APPENDIX A Abbreviations and Acronyms
ADDS
African Data Dissemination Service
ADS
Astrophysics Data System
ASCII
American Standard Code for Information Interchange
ATM
asynchronous transfer mode
AURA
Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy
AVHRR
Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer
BASIS
Battelle Automatic Search Information System
CDC
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
CDF
Collider Detector at Fermilab
CDIAC
Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center
CD-ROM
Compact Disk-Read Only Memory
CEC
Commission of the European Communities
CEOS
Committee on Earth Observation Satellites
CGIAR
Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research
CIESIN
Consortium for International Earth Sciences Information Network
CINDAS
Center for Information and Numerical Data Analysis and Synthesis
COBIOTECH
Committee for Biotechnology (ICSU)
CODATA
Committee on Data for Science and Technology (ICSU)
COSTED
Committee on Science and Technology in Developing Countries
DIS
data indexing system; data and information system
DMC
Data Management Center (IRIS)
DNA
deoxyribonucleic acid
DOC
Department of Commerce
DOD
Department of Defense
DOE
Department of Energy
DOI
Department of the Interior
DVD
digital versatile disk
ENDF/B
Evaluated Nuclear Data File/B
ENSDF
Evaluated Nuclear Structure Data File
EOS
Earth Observing System
EOSAT
Earth Observation Satellite Company
EOSDIS
Earth Observing System Data and Information System
EPA
Environmental Protection Agency
EROS
Earth Resources Observation Systems
ESA
European Space Agency
FAME
Fatty Acid Methyl Ester
FAO
Food and Agriculture Organization
FDSN
Federation of Digital Seismic Networks
FITS
Flexible image transport system
FTP
file transfer protocol
GIS
Geographic Information System
GMT
Greenwich mean time
HD-ROM
high density-read only memory
HEP
high-energy physics
HIPPI
high-performance parallel interface
HST
Hubble Space Telescope
HTML
HyperText Mark-up Language
HTTP
HyperText Transfer Protocol
IAEA
International Atomic Energy Agency
ICSU
International Council of Scientific Unions
IEEE
Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers
IETF
Internet Engineering Task Force
IFS
International Foundation for Science
IGBP
International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme
IITF
Information Infrastructure Task Force
IMPACT
Information Market Policy Action Program
IPng
Internet Protocol next generation
IPR
intellectual property right
IRAF
Image Reduction and Analysis Facility
IREX
International Research and Exchange Board
IRIS
Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology
ISDN
integrated services digital network
ISO
International Organization for Standardization
LAN
local area network
MBone
multicast broadcast backbone network
Mbps
megabits per second
MEMS
micro-electromechanical systems
MIAC
Metals Information Analysis Center
MSS
multispectral scanner
NAS
National Academy of Sciences
NASA
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
NCBI
National Center for Biotechnology Information
NCDC
National Climatic Data Center
NGDC
National Geophysical Data Center
NGO
nongovernmental organization
NIH
National Institutes of Health
NII
national information infrastructure
NIST
National Institute of Standards and Technology
NLM
National Library of Medicine
NNDC
National Nuclear Data Center
NOAA
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
NODC
National Oceanographic Data Center
NRC
National Research Council
NSF
National Science Foundation
NUDAT
Nuclear database (part of ENSDF)
OAS
Organization of American States
OECD
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development
OMB
Office of Management and Budget
OTA
Office of Technology Assessment
PC
personal computer
PostScript Data File
POSIX
Portable Operating System Interface for Computer Environments (an IEEE standard)
POTS
"plain old" telephone service
PTO
Patent and Trademark Office
PTT
Post, Telephone, and Telegraph ministry
RNA
ribonucleic acid
SGML
Standard Generalized Mark-up Language
SIMBAD
set of identifications, measurements, and bibliography for astronomical data
SMART
System for the Mechanical Analysis and Retrieval of Text
SMTP
Simple Message Transfer Protocol
SNMP
Simple Network Management Protocol
SOTER
Soils and Terrain Digital Database
SPECINFO
a database from Chemical Concepts GmbH containing digitized nuclear magnetic resonance data and infrared spectra for chemical compounds
STAIRS
Storage and Information Retrieval System
ST-ECF
Space Telescope European Coordinating Facility
STN
Science and Technology Network International
STScI
Space Telescope Science Institute
TCP/IP
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
TM
Thematic Mapper
TRIPS
Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, Agreement on
TWAS
Third World Academy of Sciences
UC
University of California
UNCED
United Nations Commission on Economic Development
UNCTAD
United Nations Commission on Trade and Development
UNDP
United Nations Development Programme
UNEP
United Nations Environment Programme
UNESCO
United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization
UNIDO
United Nations Industrial Development Organization
URL
uniform resource locator
URN
uniform resource name
USAID
United States Agency for International Development
USGS
United States Geological Survey
USNC-CODATA
United States National Committee for CODATA
VITA
Volunteers in Technical Assistance
VHS
video home system