New Generation Survival Ration: A Brief Report (1991)

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ISTAG 878 ‘Zdicion !3 DECLARATION OF =CCORD SCOPE OF AGREEMENT a. The Armies or the Unized States, Unizced Xingdom and Aust tsiis and che Canadian Forces have agreec <9 adopt provisioas with respec: <=) cre composition, concents and nutritional values of survival, emerzenc: and sncividual combat rations ctsgether with some aspects or their FECXES=Ng. Tais will facilitate the incerchangeabii=:-:; of racions between aacions. >. The subscriding Armies further agree <9 consuit, and in aver sossidie case, seach mutual agreemenz= on all chanses siteccing che OS7+G serore croducing such changes. «nere applic2si3 sucn changes wi. Se srocessed oe the Custodian Arav througn NATO. 2. This QSTAG may be revised or cance-_2d Sv 2azreement or ihe susseriting AvTaies. ° souecseels AND RELATED AGREZTMENTS Tne United Kingdos is the csstocian Army: i225 inte GSTAG wnisn «tll 22 reviewed by QwG,Log. This STAG incorpo: 222s the provisions :f iTANaG lS27 fT ad --o n 2). . 242220 & RELEASE TO NAT Tanis agreement wiil be relzzsed to the Ncrin Atlantic Treacy Iirsanisacicon 3 she Primary Standardizaticn jffice. Nas eCNAL RATIFING REFERENCES - DETAILS [FF tMOLEMENTATION RATLFYING DATE SF LMPLEtSNTATION SERVICIS NATIOS REFERENCE FOREC..S7 ACTLAL LHELIMENTING _ AMCIC?-aA (34-Ic. | UNITiL STATES) ded 5 Jan 89 Aug 1¢¢¢ navT. ATEV, At D/GMG 22 /- 1/20 CAG UNITED XZNGDOM (OPS 2 Plans) dt Promuizaticon - 27 Jul 38 12 mtns Newel ATTY. Al 25 10-5-278 (DLOG 325- CANAD 2 3) dtd 15 Sep 82 Sep 1986 2mm A&B-l2S2. itd AUSTRALIA 19 Dec 88 on Promulzacica Neve, AtTEY, Air y CTRL SND R 3:COOlcC MAR 89 TBA Arm

ost La AG 878 5. RESERVATIONS vS = Page 3, para 4b: If this ration is proviced in dehydrace2a Zora, an addict: 500ml of water per person ver day would Se required. *e 94 - Page 3, para 4b: The water requirement in not environzencs wiil increase by at least =°0O mi per man per say. - Page 3, para 4c: Survival rations for navai vessels musc noc inciude protein and fat to prevensc ketosis. - Page 5, para 7b(1) and (2): US emergency and combat racions are nor labeled wich both officiai NATO languages; NATO approved legend, or in all cases, explanator-:- xoC2s concerning <ccasumption of che ration. UX: The provision Paragraph 45 isr noe environmenss ia the sea survival pack is uncer examination. ~1e@ appropriate UK rations ise: 3. XI 25 man sea survi-rs. sack - 23N only. merzgency fiving raticn Mask 9 - RAF onl”. ws e 2. -+ hour general ser-::2 ration - oréimaril: arzy, but iso RI anc x42 aS appropriate. The senu details on table ;:2 soncants will nce: appear on tx2 ducsice oF tre pacxaging. However, bulk sacz3aging of meal sacxs shall indicac2 wnich mea, 2ach meal pack its princi:sa. itas and each ican its cont2nc5. Susvival/energency packs incluce oreparation asczsecions. AS: a. Paragraph 3a. Survival Ration equates <5 AS Emergenc’ 2atlon. >. Paragraph 30. Emergency Ration equates <5 AS Fiving Aaccon. 2. Paragraphs ;d(1) ance “:. AS oary priacs Engicish language on sackaging contents. ¢. Paragraph 75(3). AS écses aot stamp “Nato APPROVED” on sackaging. BY es _psnayss ARDIZATION OFFICERS ( 5 (Ahhh Suale a WiLL LAM ER. FORSTER R. 2. GRIST Brizadier General Brizsdies Uniczec Scates Army Bricisa Aray 4 D.D. DALZIEL ( Bee COLONEL Brizad:er AUSITaSilan Arny Canadian Forces , Seocember 1989 (DJaz2 of Agreemenc;

