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170 BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS Proteins in nutrition. l. Am. Med. Assoc., 120:198-204. Urocanic acid and the intermediary metabolism With W..~. Darby. Of histidine in the rabbit. J. Biol. Chem., 146:225-35. 1943 With M. B. Esterer. Experimental lathyrism in the white rat. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Lied., 53:263-64. Trends in vitamin research. i. Am. Dietetic Assoc., 19:483-87. With R. Eyles. The utilization of d-~lucono-~-lactone by the organism of the young white rat. 1944 Natural toxicants and nutrition. With D. D. Dziewiatkowski. glycogen content of the liver of the rat. 52. ~ , , i. Nutrition, 26: 309-17. Nutrition Reviews, 2: 97-99. Glucuronic acid synthesis and the I. Biol. Chem., 153:49- Russell Henry Chittenden (1856-1943~. I. Biol. Chem., 153:339- 42. With L. Louis. The composition of the tissue proteins of the rabbit as influenced by inanition and the hepatotoxic agents, hydrazine and phosphorus. J. Biol. Chem., 153:381-86. With S. Pedersen. The partition of urinary nitrogen after the oral administration of glutamic acid, pyrrolidonecarboxylic acid, praline, and hydroxyproline to rabbits. J. Biol. Chem., 154: 705-12. 1945 With D. D. Dziewiatkowski. The metabolism of trimethylacetic (pivalic) and tertiarybutylacetic acids. New examples of con- jugation with glucuronic acid. I. Biol. Chem., 158:77-87. 1946 O metabolismo intermediario e o paper nutritive dos acidos amina- dos aromaticos e sulfurados da molecule proteica. Medicina Cirurgia, Farmacia, 120: 161-75. Biochemistry, a basic pharmaceutical science. Am. J. Pharm. Educ., 10: 352-54. With C-W. Shen. The metabolism of sulfur. XXXI. The distribu- tion of urinary sulfur and the excretion of keto acids after the
HOWARD BISHOP LEWIS 171 oral administration of some derivatives of cystine and methionine to the rabbit. I. Biol. Chem., 165: 115-23. With W. J. Wingo. The metabolism of sulfur. XXXII. Isocysteine. I. Biol. Chem., 165: 339-46. 1947 Nutrition. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 249: 119-25. Biochemistry in the pharmacy curriculum optional or required subject. Am. I. Pharm. Educ., 11:119-25. With S. Levey. The metabolism of phenoxyacetic acid, its homo- logues, and some monochlorophenoxyacetic acids. New examples of beta oxidation. i. Biol. Chem., 168:213-21. \Vith F. A. Schofield. A comparative study of the metabolism of a-alanine' ,8-alanine, serine, and isoserine. 1. Absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. i. Biol. Chem., 168:439-45. With F. A. Schofield. A comparative study of the metabolism of a-alanine, ,8-alanine, serine, and isoserine. II. Glycogen content of the liver after oral administration of the amino acids. I. Biol. Chem., 169: 373-78. The biochemical triumvirate in medicine. Record, 50:80-83. 1948 University of Tennessee \~\lith A. Venkataraman and P. R. Venkataraman. The metabolism of p-amino salicylic acid in the organism of the rabbit. J. Biol. Chem., 173:641-51. Proteins in nutrition. J. Am. Med. Assoc., 138: 207-13. With R. S. Fajans, M. B. Esterer, C-W. Shen, and M. Oliphant. The nutritive value of some legumes. Lathyrism in the rat. The sweet pea (Lathyrus odoratusJ' Lathes satires, Lathyrus cicera and some other species of Lathyrus. A. Nutrition, 36:537- 59. With A. Y-H. Chu and A. A. Christman. Alkaline phosphatase of the serum in experimental lathyrism of the white rat. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 69:445-46. Biologic functions of proteins. I. Functions of proteins in the living organism. Oral Surg., Oral Med., Oral Pathol., 1:221-25. Biologic functions of proteins. II. The role of proteins in human nutrition. Oral Surg., Oral Med., Oral Pathol., 1:226-30.
172 BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS 1949 With D. D. Dziewiatkowski and A. Venkataraman. The metabolism of some branched chain aliphatic acids. l. Biol. Chem., 178: 169-77. Protein metabolism in disease. Bulletin of the United States Army Medical Department, 9:364-74. With A. R. Schulert. Experimental lathyrism in the white rat and mouse. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 71:440-41. With S. Cohen. The nitrogenous metabolism of the earthworm (Lumbricus terrestris). ]. Biol. Chem., 180:79-91. 1950 With D. R. Neuhaus and A. A. Christman. Biochemical studies on urokon (sodium 2,4,6-triiodo-3-acetylaminobenzoate), a new pyelographic medium. Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine, 35:43-49. With P. R. Venkataraman and A. Venkataraman. The metabolism of p-aminobenzoic acid in the rabbit. Archives of Biochemistry, 26: 173-77. With E. Roberts and G. B. Ramasarma. Amino acids of Bence- Jones protein. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 74:237~1. With S. Cohen. The nitrogenous metabolism of the earthworm (Lumbricus terrestrisJ. II. Arginase and urea synthesis. l. Biol. Chem., 184: 479-84. With E. P. Tyner and H. C. Eckstein. Niacin and the ability of cystine to augment deposition of liver fat. J. Biol. Chem., 187: 651-54. 1951 With R. S. Fajans. The supplemental value of cystine and methio- nine for low protein (casein) diets fed the young white rat. J. Nutrition, 44:399~ 11. With G. S. Wells. The histidine content of the urine in pregnancy. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 61:1123-28. With D. Neuhaus and A. A. Christman. Evaluation of some iodine- containing organic compounds as x-ray contrast media. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 78:313-17.
HOWARD BISHOP LEWIS 1952 173 Fifty years of study of the role of protein in nutrition. l. Am. Dietetic Assoc., 28: 701-6. With A. R. Schulert. Experimental lathyrism. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 81: 86-89. 1953 With A. Hainline, in Synthesis of hippuric acid and benzoyl glucuronide by the rabbit. l. Biol. Chem., 201:673-81. \Vith R. C. Baldridge. Diet and the ergothioneine content of blood. I. Biol. Chem., 202:169-76.
ROBERT HARRY LOWIE June 12, 1883-September 21, 1957 BY JULIAN H. STEWARD ROBERT LOWlE was one of the key figures in the history of anthropology. His professional years spanned the first five decades of the present century. He entered anthropology not long after Franz Boas had established it as an academic discipline and had removed it from the rather philosophical study of the nineteenth century and placed it on an empirical, scientific basis. Although Lowie was initially employed for a few years by the American Museum of Natural History, his true niche was as a university scholar where his influence reached an in- creasing number of students as well as those who read his large number of publications. Lowie's principal interests were in ethnological theory, in- cluding the history of such theory, and in social organization, especially kinship, marriage, the family, kinship terminology, men's and women's societies including age-grade societies, and political and social organization. He also made major contri- butions to the study of primitive religion and folklore. Lowie did not do original research on physical anthropology or archae- ology, which were little developed during his active years, and he did not have a major interest in language. There is a major fallacy, which seems to be shared by some members of the National Academy of Sciences, that archaeology is a "hard" science, thus ranking as more of a science than 175
176 BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS ethnology, because it deals with visible and measurable material objects. Lowie, however, directed ethnology by the most ri~,or- ous scientific criteria, which generally outstripped those formerly held by archaeology. THE MAKING OF AN ETHNOLOGIST Robert Lowie was born on June 12, 1883, in Vienna of a Hungarian father and a Viennese mother. His family came to New York City when he was ten years old where his father earned a living in merchandising, but where Robert was reared in the German-{ewish intellectual tradition of lower Manhat- tan. Although he never adhered to Jewish orthodoxy, the ties of the Jewish family were so strong and Lowie was so close to his mother and sister that he did not marry until he had passed the age of forty. According to the cultural values of the com- munity and family in which he was reared, Lowie always ex- pected to make a career in the intellectual world. He attended the City College of New York and he resided among liberals in Greenwich Village. After graduation he engaged in school- teaching for several years but found this distasteful and, to his mind, largely futile. He had once considered a career in chem- istry but abandoned it upon discovering that he was color-blind and also gave up any laboratory plans because of an extra- ordinary ineptitude in handling physical objects. Many years later he learned to drive an automobile but always drove at great peril, and all his confrontations with material objects of the simplest kind were major contests. Lowie was attracted to anthropology because it represented intellectual fulfillment without the difficulties of physical manip- ulation of objects. He was also no doubt attracted to it because Boas represented a liberal point of view and had devoted him- self to fighting the prejudices directed toward Jews and other ethnic and racial minorities as well as toward the teaching of
ROBERT HARRY LOWIE 177 anthropology. Lowie never became a political activist but his sympathies were definitely on the liberal side and he wrote ex- tensively on racist problems. Lowie taught in the New York public school system from 1901, when he was graduated from the City College of New York, until 1904, when he entered Columbia University as a graduate student to study anthropology under Franz Boas. He took his Ph.D. degree in 1907 and was appointed to the staff of the American Museum of Natural History. At that time it was assumed that Boas's students should obtain their ethnological data from firsthand fieldwork rather than, as had been the case in previous decades, from secondary sources written by explorers, missionaries, and other nontrained people. It is remarkable that Lowie, city-bred and little experienced outside New York City, should have done so much of his field- work in areas that were extremely remote and extraordinarily difficult for one with urban habits to live in. His first field- work was done among the Lemhi Shoshoni of Idaho in 1906, and his second major field trip took him into Canada to study the Chipewayan Indians at Lake Athabaska in the Arctic drain- age. In a little book entitled Robert H. Lowie, Ethnologist: A Personal Record (1959), Lowie recounts in detail the adventures of this trip. He traveled by train, then crossed the watershed downstream in fur traders' barges, and it was only through the kindly help of the trappers toward a person so obviously help- less in the face of the circumstances he encountered that he eras able to survive the trip in reasonable safety. The final crisis came on his return trip when the railroad was surrounded and threatened by a forest fire, when again his fellow travelers guided him through his difficulties to safety. Lowie did not pursue subarctic ethnology further, but in 1912 and 1915 he visited other Shoshonean tribes of the Great Basin, some of them so remote from the white settlers that he
178 BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS could not find English-speaking interpreters. His contributions to Great Basin Shoshonean ethnology, however, were the first, and for many years the only, sources on the area. While he was associated with the American Museum of Natural History, his interests and fieldwork were largely directed by Clark Wissler, whose main area was the Indians of the Great Plains. Lowie visited and studied many of the tribes but his principal and lasting interest was the Crow, about whom he published a definitive book, The Crow Indians (1935~. During 1917-1918 Lowie was invited to become visiting lecturer in anthropology at the University of California at Berkeley by A. L. Kroeber, who had founded the department fifteen years earlier. In 1921, Lowie was appointed a permanent member of the staff at Berkeley and remained such until his retirement, although he held many visiting professorships and lectureships. Lowie's interest in primitive peoples expanded in scope through voluminous reading, and his bibliography contains some 200 book reviews. His knowledge of South American Indians was stimulated by the visit to Berkeley in 1927 of Baron Erland Nordenskiold, who until that time was virtually the only ethnologist to have worked with the South American Indians. A few years later, Lowie happened to discover a Ger- man-born resident of Brazil, Curt Nimuendaju. This remark- able man had visited some of the least known tribes in eastern Brazil, the Ge-speaking Indians, and had written extremely full manuscripts on their culture. Lowie translated these into Eng- lish. His interest in the general area became a lasting one, such that he was a major contributor to, and editor of, the Tropical Forest volume of the Handbook of South American Indians. During his life, he held office in many scientific societies and accepted appointments as visiting professor at many uni- versities, including Ohio State, Yale, Columbia, Harvard, Wash- ington, and Hamburg. He was granted honorary membership
ROBERT HARRY LOWIE 179 in such societies as the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain, the Instituto do Cerara in Brazil, the American Philosophical Society, the New York Academy of Science, the Wurtembergische Verein fur Handelsgeographie, the Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Volkerkund, the Societe Suisse des Ameri- canistes, and the Bavaria Academy of Science. He was awarded an honorary doctorate by the University of Chicago and re- ceived the Viking Medal. He was twice appointed editor of 4~1~ _ A ~ A , 7 . 7 ~ . ~ 1 ~ - _ ~~e ~rner-~;an z~n~nropo~og~st anct served for a year as chair- man of the Division of Anthropology and Psychology of the National Research Council. He was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1931. ROBERT LOWIE S SCIENTIFIC ACHIEVEMENTS In order to understand the very great importance of Lowie's scientific work, it is necessary to consider the profound transition in anthropological thinking between the nineteenth and the twentieth centuries. After Darwin had liberated biology from the restrictions of the concept of the original creation of each species, anthropological studies soon adopted a kind of Darwinism for cultural origins. The concept was not entirely unique at this time, but it soon became formulated around the orthogenic and philosophical idea that cultures tended to progress from the simple to the complex through a series of worldwide stages that could be identified by specific criteria everywhere. The universal evolutionary scheme that became known as uni- linear evolution was most completely expounded by Lewis H. Morgan in Ancient Society. Morgan classed all civilizations, including all surviving societies, into three principal stages and subdivisions thereof, known as savagery, barbarism, and civiliza- tion, the last epitomized by the achievements of the Victorian era. Specific criteria of material culture and society were alleged to characterize each of these stages. Morgan's supporting data for his universal scheme were
180 BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS drawn from miscellaneous sources rather than from direct field- work. When Franz Boas, Lowie's teacher, began his direct fieldwork in 1890 and after beginning his teaching at Columbia University at the turn of the century, he advocated an empirical approach to the question of the characteristics of each culture. Gradually, the nineteenth-century scheme was thrown into doubt, although James Frazer's Golden Bough perpetuated it into the 1920s. Lowie's outstanding contribution to anthro- pology, it seems to me, was to subject Morgan's scheme to minute empirical criticism based on the accumulated data of fieldwork, and in his Primitive Society (1920) he gave the entire idea the coup de grace. I consider this to be Lowie's most im- portant work, albeit a task that could not be repeated, because once an erroneous theory is demolished the job cannot and need not be repeated. At the same time Lowie thereby cleared the ground for new studies about the nature and origins of various traits of culture to which he himself contributed in large measure in Primitive Society and also in subsequent papers and books such as The Origin of the State, Primitive Religion, and studies on the origins of various forms of social Organization. Lowie pursued basic studies of kinship and fictitious kin- ship groups in his comparative research on clans, phratries, and moieties. In his theoretical treatment of these social divisions he avoided the general tendency of anthropologists of the early twentieth century to assume a single origin and diffusion, though his theory of multiple origins did not revert to the unilinear theory of the previous century. In these studies he drew heavily upon the data of the Great Plains, whose tribes had been the subject of much of his own research as well as that of the American Museum of Natural History, and where men's societies were often arranged in age- grades. For comparative material he drew also upon the Hopi, among whom he had done fieldwork.
