National Academies Press: OpenBook

Growing Up Tobacco Free: Preventing Nicotine Addiction in Children and Youths (1994)

Chapter: (GRAPHIC AND CONTENTS FOR CHAPTER 2)

« Previous: 1 TOWARD A YOUTH-CENTERED PREVENTION POLICY
Suggested Citation:"(GRAPHIC AND CONTENTS FOR CHAPTER 2)." Institute of Medicine. 1994. Growing Up Tobacco Free: Preventing Nicotine Addiction in Children and Youths. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4757.
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Page 27

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Lily Lin, Jr. High School 158, Queens

Suggested Citation:"(GRAPHIC AND CONTENTS FOR CHAPTER 2)." Institute of Medicine. 1994. Growing Up Tobacco Free: Preventing Nicotine Addiction in Children and Youths. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4757.
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Page 28

2 THE NATURE OF
NICOTINE ADDICTION*

CONTENTS

General Aspects of Nicotine Addiction

30

The Daily Nicotine Addiction Cycle

30

What Is Addiction?

30

Pharmacologic Aspects of Nicotine

31

Actions of Nicotine on the Brain

34

Tolerance and Withdrawal

35

Absorption of Nicotine from Tobacco

35

Distribution and Elimination of Nicotine from the Body

36

Intake and Accumulation of Nicotine During Cigarette Smoking

37

Addiction and the Light or Occasional Smoker

37

Nicotine Compensation

37

The "Low-Yield" Cigarette

37

Smoking Fewer Cigarettes

38

Behavioral Aspects of Addiction

38

Addiction to Smokeless Tobacco

39

Comparison of Nicotine Addiction with Other Drug Addictions

40

Nicotine Dependency in Youths

43

Epidemiology and Natural History of Cigarette Smoking

43

Evidence for Nicotine Dependence in Youths

45

Risk Factors for Smoking Initiation

52

Ethnic Differences in Nicotine Dependency

56

Use of Smokeless Tobacco by Children and Youths

58

Nature of Tobacco Products

58

Production of Tobacco Products

60

Modifying Cigarette Yields

61

Conclusions and Research Recommendations

63

References

64

Suggested Citation:"(GRAPHIC AND CONTENTS FOR CHAPTER 2)." Institute of Medicine. 1994. Growing Up Tobacco Free: Preventing Nicotine Addiction in Children and Youths. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4757.
×
Page 27
Suggested Citation:"(GRAPHIC AND CONTENTS FOR CHAPTER 2)." Institute of Medicine. 1994. Growing Up Tobacco Free: Preventing Nicotine Addiction in Children and Youths. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4757.
×
Page 28
Next: 2 THE NATURE OF NICOTINE ADDICTION »
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Tobacco use kills more people than any other addiction and we know that addiction starts in childhood and youth.

We all agree that youths should not smoke, but how can this be accomplished? What prevention messages will they find compelling? What effect does tobacco advertising—more than $10 million worth every day—have on youths? Can we responsibly and effectively restrict their access to tobacco products?

These questions and more are addressed in Growing Up Tobacco Free, prepared by the Institute of Medicine to help everyone understand the troubling issues surrounding youths and tobacco use.

Growing Up Tobacco Free provides a readable explanation of nicotine's effects and the process of addiction, and documents the search for an effective approach to preventing the use of cigarettes, chewing and spitting tobacco, and snuff by children and youths. It covers the results of recent initiatives to limit young people's access to tobacco and discusses approaches to controls or bans on tobacco sales, price sensitivity among adolescents, and arguments for and against taxation as a prevention strategy for tobacco use. The controversial area of tobacco advertising is thoroughly examined.

With clear guidelines for public action, everyone can benefit by reading and acting on the messages in this comprehensive and compelling book.

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