OSTAG 878 DETAIZzS 9F AGREEMENT SURV VAL. EMERGENCY 42ND INDIVIDUAL COMBAT RATIONS NUTRITIONAL VALZES AND PACK:GiNG Reiacad documents: OSTAG 516 - ABCA armies Proc2dures for Supply Transactions 9STAG $50 - Procedures for =serzency Logiscic ASSistance AM -: sae ain of this sagr2ement is 25 standardize nuzrizionai vaiues and cerctsia 2iamencs of the concants of combat -s7z:2ns (survive_. amergency and individuai comfact rations) so as co facilitate che incerchangezsi_icz-y of rations between Na&CTlons. aGREIMENT =icipating macicns agree tne i:zlLlowing provzei ain respect to the son, contanss and nucritions_ vaiues of coxzcez razions in the produczion “a3 tions in tineir own area. DEFINITIONS se ~ne ©foLlowinzg c2ras and definizisns ere used fir ithe sursose of this azgr2enenr: a. Surviva. Naticn. Rations <esizned for a situation wnere che main concern is tc stsyv alive with = ztininai expenc:-:sr2 of enerzy and drinking sacter is limiczad. 222¢ 25 sustain the > 2 sriez= period of tine (ac sca suppiy is disrupted. emergency Racion. The sussiszan clonal cavepdilicy of nilzsss~ sersonnel 24 hours) in the event créer in is assumed *o be freelv 2v2it t- G SS @ 4 r+ ) @ «ib rt w wm a] SETAILE OF THE AGREEMENT a. Survival Rati a. The survival ration should se as small as sossidle in volume and consist of ac least 100 grams cardonydrate (gucose or giucose-forming poiyv-, oligo-, disaccharides) ser aan per day Isr seriods of up to six days. >. Drinking water supply must Se at least 5V0ni oer man per day in cool environments. The water requirezenc for surviai will increase to at leasz -200ml per man per day in hot environments. Cc. Adcition of protein or fat 29 survival razions is not recommended. d. water tr2atmenc tablets or individual wacar surification sets should be available buc need not be included with the sursvivai racion.

w waelttd wt @. The survival ration snoulid have a shelf life of ac leasc 4 years arc ambient temverscures. : Technica: carms, specifications and conditions of food-stuff quaiicy equiremerzcs as well as orocedures for auality assurance snould be taken nto accounc, eg. technica. delivery conditions. bs 09 Ot =zerzency 2arion a. The energency ration should be as small as possid:ie in volume and snould consisz of concencraced foods with an energy vaiue of at least 4.2 J (..000 kca.>, =o be proviced in approxizate proportions of 40-70% by cardohydracas, 29-402 by Jats and 10-29% by proteins. The ration shouid de Sulzable sr consumption wichout cooking, heating or the addition of water. sne inclusion of instant Severage powders, eg. tea or coffee, is desizrabdie. >. dater cra2actaent tabiers or indivizual wacer puriticacion sets shoud be available sus need not be iaciuded with che emergency ration. c. Tne ezer ambient tence = a - = = ency ration must nave a sne:l life of ac Least 2 years saz atures. Ss Technics. tesas, specifticsacions axc conditions 922 <Jsod stur= quali: Tequirtemenis 35 weil as crccedures for cuaiicy assuranc2 sousa be taxean sn account, 2g. technics. delivery cconcéicsions. ~ndividuai Tonsat Ratior a. The incividual combaz racion musc ensure che cc2api2ce2 and wholesone suosistenc2 95 a soldier isc one day, sut would not de expecced to be used Sor sore <naxz 20 consecurz-ve davs. >. The individual combaz= vracion shou_l< have a mininua of 13.4 MJ (3.290 xcal) and s zaxiaum commensurate with <ne race of energy expenditure for service perscnnel undergoing coneinuous and strenuous onysical activi=-. ° ane sr9c2in content si the indivicuai combat razion shouid provide az ast 10% 92 che availab_2 energy; ie. 30g of protein for a ration pack of 4 MJ (2.259 keal). Ac Least 50% of the protein shouid be derived from anisal, not vegetable sources; ie. of nigh biologica. vaiue. 8 i o e 0 d. Fats should accounc for approximateivy 35% but aus: noc exceed 404 of the total anergy. e e. The soncants of vicamins and minerals should be in reasonable accordance wich the currtanc recommendations of the 2S Food and Nutrision Board. I=: forsizication is required, the nutrients should be added to those items likeiy to be consumed by most personnel. £. The iadividual combaz ration shou:d contain ready-to-eat dishes which _ can be consumed without she addition of water, preparacion or mixing and, i: necessary, aiso without heating. g- The scandard contents of an individual combat ration should, in addicion, include: a bread equivalent and a suitable topping or spread (eg. jam, sausage, cheese) ard instant beverage powder (23. coffee, tea, =ruiz beverage).

