126 Fusarium, 134 Fusarium graminearum in vulvovaginitis, 138 Fusarium sporotrichiella in alimentary toxic aleukia, 134 in dermonecrosis, 134 in Kaschin-Beck disease, 134 in leukopenia, 134 Fusarium sporotrichioides in alimentary toxic aleukia, 134 G Gamma-globulins, 74 Garlic, estrogenic activity in, 19 Gelsemium sempervirens poisoning, 69 Gempylid poisoning, 150 Genistein, chemical classification and source of, 19 Genistin, chemical classification and source of, 19 Gibberella zeae in vulvovaginitis, 138 Ginger, Japanese wild, safrol in, 169 Glycerylmonopalmitate toxicity in mice, 237 Glycerylmonostearate toxicity in mice, 237 Glycine max hemagglutinins in, 52 physical constants of, 53 Glycine toxicity in vitamin Bi. de- ficiency, 101 Glycosides cyanogenetic, 58 hydrogen cyanide in, 165 Goitrogens, 3 alcohol-soluble, 8 Goldenchain poisoning, 66 Goose, trypsin inhibitor in, 108 Gossypol, 242 Gram, horse, hemagglutinins in, 52 Grass, sorrel, poisoning, 257 Griseofulvin as tumorigen and carcino- gen, 25 Groundnut hemagglutinins in, 52 poisoning, 65 Guar gum meal, trypsin inhibitor in, 107 Guinea, trypsin and chymotrypsin in- hibitors in, 108

294 H Halides, noniodine, as goitrogens, 9 Hallucinogenic fish poisoning, 150 Helenium tenuifolium poisoning, 65 Hemagglutinins, 51 Hemlock, American water, poisoning, 65 Hemorrhagic conditions from antivita- min K, 100 Henbane poisoning, 66 Hepato-hemorrhagic syndrome in ani- mals, aspergilli in, 130 Hepatomas in animal disease, aspergilli in, 130 Herring meal, carcinogens in, 32 pickled, pressor amines in, 96 vitamin D content of, 192 Histamine as pressor amine, 95 Histidine requirements of child, 223 of man, 222 of rat, 224 Honey estrogenicity of, 19 poisoning, 65, 281 Horseradish allyl isothiocyanate in, 166 goitrogen in, 6 Hydrogen cyanide in glycosides, 165 Hydroxyaspergillic acid, toxin in Asper- gillus flavus, 132 5-Hydroxytryptamine as pressor amine, 95 Hypercalcemia and vitamin D toxicity, 191 Hypercholesteremia and vitamin D toxicity, 191 Hyperkeratosis in animals, aspergilli in, 130 Hypersensitivity component, delayed, definition, 74 Hypersensitivity reactions, delayed definition, 76 from foods, 83 Hypertension cadmium in, 282 and sodium chloride, 269 Hypertensive crisis from pressor amines, 96 Hyperthyroidism as antivitamin E, 99 and pressor amines, 96 * INDEX Hypervitaminosis A, 186, 189 Hypoglycemia from ackee fruit, 181 from Pseudomonas cocovenenans, 180 Hypoprothrombinemia from antivitamin K, 100 I Immunoglobulin G, 74 3-Indolylacetoniirile as goitrogen, 11 Iodine as antigoitrogen, 5 deficiency as goitrogen, 12 Iron, 230 Islandicin, toxin in Penicillium islandi- cum, 133 Isoflavones, 19 Isoleucine requirements of child, 223 of man, 222 of rat, 224 1-Isonicotinyl-2-isopropylhydrazide phosphate poisoning, 95 Kale antithyroid compound in, 33 goitrogens in, 4, 6, 7 Karwinskia humboldtiana as depressant, 67 Kava-kava, 176 Kellogg’s All-Bran, vitamin D content of, 192 Kidney disease in animals, aspergilli in, 130 Kohlrabi, goitrogens in, 4, 7 Kojic acid, 131 Kola nut, stimulant in, 66 L Laburnum antithyroid compound in, 33 poisoning, 66 Lard as antivitamin B12, 101 Lathyrogens, 40 Lathryus aurantius, classification and lathyrogenic content of, 43 Lathyrus cicera as lathyrogen, 40 Lathyrus cirrhosus, classification and lathyrogenic content of, 43

