Biobased Industrial Products
Priorities for Research and Commercialization
Committee on Biobased Industrial Products
Board on Biology
Commission on Life Sciences
National Research Council
NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS
Washington, D.C.
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NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS • 2101 Constitution Avenue, NW • Washington, DC 20418
NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.
This report has been prepared with funds provided by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, under agreement number 92-COOP-2-8321; U.S. Department of Energy under order number DE-A101-93CE 50370; National Renewable Energy Laboratory under agreement number XC-2-11274-01; and National Science Foundation under agreement number BCS-9120391. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the organizations or agencies that provided support for the project.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Biobased industrial products: priorities for research and
commercialization / Committee on Biobased Industrial Products, Board on
Biology, Commission on Life Sciences, National Research Council.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and index.
ISBN 0-309-05392-7 (casebound)
1. BiotechnologyUnited StatesForecasting. 2.
BiotechnologyGovernment policyUnited States. I. National Research
Council (U.S.). Committee on Biobased Industrial Products.
TP248.185 .B535 1999
338.4'76606'0973dc21
99-50917
Additional copies of this report are available from the National Academy Press, 2101 Constitution Avenue, NW, Lockbox 285, Washington, DC 20055; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313 (in the Washington metropolitan area); Internet, http://www.nap.edu
Copyright 2000 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America
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The National Acadamies
National Academy of Sciences
National Academy of Engineering
Institute of Medicine
National Research Council
The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts is president of the National Academy of Sciences.
The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. William A. Wulf is president of the National Academy of Engineering.
The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Kenneth I. Shine is president of the Institute of Medicine.
The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy's purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts and Dr. William A. Wulf are chairman and vice chairman, respectively, of the National Research Council.
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Committee on Biobased Industrial Products
CHARLES J. ARNTZEN, Co-chair, Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Inc., Ithaca, New York
BRUCE E. DALE, Co-chair, Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing
ROGER N. BEACHY, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
JAMES N. BEMILLER, Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
RICHARD R. BURGESS, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison
PAUL GALLAGHER, Department of Economics, Iowa State University, Ames
RALPH W.F. HARDY, National Agricultural Biotechnology Council, Ithaca, New York
DONALD L. JOHNSON, Grain Processing Corporation, Muscatine, Iowa
T. KENT KIRK, Forest Products Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Madison, Wisconsin
GANESH M. KISHORE, Monsanto Agricultural Group, Chesterfield, Missouri
ALEXANDER M. KLIBANOV, Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge
JOHN PIERCE, DuPont Agricultural Enterprise, Newark, Delaware
JACQUELINE V. SHANKS, Department of Chemical Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas
DANIEL I. C. WANG, Biotechnology Process Engineering Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge
JANET WESTPHELING, Genetics Department, University of Georgia, Athens
J. GREGORY ZEIKUS, MBI International, Lansing, Michigan
Consultant
Elizabeth Chornesky
Staff
Mary Jane Letaw, Program Officer
Joseph Zelibor, Project Director to January 31, 1996
Eric Fischer, Study Director to January 5, 1997
Paul Gilman, Study Director to September 30, 1998
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Board on Biology
PAUL BERG, Chair, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif.
JOANNA BURGER, Rutgers University, Piscataway, N.J.
MICHAEL T. CLEGG, University of California, Riverside
DAVID EISENBERG, University of California, Los Angeles
DAVID J. GALAS, Keck Graduate Institute of Applied Life Science, Claremont, Calif.
DAVID V. GOEDDEL, Tularik, Inc., San Francisco
ARTURO GOMEZ-POMPA, University of California, Riverside
CORY S. GOODMAN, University of California, Berkeley
CYNTHIA K. KENYON, University of California, San Francisco
BRUCE R. LEVIN, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga.
ELLIOT M. MEYEROWITZ, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena
ROBERT T. PAINE, University of Washington, Seattle
RONALD R. SEDEROFF, North Carolina State University, Raleigh
ROBERT R. SOKAL, State University of New York, Stony Brook
SHIRLEY M. TILGHMAN, Princeton University, Princeton, N.J.
RAYMOND L. WHITE, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
Staff
Ralph Dell, Acting Director
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Commission on Life Sciences
MICHAEL T. CLEGG, Chair, University of California, Riverside
PAUL BERG, Vice Chair, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif.
FREDERICK R. ANDERSON, Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft, Washington, D.C.
JOHN C. BAILAR III, University of Chicago, Chicago, Il.
JOANNA BURGER, Rutgers University, Piscataway, N.J.
JAMES E. CLEAVER, University of California, San Francisco
DAVID S. EISENBERG, UCLA-DOE Laboratory of Structural Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
JOHN L. EMMERSON, Eli Lilly and Co. (ret.), Indianapolis, In.
NEAL L. FIRST, University of Wisconsin, Madison
DAVID J. GALAS, Keck Graduate Institute of Applied Life Science, Claremont, Calif.
DAVID V. GOEDDEL, Tularik, Inc., South San Francisco, Calif.
ARTURO GOMEZ-POMPA, University of California, Riverside
COREY S. GOODMAN, University of California, Berkeley
JON W. GORDON, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, N.Y.
DAVID G. HOEL, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
BARBARA S. HULKA, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
CYNTHIA J. KENYON, University of California, San Francisco
BRUCE R. LEVIN, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga.
DAVID M. LIVINGSTON, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Mass.
DONALD R. MATTISON, March of Dimes, White Plains, N.Y.
ELLIOT M. MEYEROWITZ, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena
ROBERT T. PAINE, University of Washington, Seattle
RONALD R. SEDEROFF, North Carolina State University, Raleigh
ROBERT R. SOKAL, State University of New York, Stony Brook
CHARLES F. STEVENS, M.D., The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, Calif.
SHIRLEY M. TILGHMAN, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, N.J.
RAYMOND L. WHITE, University of Utah, School of Medicine, Salt Lake City
Staff
Warren Muir, Executive Director
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Acknowledgments
This report was reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise in accordance with procedures approved by the National Research Council's Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making the published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process.
We wish to thank the following individuals for their participation in the review of this report: Margriet Caswell, United States Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service, Washington, D.C.; John S. Chipman, University of Minnesota; Robert E. Connick, retired, University of California, Berkeley; Ronald J. Dinus, retired, University of British Columbia; Raphael Katzen, Consulting Engineer, Bonita Springs, Florida; Scott E. Nichols, Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc., Johnston, Iowa; Christopher R. Somerville, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Stanford, California; George T. Tsao, Purdue University; and Charles R. Wilke, retired, University of California, Berkeley.
While the individuals listed above provided constructive comments and suggestions, it must be emphasized that responsibility for the final content of this report rests entirely with the authoring committee and the institution.
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Contents
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Tables, Figures, and Boxes
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