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ELEMENTS OF AN IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY 83 4 Elements of an Implementation Strategy Given the diversity among vessels passing through U.S. waters and the ports they visit, it is clear that no single Annex V implementation approach will work across the board. No one reward or punishment will bring all mariners and ports into compliance with Annex V. The interventions chosen must be appropriate to the targeted maritime sector and sustainable within resource limitations. At the same time, the various interventions need to be integrated into a coherent national strategy, to conform with U.S. policy calling for the establishment of integrated waste management practices wherever possible. Using the hazard evolution matrix described in Chapter 3 and drawing on first-hand observations and research, the committee considered how Annex V compliance could be achieved within each sector of vessels and ports. To assess barriers and opportunities, the committee sought input from each community. Levels of preparedness and capabilities varied widely among the various groups as well as the government agencies tasked to enforce the rules. It became clear that many different individuals, not just vessel masters or port managers, can influence compliance levels. This chapter provides an initial assessment of promising intervention points and implementation methods for each maritime sector. (Later chapters offer a national perspective on how these elements could be woven together into a national strategy.) Key to the committee's assessment is the analytic approach of Kasperson and Pijawka (1985), who focused on intelligence gathering and control capabilities as the basis for selection of an effective management strategy. The chapter opens with a brief description of this approach.