INDEX Lathyrus clymenum as lathyrogen, 40 Lathyrus gorgoni, classification and lathyrogenic content of, 43 Lathyrus grandifiora, classification and lathyrogenic content of, 43 Lathyrus heterophyllus, classification and lathyrogenic content of, 43 Lathyrus hirsutus classification and lathyrogenic content of, 43 as lathyrogen, 40 Lathyrus laevigatus, classification and lathyrogenic content of, 43 Lathyrus latifolius classification and lathyrogenic con- tent of, 43 as lathyrogen, 40 Lathyrus lutus, classification and lathyro- genic content of, 43 Lathyrus multiflora, classification and lathyrogenic content of, 43 Lathyrus odoratus classification and lathyrogenic con- tent of, 43 hemagglutinins in, 52 as lathyrogen, 40 Lathyrus pusillus classification and lathyrogenic con- tent of, 43 as lathyrogen, 40 Lathyrus roseus, classification and lathy- rogenic content of, 43 Lathyrus rotundifolius, classification and lathrogenic content of, 43 Lathyrus sativus classification and lathyrogenic con- tent of, 43 as lathyrogen, 40 Lathyrus sylvestris Wagneri classification and lathyrogenic con- tent of, 43 as lathyrogen, 40 Lathyrus tuberosus, classification and lathyrogenic content of, 43 Latuca virosa as depressant, 69 Laurel California bay safrol in, 169 umbellulone in, 166 cherry, cyanogenetic glycoside in, 59 Lavandula officinalis Chaix, coumarin in, 169 Lavender, coumarin in, 169 Lemons, pressor amines in, 95 295 Lens esculenta, hemagglutinins in, 52 Lentil], hemagglutinins in, 52 Lepidium ruderale as goitrogen, 7 Lettuce, wild, as depressant, 69 Leucaena glauca, 177 hair loss from, 178 Leucine as antivitamin By», 101 requirements of child, 223 of man, 222 of rat, 224 Leukopenia from Fusarium sporo- trichiella, 134 Levisticum officinale Koch, coumarin in, 169 Licorice root, estrogenic activity in, 19 Linoleic acid as antivitamin, 99 Linseed oil estrogenic activity in, 19 meal, as antipyridoxine, 101 Lipogranuloma from saturated fats, 237 Lipoxidase as antivitamin, 99 Liver calf, vitamin D content of, 192 disease in animals, aspergilli in, 130 polar bear, in vitamin A poisoning, 187 rachitogenic factor in, 99 Locust bark poisoning, 68 Lotus arabicus, cyanogenetic glycoside in, 59 Lotusin, source and composition of, 59 Lovage, coumarin in, 169 Luteoskyrin, toxin in Penicillium is- landicum, 133 Lycopene toxicity, 281 Lysine requirements of child, 223 of man, 222 of rat, 224 M Mace myristicin in, 167 safrol in, 169 Mackerel, vitamin D content of, 192 Magnesium, 233 as antigoitrogen, 12 Maize as antipellagra, 100 Sporidesmium bakeri in, 137

