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EDUCATION AND TRAINING 189 become a responsibility of every industry, it is especially important that these efforts target all senior managers in order to foster organizational change. Second, numerous Annex V education and training programs have been carried out, but these efforts clearly need to be elevated to a higher level in order to meet the challenges involved in implementing the international treaty and the U.S. law. Strong national leadership, secure funding,: and innovation will be required to coordinate and enhance education and training. Given the current budget climate and the many distractions faced by federal agencies, the most promising alternative may be for the Congress to charter and endow a foundation to coordinate a sustained, long-term, national program devoted to Annex V education and training. REFERENCES Center for Marine Conservation (CMC). 1989. Marine Debris Information Offices, Atlantic Coast/ Gulf of Mexico and Pacific Coast: Annual Report, October 1, 1988-September 30, 1989. Washington, D.C.: CMC. Coe, J. 1992. Presentation by James Coe, National Marine Fisheries Service, to the Committee on Shipborne Wastes of the National Research Council, Annapolis, Md., May 7, 1992. Herkelrath, J. 1991. Description and Status of Tasks in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Marine Entanglement Research Program for Fiscal Years 1985-1991. AFSC Processed Report 91-12. Available from the Marine Entanglement Research Program of the National Marine Fisheries Service (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration), Seattle, Wash, April. Kearney/Centaur Division of A.T. Kearney, Inc. 1989. Model Plastics Refuse Control and Minimization Plan for Ships. Report prepared for the Marine Entanglement Research Program, Northwest and Alaska Fisheries Center, Seattle, Wash. December. Koss, L., F. Chitty, and W.A. Bailey. 1990. U.S. Navy's Plastics Waste Educational Efforts. Pp. 1132-1139 in Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Marine Debris, 2-7 April 1989, Honolulu, Hawaii (Vol. II), R.S. Shomura and M.L. Godfrey, eds. NOAA-TM- NMFS-SWFSC-154. Available from the Marine Entanglement Research Program of the National Marine Fisheries Service (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration), Seattle, Wash. December. Koss, L.J. 1994. Dealing With Ship-generated Plastics Waste on Navy Surface Ships. Paper prepared for the Third International Conference on Marine Debris, Miami, Fla., May 8-13, 1994. Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, Department of the Navy, Washington, D.C. Laska, S. 1994. Exploring a Wide Range of Interventions for Recreational Users by Applying the Hazards Evolution Model. Paper prepared for the Third International Conference on Marine Debris, Miami, Fla., May 8-13, 1994. University of New Orleans, New Orleans, La. Liffman, M.M. 1987. Prepared statement of Michael Liffman, Louisiana State University Sea Grant Program, for the National Ocean Policy Study and the U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Photocopy. July 29. Louisiana State University Sea Grant Program. 1987. Marine litter: More than an eyesore. Aquanotes 16(2): 1-5. June. Louisiana State University Sea Grant Program. 1989. Saltwater anglers did research. Aquanotes 18 (1): 1-4. June. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). 1993. Sea Grant Review: 1990 through 1992. Silver Spring, Md.: NOAA National Sea Grant College Program.
EDUCATION AND TRAINING 190 O'Hara, K.J. (chair). 1990. Report of the working group on marine debris education. Pp. 1256-1260 in Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Marine Debris, 2-7 April 1989, Honolulu, Hawaii, R.S. Shomura and M.L. Godfrey, eds. NOAA-TM-NMFS- SWFSC-154. Available from the Marine Entanglement Research Program of the National Marine Fisheries Service (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration), Seattle, Wash. December. O'Hara, K.J., S. Iudicello, and R. Bierce. 1988. A Citizens Guide to Plastics in the Ocean: More Than a Litter Problem. Washington, D.C.: Center for Environmental Education (now the Center for Marine Conservation). Recht, F. and S. Lasseigne. 1990. Providing refuse reception facilities and more: The port's role in the marine debris solution. Pp. 921-934 in Proc. of the Second International Conference on Marine Debris, 2-7 April, 1989, Honolulu, Hawaii (Vol. II), R.S. Shomura and M.L. Godfrey, eds. NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFSC-154. Available from the Marine Entanglement Research Program of the National Marine Fisheries Service (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration), Seattle, Wash. December. Recht, F. 1988. Report on a Port-Based Project to Reduce Marine Debris. NWAFC Processed Report 88-13. Available from the Marine Entanglement Research Program of the National Marine Fisheries Service (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration), Seattle, Wash. Shomura and Yoshida, eds. 1985. Proceedings of a Workshop on the Fate and Impact of Marine Debris, 27-29 November, 1984, Honolulu, Hawaii. NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFC-54. Available from the Marine Entanglement Research Program of the National Marine Fisheries Service (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration), Seattle, Wash. Stoller, G. 1992. Garbage overboard. Conde Nast Traveler (June):17-18. U.S. Coast Guard (USCG). 1994. Managing Waste at Recreational Boating Facilities: A Guide to the Elimination of Garbage Disposal at Sea. Washington, D.C.: USCG Marine Environmental Protection Division, Environmental Coordination Branch. Wallace, B. 1990. Shipping industry marine debris education plan. Pp. 1115-1122 in Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Marine Debris, 2-7 April, 1989, Honolulu, Hawaii (Vol. II), R.S. Shomura and M.L. Godfrey, eds. NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFSC-154. Available from the Marine Entanglement Research Program of the National Marine Fisheries Service (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration), Seattle, Wash. December. Weisskopf, M. 1988. In the sea, slow death by plastic. Smithsonian 18(12):58-67. Wypyszinski, A.W. 1993. Prepared Statement of Alex. W. Wypyszinski, director, Sea Grant Marine Advisory Service, Rutgers University, for the Subcommittee on Superfund, Ocean, and Water Protection of the Committee on Environment and Public Works, U.S. Senate, 102nd Congress, Second Session, Washington, D.C., Sept. 17, 1992. Pp. 60-67 in Implementation of the Marine Plastic Pollution Research and Control Act. S. Hrg. 102-984. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. Wypyszinski, A.W. and M.L. Hernandez-Ariba. 1994. Latin American Marine Debris Public Awareness ProjectâFinal Report. PRU-T-94-001. Report by the University of Puerto Rico Sea Grant Program, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico.