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Suggested Citation:"Intelligence." National Research Council. 1995. Clean Ships, Clean Ports, Clean Oceans: Controlling Garbage and Plastic Wastes at Sea. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4769.
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Page 99

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ELEMENTS OF AN IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY 99 Hazard Breakdown in Discharge of Exposure to Evolution Model Compliance Garbage into Sea Discharged Garbage Intervention Prevent Block Discharge Block Exposure Model Breakdown in of Garbage into to Discharged Compliance Sea Garbage Government or Enforce and Require vessel Create incentives Private publicize operators to and remove Regulation and enforcement of educate crews disincentives for Enforcement ban on plastics about discharge returning to shore discharges. Make restrictions and any debris penalties larger compliance recovered in nets than the gains strategies. or other gear. achieved through Incorporate violations. Annex V Require compliance reporting of gear provisions into losses. fisheries management criteria and international agreements. Train on-board fisheries observers to recognize Annex V violations and instruct fishermen in compliance. Economic Require deposits Retrieve fishing (Market Forces) on nets and lines lines. Require to encourage deposits on lines return of gear or offer rebates after use or for returned recovery. Offer (used) lines. small ports Encourage waste financial aid to exchanges. provide reception facilities. fishing gear to shore include requiring deposits on nets and lines and promoting recycling of fishing gear. Cargo Ships and Their Itinerary Ports Intelligence Although cargo vessels are boarded routinely by inspectors from the Coast Guard and APHIS, few overall data are available concerning garbage handling practices in this sector. Record keeping can be expected to improve for U.S.- flag cargo ships as a result of the Coast Guard requirements for garbage logs.

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Marine debris is a serious environmental problem. To do its part, the United States has agreed to abide by the international treaty for garbage control at sea, known as MARPOL 73/78 Annex V.

Clean Ships, Clean Ports, Clean Oceans explores the challenge of translating Annex V into workable laws and regulations for all kinds of ships and boats, from cruise ships to fishing crafts and recreational boats. The volume examines how existing resources can be leveraged into a comprehensive strategy for compliance, including integrated waste management systems and effective enforcement.

Clean Ships, Clean Ports, Clean Oceans describes both progress toward and obstacles to Annex V compliance. The book covers:

  • How shipborne garbage orignates and what happens to garbage discharged into the seas.
  • Effects of discharge on human health, wildlife safety, and aesthetics.
  • Differences in perspective among military, industrial, and recreational seafarers and shoreside facilities.

Clean Ships, Clean Ports, Clean Oceans will be important to marine policymakers, port administrators, ship operations officers, maritime engineers, and marine ecologists.

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