National Academies Press: OpenBook
« Previous: 6. Conclusions and Recommendations
Suggested Citation:"References." Institute of Medicine. 1998. Ensuring Safe Food: From Production to Consumption. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6163.
×

References

Archer DL, Kvenberg JE. 1985. Incidence and cost of foodborne diarrheal disease in the United States. J Food Prot 48(10):887-894.


Bock SA. 1992. The incidence of severe adverse reactions to food in Colorado. JAllergy Clin Immunol 90(4 Pt 1):683-685.

Buzby JC, Roberts T. 1997. Guillain-barre syndrome increases foodborne disease costs. Food Rev 20(3):36-42.


CAST(Council for Agricultural Science and Technology). 1994. Foodborne pathogens: risks and consequences. Council for Agricultural Science and Technology, Ames, IA.

CFIA(Canadian Food Inspection Agency). 1997. Corporate business plan, 1997-2000.

CFIA. 1998. 1998-99 Report on plans and priorities.

Consumers Union. 1998. Chicken: What you don't know can hurt you. Consumer Reports. March 1998. pp. 12-18.


Dale K, Wildavsky A. 1991. Individual differences in risk perception and risk-taking preferences.(pp. 15-24) In The Analysis, Communication and Perception of Risk. BJ Garrick and WC Gekler, eds. Plenum Press, New York, NY.

DeWaal CS, Dahl E. 1997. Adoption of the 1995 food code: A survey of 45 state and local health departments. JAssoc Food Drug Officials. 61(4):15-29.

DHHS(Department of Health and Human Services). 1995. Food Code. Public Health Service, Food and Drug Administration. Department of Commerce, Springfield, VA.

DHHS. 1997a. Food Code. Public Health Service, Food and Drug Administration. US Department of Commerce, Springfield, VA.

DHHS. 1997b. FDA approves irradiation of meat and pathogen control. HHS News, Dec 2, 1997. US Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC.

Suggested Citation:"References." Institute of Medicine. 1998. Ensuring Safe Food: From Production to Consumption. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6163.
×

DHHS. 1998. National computer network in place to combat foodborne illness. HHS News, May 22, 1998. US Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC.

Douglas M, Wildavsky A. 1982. Risk and Culture. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA.

Douglas M. 1985. Risk Acceptability According to the Social Sciences. Social Research Perspectives. Russell Sage Foundation, New York, NY.

FAO/WHO(Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization). 1997. Codex Alimentarius Commission: Procedural Manual, Tenth Edition. Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme, FAO, Rome.

FDA(Food and Drug Administration). 1995. Procedures for the safe and sanitary processing and importing of fish and fishery products, final rule . Food and Drug Administration, Department of Health and Human Services. Fed Reg 60(242):65095-65202.

Federal Coordinating Council for Science, Engineering, and Technology. 1993. An Overview of Food Safety Research. A report by the Committee on Food, Agricultural, and Forestry Research. Washington, DC.

Fitchen J. 1987. Cultural aspects of environmental problems: individualism and chemical contamination of groundwater. Sci Tech Hum Values. 12(2): 1-12.

FMI(Food Marketing Institute). 1997a. Mealtime trends: the state of dinnertime solutions, vol. 1. Food Marketing Institute, Washington, DC.

FMI. 1997b. Food marketing industry speaks and detailed tabulations. Food Marketing Institute, Washington, DC.

FMI. 1998a. Trends in the United States: Consumer attitudes and the supermarket, 1998. Food Marketing Institute, Washington, DC.

FMI. 1998b. A study of consumer trends toward irradiation. Food Marketing Institute, Washington, DC.

Francer JK, Jung CH, Pak SS. 1998. Food safety: Enhancing a fragmented regulatory system. John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA.

FSIS(Food Safety and Inspection Service). 1996a. Food Standards and Labeling Policy Book. US Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC.

FSIS. 1996b. Pathogen reduction; Hazard analysis and critical control point systems, final rule. United States Department of Agriculture. Fed Reg 61(144):3880638989.

FSIS. 1997. Hazard analysis and critical control point(HACCP) update. June 17, 1997. US Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC.

FSIS. 1998. HACCP implementation. A science-based strategy for protecting the public health. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC.


GAO(U.S. General Accounting Office). 1992. Food safety and quality. Uniform, risk-based inspection system needed to ensure safe food supply. Report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, Committee on Energy and Commerce, US House of Representatives. Resources, Community, and Economic Division, Report 92-152. Washington, DC.

GAO. 1994a. Food safety: Risk-based inspections and microbial monitoring needed for meat and poultry. Resources, Community and Economic Division, Report 94110. Washington, DC.