ROBERT HARRY LOWIE 181 Lowie's research, which examined theoretical approaches to phenomena of social and political organization, led him to write a very useful little book called The History of Ethnolog- ical Theory, published in 1937. Another of Lowie's major theoretical interests was treated in his book The Origin of the State (1927~. The nineteenth- century evolutionists had sought reasons for the origin of varioll.s ~ ~ hi: _ 1 _ __ ~ _ 1 ·, · 1 1 ~-~ alla pica phenomena, though few had subscribed to a universal or evolutionary scheme comparable in scope to that of L. H. Morgan. Lowie had suggested various theories con- cerning the origin of the family, kinship groups, and forms of society and had given them critical scrutiny. In The Origin of the State he did the same for this subject, repudiating the theory of a single cause of all origins and pointing to the com- plexity of the problem. Curiously, despite the subsequent interest in the development of states, there has been very little theoretical contribution to the subject. Lowie was also greatly interested in legends and folklore, that is, in folk tales rather than in folklore in the European sense. His treatment of the varieties of religious experiences in his Primitive Religion (1924 and 1948) was not primarily critical of nineteenth-century thinking and for this reason, perhaps, had less impact on contemporary thought. In his extraordinarily candid self-appraisal written for the National Academy of Sciences, Lowie pointed to his compara- tively meager treatment of material culture. that is. technology ~ 1 r ~ ,:~ I ally IlluLerlal manuracrures, as a regrettable omission in his life's work. He was not uninformed about primitive technology and in fact eventually described it for the Plains Indians, especially his beloved Crow. This knowledge was incorporated finally in his book The Crow Indians (1935~. Over the years the American Museum of Natural History had issued a series of area-oriented handbooks that were intended primarily as guides to the museum exhibits. The
182 Plains Indian culture, with which the museum had been so greatly concerned under Clark Wissler, and for which Wissler had prepared the museum guide, was the subject of the hand- book rewritten by Lowie in 1954. During World War II and subsequently, anthropology be- came reoriented and enlarged its scope of interest. From primi- tive societies it first embraced acculturated people and finally societies of the contemporary world. Lowie had been little interested in Indian acculturation, though he had written oc- casionally on the subject, but his major contributions at this time were on German culture, which he knew very thoroughly through lifelong contacts with and frequent visits to Germany. He published a book called T he German People in 1945 and another entitled Toward Und erstand ing Germany in 1954. This abrupt departure from the conventional type of anthro- pology preceded by nearly twenty years comparable works by his colleagues that dealt with the modern world, and his books provided deep insights that only a person like Lowie could recognize. Among Lowie's miscellaneous works was a book called Are We Civilized? published in 1929. This book, which was based upon many obscure sources dealing with European customs and practices of the last few centuries, was intended to draw atten- tion to the artificiality of the concept that modern European cultures are intrinsically superior to those of primitive peoples. It was written in a humorous vein, though it did not, as Lowie had hoped, become a best-seller. This book illustrates the humorous strain in Lowie which was otherwise evident only when, to make a point in a lecture, he might perform a Crow war dance. BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS Many persons found Lowie somewhat difficult to approach, owing to a facade of apparent pomposity and possibly even conceit, but once his friendship was gained he was undeviatingly
ROBERT HARRY LOWIE 183 loyal and his generosity in giving of himself and offering en- couragement was inexhaustible. When a new anthropology building, which had been Kroe- ber's lifelong ambition, was finally built at the University of California at Berkeley, it was officially named the Robert H. Lowie Museum of Anthropology. This museum, together with the Museum of Art, was part of the A. L. Kroeber Hall, but the honor paid Lowie was especially significant in that Lowie was never identified with or personally attracted to museum work. His early connections with the American Museum of Natural History were mainly a means whereby he had the opportunity to do fieldwork under the direction of Clark Wissler, and he relinquished this job in 1921 to accept the more congenial role of Professor of Anthropology at the University of California. Several appreciations of Lowie were published shortly after his death, which occurred on September 21, 1957. These are: Paul Radin, ~ merican Anthropologist, 60 (1958~:358-75. A. L. Kroeber, Year Book of the American Philosophical Society, 1957: 141-45, and Sociologus. 8 (1958~: 1-3. Ermine Wheeler-Vogelin, Journal of A merican Folklore, 71 (1958): 149-50. In 1966 the Robert H. Lowie Museum of Anthropology published The Complete Bibliography of Robert H. Lowie with an introduction by Alan Dundes.
184 BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS BIBLIOGRAPHY KEY TO ABBREVIA TIONS Am. Anthropol.American Anthropologist Am. Antiquity _ American Antiquity Am. I. Psychiatry American journal of Psychiatry Am. I. Sociol. American Journal of Sociology Am. Mercury American Mercury Am. Flus. i.American Museum Journal .\nthropol. Linguistics_.\nthropological Linguistics .\nthropol. Pap. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History Anthropol. Quart. _ Anthropological Quarterly Current Anthropol. Lit. Current Anthropological Literature J. Am. FolkloreJournal of American Folklore Nat. Hist.Natural History New Repub.New Republic New Rev. New Review Proc. Internat. Congr. Americanists Proceedings of the International Congress of Americanists Psychol. Bull. Psychological Bulletin Sci. MonthlyScientific Monthly S.W. J. Anthropol Southwestern journal of Anthropology Univ. Calif. Publ. Am. Archaeol. Ethnol. _ University of California Publi- cations in American Archaeology and Ethnology Z. Ethnol. Zeitschrift fur Ethnologie Several bibliographies of Robert Lowie have been published, the most recent and fullest being The Complete Bibliography of Robert H. Lowie, with an Introduction by Alan Dundes, published by the Robert H. Lowie Museum of Anthropology, University of Cali- fornia, Berkeley, 1966. The present publications are taken from this, but do not include many items that were reprinted or that deal with nonanthropological subjects. 1907 With Livingston Farrand. Marriage. In: Hand book of American Indians North of Mexico, ed. by Frederick W. Hodge. Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 30, Vol. 1, pp. 808-10. \Vashing- ton, U.S. Govt. Print. Off. 1908 Catchwords for mythological motives. i. Am. Folklore, 21:24-27.
ROBERT HARRY LOWIE 185 The test-theme in North American mythology. l. Am. Folklore 21 :97-148. Anthropological publications of the American Museum of Natural History for 1 907-1908. Science, 28: 522-24. 1909 The Northern Shoshone. 2: 165-306. Anthropol. Pap. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., The Assiniboine. Anthropol. Pap. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 4:1-270. Review. Social Cond ttions, Beliefs, and Linguistic Relationships of the Tlingit Indians' by John R. Swanton. I. Am. Folklore, 22: 98-99. Review. Folklore as a Historical Science, by George Lawrence Gomme. J. Am. Folklore, 22: 99-101. Editor, with H. H. St. Clair II. Shoshone and Comanche tales. J. Am. Folklore, 22:265-82. Additional catchwords. i. Am. Folklore, 22:332-33. Hero-trickster discussion. l. Am. Folklore, 22:431-33. An ethnological trip to Lake Athabasca. Am. Mus. l., 9:10-15. The Fijian collection. Am. Mus. ]., 9:117-22. 1910 Notes concerning new collections. Hist., 4:271-329. With Clark Wissler. Anthropology. In: New International Year- book for 1909, pp. 27-32. New York, Dodd, Mead & Co. Review. The Dawn of the World: Myths and Tales Told by the Mewan Indians of California, by C. Hart Merriam. Am. An- thropol., 12:464-66. Charms and amulets, American. In: Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics, Vol. 3, pp. 401-9. New York, Charles Scribner's Sons. 1911 The methods of American ethnologists. Anthropol. Pap. Am. Mus. Nat. Science, 34:604-5. Review. With a Prehistoric People, the Akikuyu of British East Africa, by W. S. and K. Routledge. Am. Anthropol., 13:130-35. A new conception of totemism. Am. Anthropol., 13:189-207. Industry and art of the Negro race. Am. Mus. J., 11:12-19. The new South Sea exhibit. Am. Mus. J., 11:53-56.
186 BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS The Crow Indians of Montana. Am. Mus. i., 11:179-81. A forgotten pragmatist: Ludwig Feuerbach. Journal of Philosophy, 8: 128-29. With Clark Wissler. Anthropology. In: New International Year- book for 1910, pp. 34~0. New York, Dodd, Mead & Co. Review. Geschlachts en Persoonsnamen der Piegans, by C. C. Uhlenbeck. Am. Anthropol., 13:324-26. Review. The Origin of Civilisation and the Primitive Condition of Man, by Lord Avebury. Am. Anthropol., 13:623. Cosmogony and cosmology: Mexican and South American. In: Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics, Vol. 4, pp. 168-74. New York, Charles Scribner's Sons. 1912 On the principle of convergence in ethnology. J. Am. Folklore, 25:24~2. Some problems in the ethnology of the Crow and Village Indians. Am. Anthropol., 14: 60 - 71. American and English methods in ethnology. Am. Anthropol., 14:398-99. Social life of the Crow Indians. Hist., 9:179 - 248. Anthropol. Pap. Am. Mus. Nat. Chipewyan tales. Anthropol. Pap. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 10:171-200. Crow Indian clowns. Am. Mus. I., 12:74. Convergent evolution in ethnology. Am. Mus. J., 12:139~0. Dr. Radosavljevich's critique of Professor Boas. Science, 35:537~0. With Clark Wissler. Anthropology. In: New International Year- book for 1911, pp. 46-50. New York, Dodd, Mead & Co. Review. Einleitung in die Philosophic, by Hans Cornelius. ~our- nal of Philosophy, Psychology, and Scientific Methods, 9:238~6. Review. The Baganda: An Account of Their Native Customs and Beliefs. Current Anthropol. Lit., 1:34-37. Review. Deutsch Neu-Guinea, by R. Neuhauss. Current An- thropol. Lit., 1:116-19. Review. Eine Forschungsreise im Bismarck-Archipel, by Hans Vogel. Current Anthropol. Lit., 1:119. Review. Leitfad en d ear Volkerkund e, by Karl M7eule. Current Anthropol. Lit., 1: 177-78. Review. In den Wildnissen Brasiliens, by Fritz Krause. Current Anthropol. Lit., 1:199.