296 Malus sylvestris Mill., cholinesterase inhibitors in, 113 Manganese, 231 Margarine, vitamin D content of, 192 Melilotus officinalis, coumarin in, 169 Mellitoxin poisoning, 65 Mescaline as hallucinogen, 63 . Methemoglobinemia from spinach, 253 Methionine requirements of child, 223 of man, 222 of rat, 224 3,3’-Methylenebis [4-hydroxycou- marin] as antivitamin A, 100 +-Methylsulfonylpropyl isothiocyanate as goitrogen, 6 Micranthum oil, safrol in, 169 Milk cow’s allergens in man, 82 antigen-antibody reaction from, 85 antigen-reagin reactions from, 87 antigens in animals, 77 antigens in man, 79 vitamin D content of, 192 dairy, fortified, vitamin D content of, 192 estrogenic activity in, 9 evaporated, vitamin D content of, 192 goat’s allergens in man, 83 antigens in animals, 78 antigens in man, 81 goitrogens in, 7 human allergens in man, 83 antigens in animals, 78 antigens in man, 81 vitamin D content of, 192 powdered skim, vitamin D content of, 192 Millet Cladosporium epiphyllum in, 138 cyanogenetic glycosides in, 59 Fusarium in, 134 Miroestrol, chemical classfication and source of, 19 Moray eel poisoning, 148 Mucor albo-ater, 138 Mucor hiemalis, 138 Mustard brown, allyl isothiocyanate in, 166 hare’s ear, goitrogens in, 4, 6 Myristica fragans poisoning, 64 INDEX Myristica fragrans Houtt., myristicin in, 167 Myristicin foods containing, 167 in nutmeg poisoning, 63 N Naringen as gastrointestinal irritant, 280 Niacin doses, 199 effects of large, in animals, 200 effects of large, in man, 199 recommended allowances, 199 Nicotinamide, 204 as anticholine and antifolic acid, 101 doses, 199 effects of large, in animals, 200 effects of large, in man, 199 recommended allowances, 199 Nicotine poisoning, 65 Nicotiniana tabacum L., cholinesterase inhibitor in, 114 Nicotinic acid, 204, 219 as antipellagra, 100 Nitrates, 250 Nitrites, 250 B-Nitropropionic acid, toxin in Asper- gillus flavus, 132 N-Nitroso-N-methylaniline as carcino- gen, 28 Norepinephrine as pressor amine, 95 Nutmeg myristicin in, 167 poisoning, 63 safrol in, 169 O Oak moss, thujone in, 170 Oats Aspergillus flavus in, 130 estrogenic activity in, 19 Fusarium in, 134 green, rachitogenic factors in, 98 Octopamine as pressor amine, 95 Olive oil, estrogenic activity in, 19 Oranges antivitamin A in, 100 Valencia, cholinesterase inhibitors in, 113, 114 Ovomucoid as trypsin inhibitor, 107

INDEX Oxalates, 257 Oxalic acid, 131 B-N-Oxalyl-a,6-diaminopropionic acid as lathyrogen, 43 Oyster poisoning, 152 P Palm kernel, estrogen in, 19 Pancreas, beef, proteolytic enzyme in- hibitors in, 108 Pancreatic hypertrophy from soybean meal, 106 Pantothenic acid, 202 doses, 199 effects of large, in animals, 200 effects of large, in man, 199 recommended allowances, 199 Papaver orientale, cholinesterase in- hibitor in, 112 Parasorbic acid as carcinogen, 34 Parsley estrogenic activity in, 19 myristicin in, 167 Parsnips, photosensitization from, 280 Passion fruit, pressor amine in, 95 Patulin (clavacin), toxin in Penicillium urticae, 133 Pawpaw, pressor amine in, 95 Caley, as lathyrogen, 40 flat, as lathyrogen, 40 singletary, as lathyrogen, 40 sweet hemagglutinins in, 52 as lathyrogen, 40 Peach, goitrogens in, 3 Peanut Aspergillus in, 129 butter, aflatoxins in, 29 as goitrogen, 11 hemagglutinins in, 52 hepatotoxic-carcinogenic substance in, 126 aspergilli in, 130 as carcinogen, 27 oil, estrogenic activity in, 19 Pear, goitrogens in, 3 Pellagragenic factor, 100 Penicillia, 132 Penicillium citreo-virede, toxin in, 133 Penicillium citrinum, toxins in, 133 297 Penicillium griseofulvum as tumorigen and carcinogen, 