GAO. 1994b. Food Safety: Changes needed to minimize unsafe chemicals in food. Report 94-192. Washington, DC.

Suggested Citation:"References." Institute of Medicine. 1998. Ensuring Safe Food: From Production to Consumption. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6163.
×

GAO. 1997. Food Safety: Fundamental changes needed to improve food safety. Report 97-249. Washington, DC.

GAO. 1998. Food safety: Federal efforts to ensure the safety of imported foods are inconsistent and unreliable. Resources, Community and Economic Division, Report 98-103. Washington, DC.

Groth E. 1991. Communicating with consumers about food safety and risk issues. Food Tech 45(5):248-253.

Guzelian PS, Henry CJ, Olin SS(eds). 1992. Similarities and differences in adults and children: Implications for safety assessment. ILSI Press, Washington, DC.

Hartman and New Hope. 1998. U.S. consumer use of vitamins, minerals, and herbal supplements: VMHS phase one. Hartman & New Hope, Bellevue, WA.

Hefle SL, Nordlee JA, Taylor SL. 1996. Allergenic Foods. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 36 Suppl:S69-89.

Hennessy TW, Hedberg CW, Slutsker L, White KE, Besser-Wiek JM, Moen ME, Feldman J, Coleman WW, Edmonson LM, MacDonald KL, Osterholm MT, The Investigation Team. 1996. A national outbreak of Salmonella enteritidis infections from ice cream. N Engl J Med 334:1281-6.


IFIC(International Food Information Council Foundation). 1998. Food for thought II: Reporting of diet, nutrition and food safety. Washington, DC.

ILSI(International Life Sciences Institute). 1996. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, Special Supplement - Allergenicity of Foods Produced by Genetic Modifications, F. Clydesdale(ed.), vol. 36:S1-186.

IFT. 1998. Guiding principles for optimum food safety oversight and regulation in the United States. Food Tech 52(5):30, 50-52.

IOM(Institute of Medicine). 1997. Dietary reference intakes: Calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, vitamin D, and fluoride. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.


Kuhn TS. 1970(1962). The structure of scientific revolutions, second edition, enlarged. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL.


Lowrance WW. 1976. Of acceptable risk. W. Kaufmann, Inc. Los Altos, CA.


Maciorowski KG, Nisbet DJ, Ha SD, Corrier DE Jr, Ricke SC. 1997. Fermentation and growth response of a primary poultry isolate of Salmonella typhimurium grown under strict anaerobic conditions in continuous culture and amino acid-limited batch culture. Adv Exp Med Biol 412:201-208.

MAFF(Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Food). 1998. The food standards agency: A force for change. London, England.

Miller SA. 1997. Developing a new food wholesomeness science to ensure food safety. Food Tech 51(12):62-65.

Morris GV, and Potter M. 1997. Emergence of new pathogens as a function of changes in host susceptibility. Emerg Infect Dis 3(4):435-441.


NAS(National Academy of Sciences). 1987. Poultry inspection: The basis for a risk assessment approach. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.

NAS. 1990. Cattle inspection. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.

NAS. 1993. Emerging infections: Microbial threats to health in the US. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.

NASS(National Agricultural Statistics Service). 1995. Hogs and Pigs. Agricultural Statistics Board, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC.

New Product News. 1998. New product update. January, 1998.

Suggested Citation:"References." Institute of Medicine. 1998. Ensuring Safe Food: From Production to Consumption. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6163.
×

NRC(National Research Council). 1985. Meat and poultry inspection. The scientific basis of the nation 's program. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.

NRC. 1989. Improving risk communication. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.

NRC. 1993. Pesticides in the diets of infants and children. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.

NRC. 1994. Investing in the national research initiative: An update of the competitive grants program in the U.S. Department of Agriculture. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.

Office of the President. 1998. Press release: The President announces joint institute for food safety research and labeling of fresh juices. July 4, 1998. The White House, Washington, DC.

Olson DG. 1998. The irradiation of food. Food Tech 52(1):56-62.

OMB(U.S. Office of Management and Budget). 1998. Budget of the United States, Fiscal Year 1999.

Osterholm MT, Hedberg CW, Moore KA. In press. Foodborne diseases: Are they really emerging infections? Emerg Infect Dis.


Panter EK, Robens JF(eds). 1997. 1997 Progress report on food safety research conducted by ARS. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture , Washington, DC.

Partnership for Food Safety Education. 1997a Backgrounder. Taking the pulse of the general public: Major knowledge gap about foodborne illness prevention. October 1997.

Partnership for Food Safety Education. 1997b. News Release: New safe food handling campaign urges Americans to "Fight BAC!" October 24, 1997.

