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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1999. Building Ocean Science Partnerships: The United States and Mexico Working Together. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5874.
×

BUILDING OCEAN SCIENCE PARTNERSHIPS

THE UNITED STATES AND MEXICO WORKING TOGETHER

AMC-NRC Joint Working Group on Ocean Sciences

Academia Mexicana de Ciencias

and

Ocean Studies Board

Commission on Geosciences, Environment, and Resources

National Research Council

NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS
Washington, D.C.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1999. Building Ocean Science Partnerships: The United States and Mexico Working Together. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5874.
×

NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS
2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W. Washington, DC 20418

NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the U.S. National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The Board of the Academia Mexicana de Ciencias also approved this project. The members of the working group responsible for the report were chosen for their special competencies and with regard for appropriate balance.

This report was supported by contracts from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the National Science Foundation in the United States and through funding provided by the National Research Council and the Academia Mexicana de Ciencias. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsors.

Library of Congress Catalog Number 97-68979

International Standard Book Number 0-309-05881-3

Additional copies of this report are available from:
National Academy Press
2101 Constitution Avenue, NW Box 285 Washington, D.C. 20055 800-624-6242 202-334-3313 (in the Washington Metropolitan area) http://www.nap.edu

Copyright 1999 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

Printed in the United States of America.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1999. Building Ocean Science Partnerships: The United States and Mexico Working Together. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5874.
×

AMC-NRC JOINT WORKING GROUP ON OCEAN SCIENCES

AGUSTÍN AYALA-CASTAÑARES (Co-chairman),

Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F.

ROBERT A. KNOX (Co-chairman),

University of California, San Diego

J. EDUARDO AGUAYO-CAMARGO,

Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F.

M. ELIZABETH CLARKE

(until September 1996), University of Miami, Florida

DANIEL COSTA,

University of California, Santa Cruz

ELVA G. ESCOBAR-BRIONES,

Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F.

D. JOHN FAULKNER,

University of California, San Diego

ARTEMIO GALLEGOS-GARCÍA,

Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F.

GERARDO GOLD-BOUCHOT,

Centro de Investigaciones y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Mérida, Mérida, Yucatán

EFRAÍN GUTIERREZ-GALINDO,

Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ensenada, B.C.

ADRIANA HUYER,

Oregon State University, Corvallis

DALE C. KRAUSE,

University of California, Santa Barbara

DANIEL LLUCH-BELDA,

Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, La Paz, Baja California Sur

CHRISTOPHER S. MARTENS,

University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill

MARIO MARTÍNEZ-GARCÍA,

Centro de Investigaciones Científicas del Noroeste, S.C., La Paz, Baja California Sur

CHRISTOPHER N.K. MOOERS,

University of Miami, Florida

JOSÉ LUIS OCHOA DE LA TORRE,

Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Ensenada, Baja California

GILBERT T. ROWE,

Texas A&M University, College Station

LUIS A. SOTO,

Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F.

FRANCISCO VICENTE-VIDAL LORANDI, Dirección de Posgrado e Investigación,

Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Cuernavaca, Morelos

VÍCTOR MANUEL VICENTE-VIDAL LORANDI, Dirección de Posgrado e Investigación,

Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Cuernavaca, Morelos

Staff

EDWARD R. URBAN, JR., Study Director

JENNIFER WRIGHT, Senior Project Assistant

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1999. Building Ocean Science Partnerships: The United States and Mexico Working Together. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5874.
×