25 Penicillium islandicum toxins in, 133 as tumorigen, 25 Penicillium puberulum, aflatoxin in, 28, 131 Penicillium purpurogenum, toxigenicity of, in chickens, 133 Penicillium rubrum as hepatotoxicant, 28, 133 Penicillium rugulosum, toxin in, 133 Penicillium urticae, toxin in, 133 Pepper, red, capsaicin in, 167 Periwinkle, cholinesterase inhibitor in, 112 Petunia, cholinesterase inhibitor in, 112 Petunia hybrida, cholinesterase inhibitor in, 112 Peyote as hallucinogen, 63 Phaseolunatin, source and composition of, 59 Phaseolus aureus, hemagglutinins in, 52 Phaseolus lunatus cyanogenetic glycoside in, 59 hemagglutinins in, 52 Phaseolus vulgaris hemagglutinins in, 52 physical constants of, 53 Pheasant, chymotrypsin inhibitor in, 108 Phenanthrene, 19 Phenylalanine requirements of child, 223 of man, 222 of rat, 224 Phenylethylamine as pressor amine, 95 5-Phenyl-2-thiooxazolidone as goitro- gen, 6 Photosensitization from parsnips, 280 Physostigma venenosum, cholinesterase inhibitor in, 112 Phytates in calcium assimilation, 281 Phytic acid as rachitogenic factor, 98 Pineapple green, pressor amine in, 95 juice, pressor amine in, 95 ripe, pressor amine in, 95 Piper methysticum, 176 Pithomyces chartarum in facial eczema, 136 Plantains cooked, pressor amines in, 95

298 Plantains (continued) green, pressor amines in, 95 ripe, pressor amines in, 95 Piums, estrogenic activity in, 19 Polycythemia from cobalt, 231 Polygonaceae poisoning, 257 Polysulfides as goitrogens, 9 Poppy, cholinesterase inhibitor in, 112 Porpoise poisoning, 151 Potassium, protective effect of, in so- dium chloride toxicity, 275 Potassium iodide as antigoitrogen, 4 Potassium nitrate in cattle death, 250 Potatoes Cherokee, cholinesterase inhibitor in, 113 cholinesterase inhibitors in, 112 estrogenic activity in, 19 goitrogens in, 10 Irish, cholinesterase inhibitor in, 113, 114 red lasoda, cholinesterase inhibitor in, 113 red Pontiac, cholinesterase inhibitor in, 113 sweet, trypsin inhibitor in, 107 white cholinesterase inhibitor in, 113 trypsin inhibitor in, 107 Propylthiouracil as goitrogen, 4 Prulaurasin, source and composition of, 59 Prunasin, source and composition of, 59 Prunes as gastrointestinal irritants, 281 Prunetin, chemical classification and source of, 19 Prunus spp., estrogen in, 19 Pseudomonas cocovenenans, hypoglyce- mia from, 180 Pteridiurm aquilinum, as carcinogen, 33 Pueraria sp., estrogen in, 19 Puffer fish poisoning, 149 Pyridoxine, 202 doses, 199 effects of large, in animals, 200 effects of large, in man, 199 recommended allowances, 199 Pyrrolizidine alkaloids as carcinogens, 29 Q Quail, 174 trypsin and chymotrypsin in, 108 INDEX R Rachitogenic factors, 98 Radioactivity, 117 in foodstuffs, 122 in water, 121 Radish, cholinesterase inhibitor in, 114 Rapeseed antithyroid compound in, 33 goitrogens in, 4 Rapistrum rugosum, goitrogen in, 6, 7 Reagin, definition, 74 Reseda luteola as goitrogen, 6 Rheum rhaponticum L. poisoning, 257 Rhubarb poisoning, 257 Riboflavin, 203 doses, 199 effects of large, in animals, 200 effects of large, in man, 199 recommended allowances, 199 Rice Aspergillus flavus in, 131 bran, estrogenic activity in, 19 oil, estrogenic