Putnam JJ, and Allshouse JE. 1997. Food consumption, prices and expenditures, 1970-1995. Food and Consumer Economics Division, Economics Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Statistical Bulletin No. 939, Washington, DC.


Rawson JM, Vogt DU. 1998. Food safety agencies and authorities: A primer. Library of Congress, Congressional Research Service, Washington, DC.


Sandman P. 1987. Risk communication: Facing public outrage. EPA J 13(9):21.

Scherer CW. 1991. Strategies for communicating risks to the public. Food Tech 45(10): 110-116.

Slovic P. 1986. Informing and educating the public about risk. Risk Anal 6(4):403-415.

Slovic P. 1987. Perception of risk. Science 236(4799):280-285.

Slovic P. Fischhoff B, Lichtenstein S. 1979. Rating the risks. Environment 21(3): 14-20, 36-39.

Sobal J, Kahn LK, Bisogni CA. In press. A conceptual model of the food and nutrition system. Soc Sci Med.


United States Census Bureau. 1997. Data base news in aging. Federal Interagency Forum on Aging-Related Statistics. United States Census Bureau, Washington, DC.

USDA(United States Department of Agriculture). 1939. Food and life. United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC.


Wolf I. 1992. Critical issues in food safety, 1991-2000. Food Tech 46(1):64-70.

Suggested Citation:"References." Institute of Medicine. 1998. Ensuring Safe Food: From Production to Consumption. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6163.
×
Page 101
Suggested Citation:"References." Institute of Medicine. 1998. Ensuring Safe Food: From Production to Consumption. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6163.
×
Page 102
Suggested Citation:"References." Institute of Medicine. 1998. Ensuring Safe Food: From Production to Consumption. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6163.
×
Page 103
Suggested Citation:"References." Institute of Medicine. 1998. Ensuring Safe Food: From Production to Consumption. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6163.
×
Page 104
Next: Appendix A Glossary and Organizational Framework for the Current Food Safety System »
Ensuring Safe Food: From Production to Consumption Get This Book
×
 Ensuring Safe Food: From Production to Consumption
Buy Paperback | $48.00 Buy Ebook | $38.99
MyNAP members save 10% online.
Login or Register to save!
Download Free PDF

How safe is our food supply? Each year the media report what appears to be growing concern related to illness caused by the food consumed by Americans. These food borne illnesses are caused by pathogenic microorganisms, pesticide residues, and food additives. Recent actions taken at the federal, state, and local levels in response to the increase in reported incidences of food borne illnesses point to the need to evaluate the food safety system in the United States. This book assesses the effectiveness of the current food safety system and provides recommendations on changes needed to ensure an effective science-based food safety system. Ensuring Safe Food discusses such important issues as:

What are the primary hazards associated with the food supply? What gaps exist in the current system for ensuring a safe food supply? What effects do trends in food consumption have on food safety? What is the impact of food preparation and handling practices in the home, in food services, or in production operations on the risk of food borne illnesses? What organizational changes in responsibility or oversight could be made to increase the effectiveness of the food safety system in the United States?

Current concerns associated with microbiological, chemical, and physical hazards in the food supply are discussed. The book also considers how changes in technology and food processing might introduce new risks. Recommendations are made on steps for developing a coordinated, unified system for food safety. The book also highlights areas that need additional study. Ensuring Safe Food will be important for policymakers, food trade professionals, food producers, food processors, food researchers, public health professionals, and consumers.

READ FREE ONLINE

  1. ×

    Welcome to OpenBook!

    You're looking at OpenBook, NAP.edu's online reading room since 1999. Based on feedback from you, our users, we've made some improvements that make it easier than ever to read thousands of publications on our website.

    Do you want to take a quick tour of the OpenBook's features?

    No Thanks Take a Tour »
  2. ×

    Show this book's table of contents, where you can jump to any chapter by name.

    « Back Next »
  3. ×

    ...or use these buttons to go back to the previous chapter or skip to the next one.

    « Back Next »
  4. ×

    Jump up to the previous page or down to the next one. Also, you can type in a page number and press Enter to go directly to that page in the book.

    « Back Next »
  5. ×

    Switch between the Original Pages, where you can read the report as it appeared in print, and Text Pages for the web version, where you can highlight and search the text.

    « Back Next »
  6. ×

    To search the entire text of this book, type in your search term here and press Enter.

    « Back Next »
  7. ×

    Share a link to this book page on your preferred social network or via email.

    « Back Next »
  8. ×

    View our suggested citation for this chapter.

    « Back Next »
  9. ×

    Ready to take your reading offline? Click here to buy this book in print or download it as a free PDF, if available.

    « Back Next »
Stay Connected!