ROBERT HARRY LOWIE 187 Review. Ceremonial Bundles of the Blackfoot Indians, by Clark Wissler. Current Anthropol. Lit., 1:286-88. 1913 Dance associations of the Eastern Dakota. Anthropol. Pap. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 11:101-42. Societies of the Crow, Hidatsa and Mandan Indians. Anthropol. Pap. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 11:143-358. The inferior races. New Rev., 1: 934~2. Review. The Omaha Tribe, by Alice C. Fletcher and Francis La Flesche. Science, 37: 910-15. Review. Kruckenruder, by Fritz Graebner. Lit., 2:1~. Current Anthropol. Review. Der Kaiserin-Agusta Fluss, by Otto Reche. Current An- thropol. Lit., 2: 19-20. Review. Und al frika Sprach, by Leo Frobenius. Current An- thropol. Lit., 2:87-91. Review. Man and His Forerunners, by H. van Buttel-Reepen. Current Anthropol. Lit., 2:138. Review. The Childhood of the World: A Simple Account of Man's Origin and Early History, by Edward Clodd. Current An- thropol. Lit., 2:227. \Vith Clark Wissler. Anthropology. In: New International Year- book for 1912, pp. 30-35. New York, Dodd, NIead & Co. 1914 The Crow sun-dance. I. Am. Folklore, 27:94-96. Social organization. Am. i. Sociol., 20:68-97. Crow rapid-speech puzzles. I. Am. Folklore, 27:330-31. Ceremonialism in North America. Am. Anthropol., 16:602-31. International rivalry in science. New Repub., 1:15-16. Ernst Haeckel. New Rev., 2:354-56. Haeckel's Verhaltnis zu Amerika. In: Was wir Ernst Haeckel ver- danken, ed. by Heinrich Schmidt, Vol. II. pp. 404-7. Leipzig, Verlag Unesma G.M.B.H. Some recent expressions of racial inferiority. New Rev., 2:542~6. A pro-German view. New Rev., 2:642-44. Reviews of anthropological literature. Psychol. Bull., 11: 391-94. (This reference includes reviews on four publications: The North American Indians of the Plains, by Clark Wissler, 1912;
188 BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS Kinship and Social Organization, by W. H. R. Rivers, 1914; The Belief in Immortality and the Worship of the Dead. Vol. 1: The Belief among the Aborigines of Australia, the Torres Straits Islands, New Guinea and Melanesia, by I. G. Frazer, 1913; Psychological interpretations of language, by A. M. Hocart, British Journal of Psychology, 5: 267-79.) With Clark Wissler. Anthropology. In: New International Year- book for 1913, pp. 34-39. New York, Dodd, Mead & Co. 1915 Societies of the Arikara Indians. Hist., 11 :645-78. Dances and societies of the Plains Shoshone. Mus. Nat. Hist., 11: 803-35. The sun-dance of the Crow Indians. Anthropol. Pap. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 16: 1-50. The Crow Indian sun-dance. Anthropol. Pap. Am. Mus. Nat. Anthropol. Pap. Am. Am. Mus. J., 15:23-25. Review. Sudsee, Urwald, Kannibalen, by Felix Speiser. Am. An- thropol., 17: 177-80. Psychology and sociology. Am. J. Sociol., 21 :217-29. Review. Some Fundamental Ideas of Chinese Culture, by Berthold Laufer. Am. Anthropol., 17:350-52. Review. Native Tribes of the Northern Territory of Australia, by Baldwin Spencer. Am. Anthropol., 17:354-55. Review. A ncient Hunters and Their Modern Representatives, by W. i. Sollas. Am. Anthropol., 1 7: 575-76. Review. The History of Melanesian Society, by W. H. R. Rivers. Am. Anthropol., 17: 588-91. Oral tradition and history. Am. Anthropol., 17: 597-99. Exogamy and the classificatory systems of relationship. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 1:346~9. American Indian dances. Am. Mus. J., 15: 95-102. The Crow Indians. Southern Workman, 44:605-12. The sinking of the Lusitania. New Rev., 2:58-59. Morgan's Ancient Society. New Rev., 3: 101-4. Reprinted in Solidaritat, 11: 10-12. Ceremonialism in North America. Reprinted in A anthropology in North America' by F. Boas and others, pp. 229-58. New York, G. E. Stechert & Co.
ROBERT HARRY LOWIE 189 With Clark Wissler. Anthropology. In: New International Year- book for 1914, pp. 35-39. New York, Dodd, Mead & Co. 1916 Historical and sociological interpretations of kinship terminologies. In: Holmes Anniversary Volume, ed. by Frederick Webb Hodge, pp.269-77. 'Washington, ]. W. Bryan Press. Societies of the Kiowa. Anthropol. Pap. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 11 :837-51. Plains Indian age-societies: historical and comparative summary. Anthropol. Pap. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 11:877-92. A note on Blackfoot relationship terms. Am. Anthropol., 18:148. Ernst Mach: the messiah of scientific thought. New Repub., 6:335- 37. Theoretical ethnology. Psychol. Bull., 13: 397~00. A new Shakespeare. International, 10: 246-47. With Leta Hollingworth. Science and feminism. 3:277-84. Sci. Monthly, With Clark Wissler. Anthropology. In: New International Yea'.- book for 1915, pp.31-35. New York, Dodd, Mead & Co. Review. Alfred R. Wallace: Letters and Reminiscences, by James Marchant. New Repub., 9:14-16. Review. The Turano-Ganowanian System and the Nations of North-East Asia, by Leo Sternberg. Am. Anthropol., 18:287-89. Review. Ethnographisch Album van het Stroomgebied van den Congo, by J. Marquart, J. D. E. Schmeltz, and J. P. B. de Josselin de [on". Am. Anthropol., 18:436-37. Review. The Mythology of All Races. , =, , Vol. X: North American. by Hartley Burr Alexander. Am. Anthropol., 18:563. Review. Inequality of Races, by Arthur de Gobineau. New Rev., 4:166. 1917 Culture and Ethnology. New York, Douglas C. NIcMurtrie. 189 pp. Notes on the social organization and customs of the Mandan, Hidatsa, and Crow Indians. Anthropol. Pap. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 21;1-99. Oral tradition and history. l. Am. Folklore, 30: 161-67. The kinship systems of the Crow and Hidatsa. Proc. 19th Internat.
190 BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS Congr. Americanists, ed. by F. W. Hodge, pp. 340~3. New York, Museum of the American Indian. Review. The Mythology of All Races. Vol. IX: Oceania, by Roland B. Dixon. Am. Anthropol., 19:86-88. Edward B. Tyler. Am. Anthropol., 19:262-68. Ojibwa. In: Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics, Vol. 9, pp. 454- 58. New York, Charles Scribner's Sons. Peyote rite. In: Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics, Vol. 9, p. 815. New York, Charles Scribner's Sons. Age societies of the Plains Indians. Am. Mus. l., 17:495-96. Noted in Hopiland. Am. Mus. l., 17:568-73. Review. Heredity and Environment in the Development of Men, by Edwin Grant Conklin. New Repub., 11:59-60. Review. The Birth Time of the World and Other Scientific Essays, by I. Joly. New Repub., 12: 196-97. With Clark Wissler. Anthropology. In: New International Year- book for 1916, pp. 31-36. New York, Dodd, Mead & Co. Review. Kin, kinship, by W. H. R. Rivers. (`Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics, Vol. 7, 1914, pp. 700-7.) Am. Anthropol., 19:269. Review. Marriage, by W. H. R. Rivers. 71. Review. Am. Anthropol., 19:270- Mother-Righ t, by W. H. R. Rivers. Am. Anthropol., 19:272. Review. Harvard African Studies: Varia Africana I, ed. by Oric Bates. Am. Anthropol., 19:546-47. Review. Eternity: World-War Thoughts on Life and Death, Re- ligion, and the Theory of Evolution, by Ernst Haeckel. The Masses, Vol. 9, No. 6, Issue No. 70. The Universalist fallacy. New Repub., 13:4-6. 1918 Myths and traditions of the Crow Indians. Anthropol. Pap. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 25:1-308. Age societies of the Plains Indians. Scientific American, 85:201. More light: a rejoinder. Am. Anthropol., 20:229-30. Survivals and the historical method. Am. J. Social., 24:529-35. The true authority of science. Dial, 63:432-34. Anthropology put to work. Dial, 65: 98-100.