yo.ay wrew h. where a can opener is required to open containers, such opener must be included with che individual combat ration. i. Water treatment tablets or individual water purification sets should be available but need not be included with the individual combat ration. j. tae individual combac ration must have a shelf life of at least 2 years at ambient temperatures. k. Technical terms, specificacions and conditions of food-stuff quality requirements as well as procedures for quality assurance should be taken into account, eg. technical deiivery conditions. 7. Packing and Ancillary I:ems a. ane rations must contain or be accompanied by all che ancillary items requized to prepare them for consumption (eg. a can opener). b. tae packing must bear inscrioctions including: <2) An indication of che type of ration in che national language and soch official NATO ianguages. (2) The age or date of expiry of the ration. (3) The legend “NATO Approved”. Cc. she table of contents and explanatory notes concerning the purpose and consuaption ofr the ration shali be printed in the national language and in the two official NATO languages. d. The packing of the survival ration must be sturdy and waterproof. The packing of the constituent parcs for one day must be waterproof. e. Tne packing of the emergency ration aust be sturdy and waterproof. £. The packing of the iadividual combat ration aust be sturdy and dustproof, the packing of the constituent parts must be waterproof. RESTRICTIONS 8. a. This agreement does not obligate any ABCA nation to depart from national consumption habits and tastes. b. Existing supply concepts for the supply of the armed forces with subsistence shall not be affected by this agreement. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE AGREEMENT 9. This QSTAG is implemenced when the necessary orders/instructions putting the procedures derailed in the agreemence into effect have been issued to the forces concerned.

APPENDIX Ith. Excerpts from Department of The Army Technical Manuals: Cold Climate Survival Kit: TM 55-1680-348-10 Survival Kit, Hot Climate: TM 55-1680-349-10 OV-1 Aircraft, Hot Climate Survival Kit: TM 55-1680-317-CL-5 OV-1 Aircraft, Cold Climate Survival Kit: TM 55-8465-209-10 Air Force Search and Rescue Manual: #64-5

FOOD PACKET: CONTAINS : WATER: FOOD PACKET: WATER: TECH MANUAL~INDIVIDUAL COLD CLIMATE SURVIVAL KIT DEPT OF THE ARMY TM 55-1680-348-10 JUNE 1986 THE COLD CLIMATE SURVIVAL KIT CONTAINS 7 FOOD PACKETS. USE PACKETS IF NO OTHER FOOD SOURCE IS AVAILABLE. THE FOOD IN EACH PACKET IS CONCENTRATED AND SHOULD ONLY BE CONSUMED WITH WATER TO PREVENT DEHYDRATED. WATER BAG, PLASTIC SPOON, FRYING PAN DEPENDS ON COMMAND POLICY. OPERATOR’S MANUAL SURVIVAL KIT, HOT CLIMATE, INDIVIDUAL DEPT OF THE ARMY TM 55-1680-349-10 JULY 1986 THE INDIVIDUAL HOT CLIMATE SURVIVAL KIT CONTAINS 6 FOOD PACKETS WHICH ARE TO BE USED IF NO OTHER FOOD SOURCE IS AVAILABLE. THE FOOD IN EACH PACKET IS CONCENTRATED AND AND SHOULD ONLY BE CONSUMED WITH WATER TO PREVENT DEHYDRATION. CONTAINS TWELVE 10 OUNCE CANS DRINKING WATER (OR POUCHED), WHICH SHOULD BE CONSERVED FOR ABSOLUTE EMERGENCIES ONLY. IT IS RECOMMENDED THAT YOU FORAGE FOR DRINKING WATER BEFORE ATTEMPTING TO CONSUME THE CANNED WATER. CONTAINS: FRYING PAN, WATER BAG, PLASTIC SPOON FOOD PACKET: CONTAINS : WATER: FOOD PACKET: TECH MANUAL OV-1 AIRCRAFT, HOT CLIMATE SURVIVAL KIT DEPT OF THE ARMY TM 55-1680-317-CL-5 AUGUST 1981 CONTAINS 3 FOOD PACKETS THAT SHOULD BE USED IF NO THER FOOD IS AVAILABLE. CONCENTRATED FOOD SHOULD ONLY BE TAKEN WITH WATER OR IT WILL CAUSE DEHYDRATION. FRYING PAN, PLASTIC SPOON, WATER BAG DEPENDS ON COMMAND POLICY TECH MANUAL OV-1 AIRCRAFT, COLD CLIMATE SURVIVAL KIT DEPT OF THE ARMY TM 55-8465-209-10 JUNE 1971 CONTAINS 3 PACKETS. INSTRUCTIONS THE SAME AS OV-1 HOT CLIMATE