activity in, 19 estrogenic activity in, 19 Penicillium toxins in, 133 Sporidesmium bakeri in, 137 yellow, as tumorigen, 25 Ricin as hemagglutinin, 51 Ricinus communis hemagglutinins in, 52 physical constants of, 53 Robinia pseudoacacia poisoning, 68 Rocket salad, allyl isothiocyanate in, 166 Rugulosin, toxin in Penicillium rugu- losum, 133 Rumex acetosa L. poisoning, 257 Rutabaga, goitrogens in, 3, 4, 5 Rye Aspergillus flavus in, 131 Fusarium in, 134 meal in ergotism, 128 Safflower oil, estrogenic activity in, 19 Safrol, foods containing, 169 Safrole as carcinogen, 32 Sage leaves, estrogenic activity in, 19 thujone in, 170 Salmon, canned, vitamin D content of, 192

INDEX Salvia officinalis L., thujone in, 170 Sambrinigrin, source and composition of, 59 Saphrophytes, 126 Saphrophytic species in toxic animal disease, 126 Sarcoidosis, vitamin D as cause of, 193 Sardines, canned, vitamin D content of, 192 Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees., safrol in, 169 Sassafras, oil of carcinogens in, 32 safrol in, 169 Sauerkraut juice, pressor amine in, 95 Scombroid poisoning, 148 Seafood poisons, 147 (for specific fishes see page 153) Seborrhea from cetyl oleate, 237 from sperm oil, 237 Selenium in carcinogens, 34 Seratostomella fimbriata as_ livestock toxicant, 139 Serotonin as pressor amine, 95 Shellfish poisoning etiologies of, 157 paralytic, 151 Shepherd’s purse as goitrogen, 7 Snakeroot, white, poisoning, 65 Sneezeweed poisoning, 65 Sodium chloride, 267 Solanacea, cholinesterase inhibitors in, 112 Solanidine as cholinesterase inhibitor, 115 Solanine as cholinesterase inhibitor, 115 Solanum, species of, cholinesterase in- hibitors in, 114 Solanum melongena, cholinesterase in- hibitor in, 113 Solanum tuberosum L., cholinesterase inhibitors in, 113, 114 Sorghum cyanogenetic glycoside in, 59 Sporidesmium bakeri in, 137 Soybean as anticoagulant, 100 as antivitamin A, 99 as antivitamin B,:, 101 Aspergillus flavus in, 131 estrogens in, 19 as goitrogen, 8 299 hemagglutinins in, 51, 52 oil, estrogenic activity in, 19 physical constants of, 53 trypsin inhibitors in, 105 Sperm oil, seborrhea from, 237 Spinach goitrogens in, 3 methemoglobinemia from, 253 Nitrite toxicity from, 254 Sporidesmium bakeri in facial eczema, 137 Stachybotryotoxicosis, 135 Stachybotrys atra, 135 Steroids, 19 Stlbene, 19 Stimulants, 62 Stramonium poisoning, 62 Strawberry, goitrogens in, 3 Stuart’s Instant Vita Drink, vitamin D content of, 192 Sulfur-containing compounds as goitro- gens, 6 Synephrin as pressor amine, 95 T Tanacetum vulgare L., thujone in, 170 Tannins as tumorigens, 34 Tansy, thujone in, 170 Tea leaves, stimulant in, 66 Theobromine as stimulant, 66 Theophylline as stimulant, 66 Theophylline ethylenediamine poison- ing, 67 Thiaminase as antithiamine, 100 Thiamine, 203 doses, 199 effects of large, in animals, 200 effects of large, in man, 199 recommended allowances, 199 Thiocyanates as goitrogens, 5 2-Thiooxazolidone as goitrogen, 4 Thiooxazolidone derivatives as goitro- gens, 3 Thiourea as tumorigen and carcinogen, 33 Threonine requirements of child, 223 of man, 222 of rat, 224 Thujone, foods containing, 170 Thryotrophin as goitrogen, 4, 5