ROBERT HARRY LOWIE 191 Review. The Wonders of Instinct, by iean-Henri Fabre. Dial, 65:120. With Clark Wissler. Anthropology. In: New International Year- book for 1917, pp. 31-37. New York, Dodd, Mead & Co. Review. Aboriginal Siberia, by A. M. Czaplicka. Am. Anthropol., 20: 325-26. Review. Myths and Legends of the Sioux he Marie I. MrI.~hlin Am. Anthropol., 20:451-53. Review. The Mythology of All Races, Vol. XIII: Egyptian, by W. Max Muller; Indo-Chinese, by Sir lames George Scott. New Repub., 16:1 13-14. Review. A Short History of Science, by W. T. Sedgwick and H. W. Tyler. Dial, 65: 157-58. , ~ , _ _ _. Stoma _~^A 1919 The sun dance of the Shoshone, Ute, and Hidatsa. Anthropol. Pap. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 16:387-431. The tobacco society of the Crow Indians. Anthropol. Pap. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 21:101-200. The matrilineal complex. Univ. Calif. Ethnol., 16: 29~5. Publ. Am. Archaeol. Family and sib. Am. Anthropol., 21: 28~0. Biometrics. International Journal of Orthodontia and Oral Sur- gery, 5:219-27. The economic interpretation of history, a footnote. Dial, 66:35-36. Primitive ideas on numbers and systems of measurement. Nat. Hist., 19:1 10-12. Ernst Haeckel and his work. Christian Science Monitor, 11:3. Review. The Mythology of All Races, Vol. III: Celtic, by John Arnott Macculloch; Slavic, by tan Machal. New Repub., 18:29- 30. Biology and anthropology. New Repub., 20:3. With Clark Wissler. Anthropology. In: New International Year- book for 1918, pp. 37~1. New York, Dodd, Mead & Co. Review. Time Perspective in A boriginal A merican Culture: A Study in Method, by Edward Sapir. Am. Anthropol., 21:75-77. Review. Harvard African Studies II: Varia Africana II, ed. by Oric Bates. Am. Anthropol., 21:208-10. Review. Neu-Caledonien und die Loyalty-inseln, by Fritz Sarasin. Am. Anthropol., 21: 31 1-15.
192 BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS Review. The Causes and Course of Organic Evolution, by John M. Macfarlane. Dial, 66: 48~9. Men of the Old Stone Age, by H. F. Osborn. Dial, 66:150. Racial Factors in Democracy, by P. A. Means. Dial, Review. Review. 67:32. 1920 Primitive Society. New York, Boni & Liveright. 463 pp. Mysticism and science. Freeman, 1: 63-64. Applied psychology. Freeman, 1:91-92. Herbert Spencer. Freeman, 1 :219. Review. August Weismann, by E. Gaupp. Freeman, 1:256-58. Review. The A utobiography of a Winnebago Ind fan, by Paul Radin. Freeman, 1:334. Review. Psychology and Folk-Lore, by R. R. Marett. Freeman, 1:453-54. The father of eugenics. Freeman, 1:471-74. An ethnologist's memories. Freeman, 1 :517-18. Review. Science and Life, by F. Soddy. Freeman, 2:20-21. Wilhelm Wundt. Freeman, 2:42. An ethnologist's memories (continued). Freeman, 2: 85-86. The divine right of lineage. Freeman, 2:179-81. The people of unknown lands. Bookman, 52:156-60. With Clark Wissler. Anthropology. In: New International Year- book for 1919, pp. 42~8. New York, Dodd, Mead & Co. i\larriage and society among the Crow Indians. In: Source Book in Anthropology, by A. L. Kroeber and T. T. Waterman, pp. 349- 54. Berkeley, University of California Press. Review. Die ethnologische Wirtschaftsforschung: Eine historisch- kritische Studie, by W. Koppers. Am. Anthropol., 22:72-73. Review. Vorlaufiger Bericht uber Forschungen im Innern Con Deutsch-Neu-Guinea, by R. Thurnwald. Am. Anthropol., 22: 80-81. Review. The Intellectuals and the Wage Workers: A Study in Ed ucational Psychoanalysis, by Herbert E. Cory. Am. An- thropol., 22: 186. Review. Calendars of the Indians North of Mexico, by Leona Cope. Am. Anthropol., 22:188. Review. Eine volkerkundliche Sammlung Con den Europaischen Samo fed en, by A. Jacobi. Am. Anthropol., 22: 189-90.
ROBERT HARRY LOWIE 193 Review. Messiahs: Christian and Pagan, by W. D. Wallis. Am. Anthropol., 22:383. Review. The Principles of Sociology, by Edward A. Ross. Nation, 111:418-19. Review. Life of Pasteur, by R. Vallery-Radot; also Pasteur: The History of a Mind, by E. Duclaux. Freeman, 2: 259-60. Review. Religion and Culture, by F. Schleiter. New Repub., 21:364. Review. Unex plored New Guinea, by Wilfred N. Beaver. New Repub., 23:26. Review. The Secrets of Animal Life, by I. A. Thomson. New Repub., 23:260. 1921 Review. Verebung and Auslese: Grundriss der Gesellschaftsbiologie und d er Lehre vom Rassend ienst, by W. Schallmayer. Am. Anthropol., 23: 77-78. A note on aesthetics. Am. Anthropol., 23:170-74. Review. The Psychology of Insanity, by Bernard Hart. Am. An- thropol., 23:215. Review. Source Book in Anthropology, by A. L. Kroeber and T. T. Waterman. Am. Anthropol., 23:216-17. Review. The Northern d'Entrecasteaux, by D. Jenness and A. Ballantyne. Am. Anthropol., 23:226-27. My Life and Friends: A Psychologist's Memories, by James Sully. Freeman, 2: 524-25. Recreations of a Psychologist, by G. Stanley Hall. Free- man, 2:594-95. Review. Folk-lore in the Old Testament, by I. G. Frazer. Free- man, 3: 67-68. Review. When Buffalo Ran, by G. B. Grinnell. Freeman, 3:141. Review. North American Indians of the Plains, by Clark Wissler. Freeman, 3:190. Review. Eriebtes und Erkanutes, by Wilhelm Wundt. Freeman, 3:260-61. Review. In the beginning. (Discussion of Primitive Society: The Beginnings of the Family and the Reckoning of Descent, by Edwin Sidney Hartland, and Die Anfange des menschlichen Gemeinschaftslebens im Spiegel der neueren Volkerkunde, by Wilhelm Koppers. ) Freeman, 3: 595-96. Review. Review
194 The eugenicists' programme. BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS Freeman, 4: 129-30. With Clark Wissler. Anthropology. In: New International Yea, book for 1920, pp. 41-46. New York, Dodd, Mead & Co. Review. The Origin of Man and His Superstitions, by Carvath Read. New Repub., 28:80. Review. The New Stone Age in Northern Europe, by John Ail. Tyler. New Repub., 28: 223-24. 1922 The material culture of the Crow Indians. Anthropol. Pap. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 21:201-70. Crow Indian art. Anthropol. Pap. Am. Mus. Nat. His., 21:27-332. The religion of the Crow Indians. Anthropol. Pap. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 25: 309~4. The avunculate in patrilineal tribes. Am. Anthropol., 24:94-95. Science. In: Civilization in the United States, ed. by Harold Stearns, pp. 151-61, New York, Harcourt, Brace & Company. Takes-the-Pipe, a Crow warrior. In: American Indian Life, ed. by Elsie Clews Parsons, pp. 17-33. New York, B. W. Huebsch. A Crow woman's tale. In: American Indian Life, ed. by Elsie Clews Parsons, pp. 35~0. New York, B. W. Huebsch. A trial of shamans. In: American Indian Life., ed. by Elsie Clews Parsons, pp. 41~3. New York, B. W. Huebsch. Windigo, a Chipewyan story. In: American Indian Life, ed. by Elsie Clews Parsons, pp. 325-36. New York, B. W. Huebsch. Review. The Passing of the Great Race, by Madison Grant. Free- man, 4: 476-78. Rejoinder to objector to review of Madison Grant. Freeman, 5:66. Review. The Origin and Evolution of the Human Race, by Albert Churchward. Freeman, 5: 190. The Plains Indians. Freeman, 5:211-12. The origin of the state. Freeman, 5:440~2; ibid., 465-67. Review. The A merican Ind fan, by Clark Wissler. Freeman, 5 :547-48. Review. Lester F. Ward, by Emily P. Cape. Freeman, 5:595-96. Review. Early Civilization: An Introduction to Anthropology, by A. A. Goldenweiser. Freeman, 6:235-36. Review. Batouala, by Rene Maran. Freeman, 6:284-85. With Clark Wissler. Anthropology. In: New International Year- book for 1921, pp. 43~7. New York, Dodd, Mead & Co.