OCEAN STUDIES BOARD

KENNETH BRINK (Chairman),

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Massachusetts

ALICE ALLDREDGE,

University of California, Santa Barbara

DAVID BRADLEY,

Pennsylvania State University, State College

DANIEL BROMLEY,

University of Wisconsin, Madison

OTIS BROWN,

University of Miami, Florida

WILLIAM CURRY,

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Massachusetts

RANA FINE,

University of Miami, Florida

CARL FRIEHE,

University of California, Irvine

ROBERT B. GAGOSIAN,

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Massachusetts

JOHN E. HOBBIE,

Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts

EILEEN E. HOFMANN,

Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia

EDWARD HOUDE,

University of Maryland, Solomons

JOHN KNAUSS,

University of California, San Diego

ROBERT A. KNOX,

University of California, San Diego

RAY KRONE,

University of California, Davis

LOUIS J. LANZEROTTI,

Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, Murray Hill, New Jersey

NANCY MARCUS,

Florida State University, Tallahassee

B. GREGORY MITCHELL,

University of California, San Diego

NEIL OPDYKE,

University of Florida, Gainesville

MICHAEL ORBACH,

Duke University, Beaufort, North Carolina

TERRANCE J. QUINN,

University of Alaska, Fairbanks

JAMES P. RAY,

Equilon Enterprises LLC, Houston, Texas

GEORGE SOMERO,

Stanford University, Pacific Grove, California

PAUL STOFFA,

University of Texas, Austin

KARL K. TUREKIAN,

Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut

Staff

MORGAN GOPNIK, Director

EDWARD R. URBAN, JR., Senior Program Officer

DAN WALKER, Senior Program Officer

SUSAN ROBERTS, Program Officer

ROBIN MORRIS, Administrative Associate

SHARI MAGUIRE, Senior Project Assistant

LORA TAYLOR, Senior Project Assistant

JENNIFER WRIGHT, Senior Project Assistant

ANN CARLISLE, Project Assistant

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1999. Building Ocean Science Partnerships: The United States and Mexico Working Together. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5874.
×

COMMISSION ON GEOSCIENCES, ENVIRONMENT, AND RESOURCES

GEORGE M. HORNBERGER (Chairman),

University of Virginia, Charlottesville

PATRICK R. ATKINS,

Aluminum Company of America, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

B. JOHN GARRICK,

PLG, Inc., Newport Beach, California

THOMAS E. GRAEDEL,

Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut

DEBRA KNOPMAN,

Progressive Foundation, Washington, D.C.

KAI N. LEE,

Williams College, Williamstown, Massachusetts

JUDITH E. MCDOWELL,

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Massachusetts

RICHARD A. MESERVE,

Covington & Burling, Washington, D.C.

HUGH C. MORRIS,

Canadian Global Change Program, Delta, British Columbia

RAYMOND A. PRICE,

Queen's University at Kingston, Ontario

H. RONALD PULLIAM,

University of Georgia, Athens

THOMAS C. SCHELLING,

University of Maryland, College Park

VICTORIA J. TSCHINKEL,

Landers and Parsons, Tallahassee, Florida

E-AN ZEN,

University of Maryland, College Park

MARY LOU ZOBACK,

United States Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California

Staff

ROBERT M. HAMILTON, Executive Director

CRAIG SCHIFFRIES, Associate Executive Director for Special Projects

GREGORY H. SYMMES, Assistant Executive Director

JEANETTE SPOON, Administrative and Financial Officer

SANDI FITZPATRICK, Administrative Associate

MARQUITA SMITH, Administrative Assistant/Technology Analyst

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1999. Building Ocean Science Partnerships: The United States and Mexico Working Together. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5874.
×

The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Bruce Alberts is president of the National Academy of Sciences.

The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. William Wulf is president of the National Academy of Engineering.

The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Kenneth I. Shine is president of the Institute of Medicine.

The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy's purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Bruce Alberts and Dr. William Wulf are chairman and vice-chairman, respectively, of the National Research Council.

The Academia Mexicana de Ciencias (AMC), formerly the Academia de la Investigación Científica (AIC), is an independent, nonprofit association, established in 1959, to which distinguished Mexican scientists are affiliated on an individual basis. The AMC has pursued the development of scientific research in Mexico and the consolidation of the national academic community. The AMC has advocated that the production of knowledge should always be for the benefit of mankind and the preservation of the environment, while ensuring that scientific activity be governed by the ethical principles of the common good. The AMC's commitment to the Mexican nation entails promoting dialogue between scientists and members of civil society and state authorities for the examination and solution of national problems. Dr. Francisco Bolivar Zapata is its president.