300 Thyroxine antitoxicant of pressor amines, 96 as antivitamin, 99 Tobacco cholinesterase inhibitor in, 114 Sporidesmium bakeri in, 137 as stimulant, 65 Tomatoes cholinesterase inhibitors in, 113 ripe, pressor amine in, 95 Trichoderma lignorum, 138 Trifolium repens L., cholinesterase in- hibitor in, 114 Trilisa odoratissima (Walt.) Cass., cou- marin in, 169 Tryamine as pressor amine, 95 Tryptamine as pressor amine, 95 Tryptophan requirements of child, 223 of man, 222 of rat, 224 Tumorigenic natural products, 24 Tuna, canned, vitamin D content of, 192 Turkey, trypsin and chymotrypsin in- hibitors in, 108 Turkey X disease, 26 aspergilli in, 130 Turnip antithyroid compound in, 33 cholinesterase inhibitor in, 114 goitrogens in, 3, 4, 5 trypsin inhibitor in, 107 white, goitrogens in, 3 wild, goitrogen in, 6, 7 Turtle poisoning, 151 Tyrosine requirements of child, 223 Tyrosine requirements of child, 223 of man, 222 of rat, 224 L-Tyrosine as antivitamin Bs, 101 U Ulcers, gastric, vitamin D as cause of, 193 Umbelliferae fam. Umbellales as goitro- gen, 7 Umbellularia californica Nutt., 166 Umbellulone, 166 Ustilago longissima, 138 INDEX V Valine requirements of child, 223 of man, 222 of rat, 224 Venerupin poisoning, 152 Vetch chickling, as lathyrogen, 40 common, hemagglutinins in, 52 flat-podded, as lathyrogen, 40 seeds, cyanogenetic glycoside in, 59 Vetchling, Spanish, as lathyrogen, 40 Vicia angustifolia Classification and lathyrogenic con- tent, 43 cyanogenetic glycoside in, 59 Vicia faba cyanogenetic glycosides in, 59 in favism, 47 hemagglutinins in, 52 Vicia sativa Classification and lathyrogenic con- tent, 43 hemagglutinins in, 52 Vicianin, source and composition of, 59 Vicine in favism, 48 Vinca minor, cholinesterase inhibitor in, 112 l-5-Vinyl-2-thiooxazolidone as antithyroid, 33 as goitrogen, 3, 4, 5, 6 Vitamin A, 186, 218 as antivitamin K, 100 deficiency as goitrogen, 12 doses, 184 effects of large, 184 precursors, 188 recommended dietary allowances, 184 Vitamin Bis, 205 doses, 199 effects of large, in animals, 200 effects of large, in man, 199 recommended allowances, 199 Vitamin D, 189, 219 as antigoitrogen, 12 doses, 184 effects of large, 184 recommended dietary allowances, 184 Vitamin E doses, 184 effects of large, 184 recommended dietary allowances, 184

INDEX Vitamin K common preparations of, 195 doses, 184 effects of large, 184 recommended dietary allowances, 184 Vitamins, 183 Vulvovaginitis, Gibberella zeae in, 138 Ww Watercress as goitrogen, 6 Weed dyer’s as goitrogen, 6 Jimson, as hallucinogenic, 62 Wheat antigen-antibody reactions from, 87 antigens in animals, 79 antigens in man, 82 Aspergillus flavus in, 131 bran, estrogenic activity in, 19 estrogenic activity in, 19 flour, trypsin inhibitor in, 107 Fusarium in, 134 germ, estrogenic activity in, 19 oil, estrogenic acitivity in, 19 301 Willow catkin, estrogen in, 19 Wine, pressor amine in, 95 Woodruff, coumarin in, 169 Wormwood, oil of, thujone in, 170 X Xanthines as stimulants, 66 Y Yams, depressant in, 68 Yarrow, thujone in, 170 | Yeast, rachitogenic factors in, 98 Zz Zein as antivitamin B;;, 101 Zigadenus venenosus poisoning, 68 Zinc, 232