ROBERT HARRY LOWIE 195 Review. Manhood of Humanity: The Science and Art of Human Engineering, by Alfred Korzybski. New Repub., 29: 313. Review. Readings in Evolution, Genetics and Eugenics, by H. H. Newman. New Repub., 30: 25-26. Review. Introduction to the Science of Sociology, by R. E. Park and E. \\1. Burgess. Am. Anthropol., 24:215. 1923 The cultural connections of Californian and Plateau Shoshonean tribes. Univ. Calif. Publ. Am. Archaeol. Ethnol., 20:145-56. The buffalo drive and an Old World hunting practice. Nat. Hist., 23:280-82. Review. Language, by Edward Sapir. Am. Anthropol., 25:90-93. Review. Harvard African Studies 111: Varia Africana 111, ed. by E. A. Hooten and Natica I. Bates. Am. Anthropol., 25:103-5. Review. The Evolution of Kinship: An African Study, by Sidney Hartland. Am. Anthropol., 25:272-73. A note on Kiowa kinship terms and usages. Am. Anthropol., 25:279-81. Psychology, anthropology, and race. Am. Anthropol., 25:291-303. Review. Inhe?-iting the Earth, by O. W. van Engeln. Freeman, 6:572-73. Review. The Evolution of Man, ed. by G. A. Bartsell. Freeman. 7: 284-85. Races and psychological tests. Freeman, 7:342-43. Review. The Golden Bough (abridged). Freeman, 7:353-55. Review. Seneca Ind fan Myths, by Jeremiah Curtin. Freeman. 7:380-81. Review. Social Change, by W. F. Ogburn. Freeman, 7:431. Review. Man and Culture, by Clark Wissler. Freeman, 8:93-94. Review. Letters to His Parents, 1852-1856: The Story of the De- velopment of a Youth, by Ernst Haeckel. Freeman, 8:164-65. With Clark Wissler. Anthropology. In: New International Year- book for 1922, pp. 43-48. New York, Dodd, Mead 8c Co. Review. The Evolution and Progress of Mankind, by Hermann Klaatsch. New Repub., 35: 268-69. Review. The Racial History of Mankind, by R. B. Dixon. Nation, 116:698. Review. The Winnebago Tribe, by Paul Radin. Occident, No- vember, p. 43.
196 BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS Review. Psychologie des primitiven Menschen, by R. Thurnwald. Am. Anthropol., 25:417-18. Review. Beothak and Micmac, by F. G. Speck. Am. Anthropol., 25:418-19. Review. The Andaman Islanders by A. R. Brown. Am. An- thropol., 25:572-75. 1924 Primitive Religion. New York, Boni 8c Liveright. xix + 346 pp. Shoshonean tales. l. Am. Folklore, 37:1-242. Notes on Shoshonean ethnography. Anthropol. Pap. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 20: 185-314. The origin and spread of culture. Am. Mercury, 1:463-65. Minor ceremonies of the Crow Indians. Anthropol. Pap. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 21: 323-65. With Clark Wissler. Anthropology. In: New International Year- book for 1923, pp. 42~7. New York, Dodd, Mead & Co. Review. The Children of the Sun, by W. ]. Perry. Am. An- thropol., 26: 86-90. Review. American Indians: Tribes of the Prairies and the East, by Hermann Dengler. Am. Anthropol., 26:269. Review. Unter Feuerland-Indianern, by Wilhelm Koppers. Am. Anthropol., 26:414-15. Review. The Toba Ind fans of the Bolivian Chaco, by Rafael Karsten. Am. Anthropol., 26:538~0. Review. What Is Man? by J. A. Thomson. 1925 New Repub., 41:18. The historical connection between certain Old World and New World beliefs. Proc. 21 st Internat. Congr. Americanists, pp. 546-49. Review. Medicine, Magic and Relicion, bY W. H. R. Rivers. Am. Anthropol., 27:457-58. Review. Monotheism among Primitive Peoples, by Paul Radin. Am. Anthropol., 27: 560-61. Review. Reallexikon der Vorgeschichte, ed. by Max Ebert, Vols. 1 and 2. Am. Anthropol., 27:561-62. Five as a mystic number. Am. Anthropol., 27:578. A note on history and race. Is America so bad after all? Am. Mercury, 4:342-43. Century Magazine, 109:723-29.
ROBERT HARRY LOWIE 197 A women's ceremony among the Hopi. Nat. Hist., 25:178-83. African ethnology. In: New International Encyclopaedia, 2d ea., Vol. 1, pp. 212-14. New York, Dodd, Mead & Co. 1926 Zur Verbreitung der Flutsagen. Anthropos, 21:615-16. -The banana in America. Nature, 1 17:517-18. Review. Kultur and Religion des primitiven Menschen, by Theo- dor-Wilhelm Danzel. Am. Anthropol., 28:281-82. Review. Magie und Geheimwissenschaft in ihrer Bedeutung fur Kultur und Kulturgeschichte, by Theodor-Wilhelm Danzel. Am. Anthropol., 28:282-83. Review. Volker und Kulturen, Erster Tell: Gesellschaf t und Wirtschaft der Volker, by Wilhelm Schmidt and Wilhelm Kop- pers. Am. Anthropol., 28: 283-85. Review. Social Origin and Social Continuities, by A. M. Tozzer. Am. Anthropol., 28: 285-86. Review. Les Recentes Decouvertes pre-historiques in Ind ochine, by M. R. Verneau. Am. Anthropol., 28:289,424. Review. Unter d en Zwergen von Malakka, by Paul Schebesta. Am. Anthropol., 28:298-99. Review. Der d iluviale Mensch in Euro pa, by F. Birkner. Am. Anthropol., 28:420. Review. The Relation of Nature to Man in Aboriginal America' by Clark Wissler. New Repub., 48:331-32. Review. Essai d'introduction critique a l'et~'de de l'economie primitive: Les Theories de K. Buecher et l'ethnologie moderne, by Olivier Leroy. Am. Anthropol., 28:549. 1927 The Origin of the State. New York, Harcourt, Brace & Company. 117 pp. Note on the history of anthropology. Science, 66:111. Theoretische ethnologic in Amerika. ~ahrbuch fur Soziologie, 3:1 1 1-24. Prestige among Indians. Am. Mercury, 12:446-48. Anthropology and law. In: The Social Sciences and Their Interre- lations, ed. by W. F. Ogburn and A. Goldenweiser, pp. 50-59. New York, Houghton Mifflin Company.
198 BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS Review. Illustrierte Volkerkunde (in zwei Banden). II: Zweiter Teil, ed. by Georg Buschan. Am. Anthropol., 29:112-13. Review. Reallexikon der Vorgeschichte, ed. by Max Ebert, Vols. 3-7. Am. Anthropol., 29:332x-35x. Review. Archiv fur Rassdubilder, by E. Eickstedt. Am. An- thropol., 29:339. Review. Der Urspring der Gottesidee, I: Historischkritischer Teil by Wilhelm Schmidt. Am. Anthropol., 29:689-90. Review. The Dip usion of Culture, by R. R. Marett. Am. An- thropol., 29: 690-91. Review. The Peoples of Southern Nigeria, by P. Amaury Talbot. Am. Anthropol., 29: 71 b-17. Review. Downland Man, by H. l. Massingham. New Repub., 51:234. Review. The Next Age of Man, by Albert Edward Wiggam. New Repub., ~ 1 :261-62. Review. Myth in Primitive Religion and Sex and Repression in Savage Society, by Bronislaw Malinowski. New Repub. (Winter Book Section), 53:115-16. Review. The Use of Stilts, Especially in Africa and America, by K. G. Lindblom. Am. Anthropol., 30: 157-58. A note on relationship terminologies. Am. Anthropol., 30:263-67. Individual differences and primitive culture. In: Wilhelm Schmidt Festschrif t, ed. by W. Koppers, pp. 495-500. Vienna, Mechi- taristen-Congregations-Buchdr. Incorporeal property in primitive society. Yale Law Journal, 37:551-63. Review. Beziehungen und Beeinflussungen der Kunstgruppen in Palaolithikum and A lter und Bedeutung der nordafrikanischen Felszeichnungen, by Herbert Kuhn. Am. Anthropol., 30: 327- 28. Edward S. Burgess, 1855-1928. Am. Anthropol., 30:481-82. Word formation in the American Indian languages. Am. Mercury, 14:332-34. Bathing through the ages. Am. Mercury, 15:62-64. Aboriginal education in America. Am. Mercury, 15: 192-96. With E. W. Gifford. Notes on the Akwa'ala Indians. Univ. Calif. Publ. Am. Archaeol. Ethnol., 23:339-52. Review. Bei den Urwaldzwergen von Malaya, by P. Schebesta. Am. Anthropol., 30:483-86.
