National Academies Press: OpenBook
« Previous: Intelligence
Suggested Citation:"Control." National Research Council. 1995. Clean Ships, Clean Ports, Clean Oceans: Controlling Garbage and Plastic Wastes at Sea. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4769.
×
Page 114
Suggested Citation:"Control." National Research Council. 1995. Clean Ships, Clean Ports, Clean Oceans: Controlling Garbage and Plastic Wastes at Sea. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4769.
×
Page 115

Below is the uncorrected machine-read text of this chapter, intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text of each book. Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.

ELEMENTS OF AN IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY 114 Hazard Evolution Model Human Behavior that On-board Generation of Encourages Generating Garbage Garbage Intervention Model Modify Behavior that Reduce Garbage Encourages Generating Generation Garbage Economic (Market Provide budgets for Demonstrate any cost Forces) shipboard compliance to benefits from switch to avoid conflicts with reusable items. operating, maintenance, and repair budgets. Service employees report constant washups of items ranging from 55- gallon drums to small plastic bottles containing waste oil, acids, and a variety of other hazardous chemicals. A related problem is the significant expense associated with removing containers that have washed ashore and are suspected of containing hazardous substances. The equipment identification system helps in identifying owners, who are expected to cover removal costs ($1,700 per 55- gallon drum in 1993). Little information is available on garbage reception facilities at supply boat terminals. Because most offshore service vessels weigh less than 400 gross tons, the base terminals are not required to obtain COAs, and the Coast Guard has no other reason to visit the terminals or the vessels that call there (Green, 1993). Amendments to the MPPRCA have been proposed that would require inspection of non-COA garbage holding facilities. Control The federal government wields considerable power over this sector through an array of laws and regulations. All vessels are U.S. flag, and platforms in federal waters operate under direct permit from the MMS, which regulates equipment handling and overboard discharges under the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act (P.L. 83-212), as amended. In addition, permits issued by the Environmental

ELEMENTS OF AN IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY 115 Hazard Breakdown in Discharge of Exposure to Evolution Model Compliance Garbage into Sea Discharged Garbage Intervention Prevent Block Discharge Block Exposure Model Breakdown in of Garbage into to Discharged Compliance Sea Garbage Economic Return monies Organize vessel (Market Forces) from recycling to support services vessel crew for to make their discretionary compliance use. Make affordable. shoreside disposal Review waste readily available. hauling schedules and contracts. Expand use of on-board equipment to reduce need for disposal at commercial ports. Protection Agency (EPA) under the Clean Water Act (P.L. 92-500), as amended, prohibit the discharge from platforms of floating solids and rubbish, trash, and other refuse. The transfer of garbage from platforms to supply vessels is regulated under both Annex V and the Clean Water Act. Additional opportunities for government control are emerging in this sector. Supply vessels transporting and transferring platform garbage to port reception facilities are subject to the Shore Protection Act (SPA) of 198811, while the vessel's operational waste is covered by Annex V. Owners and operators of supply vessels must obtain SPA permits as commercial haulers of waste from the Coast Guard, which has been issuing conditional permits under an interim final rule (see 33 C.F.R. §151) since 1989 and plans to finalize this rule. In the meantime, the EPA is drafting regulations to provide guidance for waste transfer and handling; supply vessels will have to comply with these requirements when finalized. Another avenue for control may be record keeping. In addition to reporting to MMS items lost overboard, platform operators are required by the Coast Guard 11 The SPA is Title IV of the Ocean Dumping Ban Act (P.L. 100-688), which prohibits the discharge of industrial waste and sewage sludge into the sea. This law is distinct from the Ocean Dumping Act (P.L. 95-535), which prohibits the transportation of any material for the purpose of dumping it into the ocean.

Next: Analysis of Interventions »
Clean Ships, Clean Ports, Clean Oceans: Controlling Garbage and Plastic Wastes at Sea Get This Book
×
Buy Hardback | $52.95 Buy Ebook | $42.99
MyNAP members save 10% online.
Login or Register to save!
Download Free PDF

Marine debris is a serious environmental problem. To do its part, the United States has agreed to abide by the international treaty for garbage control at sea, known as MARPOL 73/78 Annex V.

Clean Ships, Clean Ports, Clean Oceans explores the challenge of translating Annex V into workable laws and regulations for all kinds of ships and boats, from cruise ships to fishing crafts and recreational boats. The volume examines how existing resources can be leveraged into a comprehensive strategy for compliance, including integrated waste management systems and effective enforcement.

Clean Ships, Clean Ports, Clean Oceans describes both progress toward and obstacles to Annex V compliance. The book covers:

  • How shipborne garbage orignates and what happens to garbage discharged into the seas.
  • Effects of discharge on human health, wildlife safety, and aesthetics.
  • Differences in perspective among military, industrial, and recreational seafarers and shoreside facilities.

Clean Ships, Clean Ports, Clean Oceans will be important to marine policymakers, port administrators, ship operations officers, maritime engineers, and marine ecologists.

  1. ×

    Welcome to OpenBook!

    You're looking at OpenBook, NAP.edu's online reading room since 1999. Based on feedback from you, our users, we've made some improvements that make it easier than ever to read thousands of publications on our website.

    Do you want to take a quick tour of the OpenBook's features?

    No Thanks Take a Tour »
  2. ×

    Show this book's table of contents, where you can jump to any chapter by name.

    « Back Next »
  3. ×

    ...or use these buttons to go back to the previous chapter or skip to the next one.

    « Back Next »
  4. ×

    Jump up to the previous page or down to the next one. Also, you can type in a page number and press Enter to go directly to that page in the book.

    « Back Next »
  5. ×

    To search the entire text of this book, type in your search term here and press Enter.

    « Back Next »
  6. ×

    Share a link to this book page on your preferred social network or via email.

    « Back Next »
  7. ×

    View our suggested citation for this chapter.

    « Back Next »
  8. ×

    Ready to take your reading offline? Click here to buy this book in print or download it as a free PDF, if available.

    « Back Next »
Stay Connected!