Excerpt from: Technical Manual Operators Manual Survival Kit, Cold Climate (June 1971) except OV-1 aircraft

settes saree 8 Ponch 9 Smoke and illumination signal 10 Illuminating candle 11 Food packets 12 Water bag GOUPLEVE ASSERBLY 18 Plastic spoon i pre fe e com 16 Signaling mirror 18 Sleeping beg ec 19 Match box 20 Snare wire 21 Fishing kit 22 Pocket knife 28 Packing list 24 Operator's manual Figure 2-1. The individual cold climate survival kit assembly.

and press down with the heel of your hand, using the ring as a lever to break the seal. WARNING Use extreme care when using the signal as an illumination device as hot, molten resi- due dripping from the burning signal can cause serious burns on the body. CAUTION When exerting pull on the pull ring, do not use a twisting motion as the pull tab may tear off resulting in a defective signal. d. Make a steady, straight horizontal pull until the pull ring and tab separate from the signal. Con- tinue pulling upwards until a full arm’s length is reached and point the activated signal end upward at a 45° angle until the signal has burned out. NOTE Do not discard a smoke and illumination signal until both ends of the device have been used. The smoke end of the signal device will burn in an illumination manner providing that once the smoke end has been activated, an open flame is placed against the smoking end. 12

2-11. illuminating Candie There are five type I illuminating candles (10, fig. 2-1) in the individual cold climate survival kit which may be used for lighting at night or as a means of warmth inside a small, ventilated shelter. Each candle is capable of burning for approximately 8 hours. 2-12. Feed Packet The individual cold climate survival kit contains seven survival food packets (1, fig. 2-1) which are to be used if no other food source is available. The food in each packet is in concentrated form and should only be consumed with water to prevent personal dehydration. 2-13. Water Bag CAUTION When exposed to cold temperatures, the water bag will become hard and rigid. Exer- cise care when removing the bag from the survival kit and do not attempt to unfold the bag until it has been warmed, which may be accomplished by placing the bag next to your body. CAUTION Do not store water in the Water bag in be- low freezing temperatures.

Excerpt from: Technical Manual Survival Kit, Cold Climate (June 12, 1986)

TM 55-1680-348-10 NOTE Do not discard a smoke and iliumina- tion signal until both ends of the device have been used. The smoke end of the signal device will bum in an ilumina- tion manner providing that once the smoke end has been activated, an oper: flame ts placed against the smoking end. 2-11. ILLUMINATING CANDLE 2-11. There are five illuminating candles in the individual cold climate survival kit which may be used for lighting at night or as a means of warmth inside a small, ventilated shelter. Each candle is capable of burning for approximately 8 hours. 2-12. FOOD PACKET 2-12. The individual cold climate survival kit contains seven survival food packets which are to be used if no other food source is available. The food in each packet is in concen rated form and should only be consumed with water to prevent personal dehy- dration. 2-14

TM 55-1680-348-10 2-13. WATER BAG 2-13. [ CAUTION | e When exposed to cold temperatures, the water beg will become hard and rigid. Exercise care when removing the bag from the survivsl kit and do not st- tempt to unfold the bag until it has been warmed, which may ba sccomplished by placing the bag next to your body. [ CAUTION e Do not store water in the wster bag In below freezing temperatures. The water bag is a soft, pliable, plastic bag which may be used for storing water accumulated from rainfall or some other water source. 2-14. PLASTIC SPOON 2-14. The plastic spoon is provided as an aid in cooking and eating of the survival rations. When cooking, in- sure the spoon is not placed near open flame or hot 2-16

TM 55-1680-348-10 Cold Climate Survival Kit (Continued) Key Item Function 11 | Ihuminating candle Provides lighting (peragraph 2-11) warmth. 12 | Food packet Contains food for (paragraph 2-12) emergency use. TM 66-1680-348-10 Figure 2-1. Coid Climate Survival Kit (Sheet 2 of 3) 2-4

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