ROBERT HARRY LOWIE 199 Review. The Yukaghir and the Yukaghirized Tungus, by W. Michelson. Am. Anthropol., 30:487-90. Review. Reallexikon der Vorgeschichte, ed. by Max Ebert, Vols. 8 and 9. Am. Anthropol., 30: 714-16. Review. Studies on the Origin of Cultivated Plants, by N. Vavilov. Am. Anthropol., 30:716-19. 1929 Are We Civilized? Human Culture in Perspective. New York, Har- court, Brace & Company. 306 pp. Notes on Hopi clans. Anthropol. Pap. Am. Mus. Nat. His., 30:303- 60. Hopi kinship. Anthropol. Pap. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 30:361-88. Culture and Ethnology. New York, Peter Smith. 189 pp. Relationship terms. In: Encyclopaedia Britannica, 14th ea., Vol. 19, pp. 84-89. New York, Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. Review. The Yukaghir and the Yukaghirized Tungus (continued), by W. Jochelson. Am. Anthropol., 31: 163-65. Review. Instructions pour les voyageurs: Instructions d'enquete linguistique, by Marcel Cohen. Am. Anthropol., 31:499. Review. Reallexikon der Vorgeschichte, ed. by Max Ebert, Vols. 10 and 11. Am. Anthropol., 31:499-500, 780-85. Review. The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, by I. W. Breasted; also First Report of the Prehistoric Survey Ex- pedition, by K. S. Sandford and W. l. Arkell. Am. Anthropol., 31:501. Review. Pots and Pans: The History of Ceramics, by H. S. Har- rison. Am. Anthropol., 31:504-6. Review. Coming of Age thropol., 31: 532-34. Samoa, by Margaret Mead. Am. An- 1930 Adoption, primitive. In: Encyclopaedia of the Social Sciences, Vol.l, pp.459-60. New York, The Macmillan Company. Age societies. In: Encyclopaedia of the Social Sciences, Vol. 1, pp. 482-83. New York, The Macmillan Company. In: Encyclopaedia of the Social Sciences, Vol. 2, pp. 369-70. New York, The Macmillan Company. Ceremony, primitive. In: Encyclopaedia of the Social Sciences, Vol. 3, pp. 313-14. New York, The Macmillan Company. Avoidance.
200 BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS Review. In the Beginning: The Origin of Civilization, by G. Elliot Smith; also Gods and Men: The Attainment of Immortality, by W. i. Perry. Am. Anthropol., 32:165-68. Review. Some Elements of Sexual Behavior in Primates, by Gerrit S. Miller. Am. Anthropol., 32: 168-69. Review. Ein Versuch zur Rettung des Evolutionism us, by Wilhelm Schmidt. Am. Anthropol., 32:169-70. Review. Reallexikon der Vorgeschichte, ed. by Max Ebert, Vol. 12. Am. Anthropol., 32: 170-71. Review. Peoples of Asiatic Russia, by Waldemar [ochelson; also Adoption among the Gunantuna. bY Tosenh Meter. Am. An- thropol., 32:178. The kinship terminology of the Bannock Indians. 32:294-99. Review. Reallexikon der Vorgeschichte, ed. by Max Ebert, Sol. 13. Am. Anthropol., 32: 300-1. A Crow text, with grammatical notes. Archaeol. Ethnol., 29: 155-75. a 1 Am. Anthropol., Univ. Calif. Publ. Am. "Freemasons" among North Dakota Indians. Am. Mercury, 19: 192- 96. Literature and ethnography. Am. Mercury, 19:454-58. American Indian cultures. Am. Mercury, 20:362-66. Review. Collected Essays in Ornamental Art, by Hjalmar Stolpe. Am. Anthropol., 32:301-2. Review. The Relationship Systems of the Tlingit, Haida, and Tsimshian, by T. M. Durlach. Am. Anthropol., 32:308-9. Review. Melanesian Shell Money, by A. B. Lewis. Am. An- thropol., 32:312-13. Review. The original home and mode of dispersal of the coconut, by Arthur W. Hill. Am. Anthropol., 32:320-21. Review. Der nord ische Mensch: Die Merkmale d er nord ischen Rasse mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der rassischen Ver- haltnisse Norwegens, by Halidan Bryn. Am. Anthropol., 32:547. Review. The Savage as He Really Is, by I. H. Driberg. Am. Anthropol., 32:557. Review. Ethnologischer Anzeiger, by M. Heydrich. Am. An- thropol., 32:661. 1931 Hugo Obermaier's reconstruction of sequences among prehistoric
ROBERT HARRY LOWIE ~ .. . . . 201 cultures in the Old World. In: Methods in Social Science, ed. by Stuart Rice, pp. 266-74. Chicago, University of Chicago Press. Inventiveness of the American Indian. Am. Mercury, 24:90-93. unclean theologians. Am. Mercury, 24: 472-79. Marriage and society among the Crow Indians. In: Source Book in Anthropology, ed. by A. L. Kroeber and T. T. Waterman. on. 9f`A f) 1~T~_._ fir_ 1 ¢$ . +~ a` ~ - - ~ <.r ou~-Y. new York, narcourt, Grace tic (company. Woman and religion. In: The Making of Man, ed. by V. F. Calver- ton, pp. 744-57. New York, The Modern Library, Inc. Review. An Introduction to Social Anthropology. bv Clark Wis.sler Am. Anthropol., 33: 111-12. Review. Tod und Unsterblichkeit im Glauben der Naturvolker, by K. T. Preuss. Am. Anthropol., 33:626-27. Review. The Mothers: The Matriarchal Theory of Social Origins, by Robert Briffault. Am. Anthropol., 33:630-31. Review. The Mound Builders, by H. C. Shetrone. New Repub., 65: 304-6. ~ O ~ , - · . 1932 Kinship. In: Encyclopaedia of the Social Sciences, Vol. 8, pp. 568- 72. New York, The Macmillan Company. Marriage and family life among the Plains Indians. Sci. Monthly, 34:462-64. Primitive points related to Aztecs. E1 Palacio, 32:82-83. Development of family pattern. E1 Palacio, 32:191-92. The Trocadero Museum. Am. Anthropol., 34: 165. Review. American: The Life Story of a Great Indian, by Frank B. Linderman. Am. Anthropol., 34:532-33. Review. The Narrative of a Southern Cheyenne Woman, by Truman Michelson. Am. Anthropol., 34:534. Review. Old Man Coyote (Croz~'J, by Frank B. Linderman. Am. Anthropol., 34:717-18. Proverbial expressions among the Crow Indians. Am. Anthropol., 34:739-40. 1933 Erland Nordenskiold, with bibliography of his writings. Am. An- thropol., 35: 158-64. Review. Die Verwand tschaf tsorganisation d er Urwaldstamme Sudamerikas, by Paul Kirchhoff. Am. Anthropol., 35:182-83.
202 BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS Review. Les Hommes-dieux chez les Chiriguano et dons l'Amerique du Sud, by A. Metraux. Am. Anthropol., 35:183-84. A Crow Indian medicine. Am. Anthropol., 35:207. Queries. Am. Anthropol., 35: 288-96. Review. Die menschliche Gesellschaft, by R. Thurnwald, Vols. 2 and 3. Am. Anthropol., 35: 343~5. Review. Ethnologicke materialie z jihozapad u U.S.A., by F. Pospisil. Am. Anthropol., 35:359. Review. Flesh of the Wild Ox: A Riffian Chronicle of High Valleys and Long Rifles, by Carleton S. Coon. Am. Anthropol., 35:372- 73. Review. Notes d'ethnologie Neo-Caledonienne, by M. Leenhardt. Am. Anthropol., 35:382. Crow prayers. Am. Anthropol., 35: 433-42. Review. Ethnology of Melanesia, by A. B. Lewis. Am. Anthropol., 35:527. Review. Omaha Secret Societies, by R. W. Fortune. Am. An- thropol., 35: 529-33. The family as a social unit. Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts, and Letters, 1932, 18:53-69. (Published also as appendix to the French translation of Primitive Society. See 1935.) Land tenure, primitive societies. In: Encyclopaedia of the Social Sciences, Vol. 9, pp. 76-77. New York, The Macmillan Company. Marriage. In: Encyclopaedia of the Social Sciences, Vol. 10, pp. 146-54. New York, The Macmillan Company. Sell`'nam kinship terms. Am. Anthropol., 35: 546-48. Primitive skeptics. Am. Mercury, 29: 320-23. 1934 An Introduction to Cultural Anthropology. New York, Farrar and Rinehart. 365 pp. Religious ideas and practices of the Eurasiatic and North American areas. In: Essays Presnted to C. G. Seligman, ed. by E. E. Evans- Pritchard and others, pp. 183-88. London, George Routledge & Sons, Ltd. Review. History, Psychology and Culture, by Alexander Golden- weiser. Am. Anthropol., 36:114-15. Schurtz, Heinrich (1863-1903~. In: Encyclopaedia of the Social Sciences, Vol. 13, p. 587. New York, The Macmillan Company.