The Fundación Nacional de Investigación (FNI) is a consortium of three Mexican Academies, namely the Academia Mexicana de Ciencias, the Academia Nacional de Medicina, and the Academia Nacional de Ingeniería. FNI is an auxiliary organization that serves as the operating branch of the three academies for the undertaking of joint studies with Mexican and foreign experts.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1999. Building Ocean Science Partnerships: The United States and Mexico Working Together. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5874.
×

Acknowledgment of Reviewers

This report has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the NRC's Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the NRC in making the published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process. We wish to thank the following individuals for their participation in the review of this report:

Robert Dunbar, Stanford University

J. Frederick Grassle, Rutgers University

Robert Herzstein, Shearman and Sterling, Washington, D.C.

John Knauss, Scripps Institution of Oceanography/University of Rhode Island

Thomas Malone, North Carolina State University

Bruce Phillips, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Australia

Alberto Zirino, Naval Ocean Systems Center, San Diego

The report also was reviewed by three other individuals, including two Mexican reviewers, who wished to remain anonymous. While the individuals listed above have provided many constructive comments and suggestions, it must be emphasized that responsibility for the final content of this report rests entirely with the authoring committee and the NRC.

Page viii Cite
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1999. Building Ocean Science Partnerships: The United States and Mexico Working Together. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5874.
×

Preface

It is with great pleasure that we present the following report of the Joint Working Group on Ocean Sciences (JWG) that was a collaboration between the Academia Mexicana de Ciencias (AMC) and the U.S. National Research Council. This report resulted from cooperative efforts of Mexican and U.S. ocean scientists over a period of two and one-half years. The report is published in both Spanish and English to make its information accessible to scientists in both nations. We believe this report will provide the foundation for increased cooperation between ocean scientists and policymakers of Mexico and the United States, to the benefit of the citizens of both nations.

It has been rewarding to work together as colleagues and to discuss exciting scientific opportunities that would best be explored in binational scientific activities. We were also challenged by the social and environmental issues that will require a strong ocean science capability in both nations. We hope that this will be only the beginning of stronger binational cooperation. It is encouraging to see members of the JWG lead the way in binational cooperation by inviting participation in a research cruise, hosting a scientist on sabbatical, and jointly organizing a multinational conference focused on the Gulf of Mexico. We hope that this report will encourage such activities to multiply.

We extend our thanks to all JWG members, who worked diligently to produce this report. Special thanks are due to Ed Urban, the study director at the Ocean Studies Board, without whose extraordinary hard work, patience, and diligence this report could not have been completed. The JWG also thanks the sponsors of this study: the AMC in Mexico and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Science Foundation, and National Research Council in the United States.

AGUSTÍN AYALA-CASTAÑARES

Mexican Co-chairman

ROBERT A. KNOX

U.S. Co-chairman

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1999. Building Ocean Science Partnerships: The United States and Mexico Working Together. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5874.
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Building Ocean Science Partnerships: The United States and Mexico Working Together Get This Book
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Building Ocean Science Partnerships describes a set of potential ocean science projects for cooperative research between scientists from the United States and Mexico, particularly focused on the Pacific Coast of California and Baja California, the Gulf of California, and the Gulf of Mexico. Barriers to cooperation between scientists of the two nations are identified, and methods to overcome such barriers are recommended.

The book describes how interactions can be promoted by enhancing opportunities for education and training, building and sharing scientific infrastructure, participating together in large-scale marine research programs and regional ocean observing systems, planning joint science events and publications, and developing sources of binational funding. Building Ocean Science Partnerships will be published in English and Spanish to make its contents widely accessible in the United States and Mexico.

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