ROBERT HARRY LOWIE 203 Social organization. In: Encyclopaedia of the Social Sciences, Vol. 14, pp. 141-48. New York, The Macmillan Company. Review. Red Mother, by Frank B. Linderman. ^ ^ -' 36: 124-26. Am. Anthropol., Review. Life in Lesu: The Study of a Melanesian Society in New Ireland, by Hortense Powdermaker. Am. Antl~ropol., 36:129- 30. Some moot problems in social organization. 321-30. Am. Anthropol., 36: Review. Bambuti, die Zwerge von Kongo, by Paul Schebesta. Am. Anthropol., 36:469. The Omaha and Crow kinship terminologies. In: Verhandlungen des XXIV. Internationalen Amerikanisten-Kongresses, Ham- burg, 1930, ed. by R. Grossmann and G. Antze, pp. 102-8. Ham- burg, Friederichsen, De Gruyter & Co. m.b.H. 1935 Fine kaukasisch-lapplandische Parallele. Anthropos, 30:224-25. The Crow Indians. New York, Farrar and Rinehart. 350 pp. Waitz, Franz Theodor (1821-1864~. In: Encyclopaedia of the Social Sciences, Vol. 15, p. 321. New York, The Macmillan Com- pany. Traite de sociologic humaine. (French translation of Primitive Society, translated by Alfred Metraux.) Paris, Payot. 460 pp. 1936 Cultural anthropology: a science. Am. ~. Sociol., 42:301-20. Manuel d'anthropologie culturelle. (French translation of An In- troduction to Cultural Anthropology, translated by Alfred Metraux.) Paris, Payot. 390 pp. Alfred L. Kroeber: professional appreciation. In: Essay in An- thropology Presented to Alfred L. Kroeber, ed. by R. H. Lowie, pp. xix-xxiii. Berkeley, University of California Press. Lewis H. Morgan in historical perspective. In: Essays in An- thropology Presented to Alfred L. Kroeber, ed. by R. H. Lowie, pp. 169-81. Berkeley, University of California Press. Bibliography of Alfred L. Kroeber. In: Essays in Anthropology Presented to Alfred L. Kroeber, ed. by R. H. Lowie, pp. 423-28. Berkeley, University of California Press. A 1 J ' ~ j _ _ _
204 Review. Bei Bauern und fagern in Inner-Angola, by Lunda Baumann. Am. Anthropol., 38:118-20. Review. Die schwarze Frau im Wandel Afrikas: Eine soziologische Studie unter ostafrikanischen Stammen, by Hilde Thurnwald. Am. Anthropol., 38: 120-21. Review. Introduction a la connaissance de l'lle de Paques, by A. Metraux. Am. Anthropol., 38: 126-27. BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS 1937 The History of Ethnological Theory. New York, Farrar and Rine- hart. 296 pp. Review. Schopfung und Urzeit des Menschen im Mythus der afrikanischen Volker, by Lunda Baumann. Am. Anthropol., 39: 346~7. Dr. Wissler on "The Crow Indians." Am. Anthropol., 39:366. With Curt Nimuendaju. The dual organizations of the Ramko- kamekra (Capella) of northern Brazil. Am. Anthropol., 39:565- 82. Translation. The Gamella Indians, by Curt Nimuendaju. Primi- tive Man, 10:58-72. Introduction. In: A Black Civilization, by W. Lloyd Warner, pp. xiii-xvi. New York, Harper & Brothers. Review. fabo Proverbs from Liberia, by George Herzog and Charles G. Blooah. [. Am. Folklore, 50:198. 1938 Subsistence. In: General Anthropology, ed. by Franz Boas, pp. 282-326. Boston, D. C. Heath & Company. A note on South American parallels to Maya and Aztec traits. Am. Antiquity, 4:157-59. Translation. The Social Structure of the Ramko-kamekra, by Curt Nimuendaj u. Am. Anthropol., 40: 51-74, 760. Review. Hand buch der Methode der kulturhistorischen Eth- nologie, by Wilhelm Schmidt. Am. Anthropol., 40: 142~4. Review. Primitive Behavior, by W. I. Thomas. Am. Anthropol., 40:144. The emergence hold and the foot-drum. Am. Anthropol., 40:174. Review. Blankets and Moccasins, by G. D. Wagner and W. A. Allen. Am. Anthropol., 40:309.
ROBERT HARRY LOWIE 205 Review. Die Feuerland-Indianer; Band II: Die Yamana, by Martin Gusinde. Am. Anthropol., 40:495-503. 1939 Ethnographic notes on the NVasho. Univ. Calif. Publ. Am. Archaeol. Ethnol., 36:30 1-52. With Curt Nimuendaju. Anthropol., 41:408-15. With Z. Harris and C. F. Voegelin. Hidatsa texts. Indiana His- torical Society Prehistory Research Series, 1:169-239. Translation. The Apinaye', by Curt Nimuendaju. Catholic Uni- versity of America Anthropological Series, No. 8. Washington, Catholic University of America. 189 pp. Review. Menschen der Sudsee, Characktere und Schicksale, by T. Thurnwald. J. Am. Folklore, 51:352-53. An Introduction to Cultural Anthropology. New York, Farrar and Rinehart. 584 pp. Native languages as ethnographic tools. Am. Anthropol., 42:81-89. American culture history. Am. Anthropol., 42:409-28. Translation. The Kupa, a cultivated plant of the Timbira of Brazil, by Curt Nimuendaju. In: Proceedings of the Sixth Con- gress of the Pacific Science Association, Berkeley, 1939, pp. 131- 34. Berkeley, University of California Press. Review. Race, Culture and Language, by Franz Boas. 598-99. The associations of the Serente. Am. 1941 Science, 91: Intellectual and cultural achievements of the human races. In: Scientific Aspects of the Race Problem, by H. S. Jennings et al., pp. 189-249. Washington, Catholic University of America. Note on the Ge tribes of Brazil. Am. Anthropol., 43:188-96. Review. Pioneers in American Anthropology: The Bandelier- Morgan Letters, 1873-1883, ed. by Leslie A. White. Am. An- tiquity,7:196-97. 1942 The Crow language: grammatical sketch and analyzed text. Univ. Calif. Publ. Am. Archaeol. Ethnol., 39:1-141. Studies in Plains Indian folklore. Univ. Calif. Publ. Am. Archaeol. Ethnol., 40: 1-28.
206 BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS The transition of civilizations in primitive society. Am. J. Social. 47: 527-43. Review. The Social Life of Primitive Man, by S. A. Sieber and F. H. Muller. Am. Anthropol., 44:313-14. Review. The Cheyenne Way, by K. N. Llewellyn and E. A. Hoebel. Am. Anthropol., 44:478-79. A marginal note to Professor Radcliffe-Brown's paper on "Social Structure." Am. Anthropol., 44:519-21. The professor talks back. Antioch Review, 2:317-21. Translation. The Serente, by Curt Nimuendaju. Publications of the F. W. Hodge Anniversary Publication Fund, Los Angeles, Vol. 4, 106 pp. Review. Smoke from Their Fires: The Life of a Kwaklutl Chief, by C. S. Ford. To-morrow, 1:59-60. Review. Sun Chief, by L. W. Simmons. lg43 To-morrow, 1: 62-63. Property rights and coercive powers of Plains Indian military societies. Journal of Legal and Political Science, 1:59-71. Soviet Russia and religion. To-morrow, 3:43-44. Review. Haddon: The Head Hunter, by A. H. Quiggin. Am. Anthropol., 45: 478-79. A note on the social life of the Northern Kayapo. 45:633-35. Franz Boas, anthropologist. Sci. Monthly, 56: 183-84. Franz Boas: his predecessors and his contemporaries. Science, Am. Anthropol., 97:202-3. 1944 Franz Boas ~ 1858-1942) . l. Am. Folklore, 57: 59-64. Bibliography of Franz Boas in folklore. J. Am. Folklore, 57:65-69. American contributions to anthropology. Science, 100:321-27. lean Bassett Johnson. Am. Anthropol., 46: 528-29. South American messiahs. Tomorrow, 4:68-70. Translation. Serente Tales, by Curt Nimuendaju. J. Am. Folk- lore, 57: 181-87. 1945 The German People: A Social Portrait to 1914. New York, Farrar and Rinehart. 143 pp.
