Index
A
Academic research, 5, 27, 28, 130, 145
Division of Statistics and, 33
Food and Agriculture Policy Research Institute, 108-109, 117-118, 119
historical perspectives, 33, 34-35, 63, 64, 117-118, 132
land grant colleges, 34, 38, 64, 65, 132
Extension Service, 10, 38, 47, 132, 143
publications of individual ERS researchers, 104, 112, 113, 123
Accounting and accountability, general, 4, 109, 110
see also Evaluation issues
Administration and administrators, 5-9, 10, 14, 16, 46, 56, 73-77, 87-88, 105, 106, 116-146
evaluation, general, 2, 3-5, 8, 91-115
evaluation instruments, 110
evaluation of staff, 110-114
farm management, 33, 34, 36, 40, 61
principles of, 125-132
task analysis and management, 56, 108, 111-112, 113, 114, 123
see also Organization factors;
Procurement
Agency for International Development, 50-51, 62, 65, 109
Agricultural Act, 71
Agricultural Adjustment Act, 43
Agricultural Adjustment Administration, 38, 41, 43
Agricultural Marketing Service, 40
Agricultural production, see Production indicators and controls
Agricultural Research Service, 6, 10, 21, 40, 131, 132, 143
Agricultural Resource Management Study, 140
Agricultural Resources and Environmental Indicators, 99
Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service, 38
Agriculture and Food Act, 60-61
American Agricultural Economics Association, 83
American Economic Association, 35
American Farm Bureau Federation, 40
Animal health, 33
Antitrust, see Monopolies
Assistant Secretary for Economics, 11, 145
Auctions, 22-23, 26, 27-29, 112, 132
Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 118-119
B
intellectual property, 22
Budget, see Funding
Budget and Program Analysis Office, 108
Bureau of Agricultural Economics, 1, 2, 13, 14-15, 16, 17, 30, 34-54 (passism), 66, 68, 81, 87, 89, 117-118, 142, 144
Bureau of Crop Estimates, 33
Bureau of Labor/Bureau of Labor Statistics, 46
Bureau of Markets and Crop Estimates, 33, 34
Bureau of Plant Industry, 33
Bureau of Statistics, 33
see also Bureau of Crop Estimates
Bush administration, 63
C
Carter administration, 56
Census Bureau, see Bureau of Census
Climate change, see Global warming
Colleges and universities, see Academic research; Educational attainment; Education and training
Commodity Credit Corporation, 38, 59
Competition
Competition in Contracting Act, 5, 125
sole-source contract awards, 5-6, 125, 127, 128, 132
vertical/horizontal market integration, 78, 103
see also Global economy
Competition in Contracting Act, 5, 125
Computational general equilibrium model, 112, 114
Confidentiality, 126-127
Congressional Budget Office, 108
Conversation, see Environmental protection; Natural resources
Conservation Reserve Program, 3, 25, 102, 112
Contract procurement, see Procurement
Cooperatives, 37
Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, 10, 38, 47, 132, 143
Cost and cost-benefit factors
commodity price projections, 109
conservation tillage, 3
evaluation of services, 93, 100
food assistance, 100
GATT/WTO, 31
information dissemination, 20, 109
policy, general, 37
production and, 18
research, 4, 22, 106, 109, 126, 135
social experimentation, 30
subsides, cost of production indicators, 55
transaction costs, 126
Council of Economic Advisers, 2
Credibility of research, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 12, 16, 30, 68, 107, 112, 121, 124-125, 132, 133-134, 136, 137, 139, 144, 145, 146
Crop data and estimates, 33, 36
D
Data collection, 22-23
historical perspectives, 22, 32-69
mission statement of ERS, 107
see also Secondary data preparation and analysis
Demand, see Supply and demand
Department of Defense, 27, 120, 144
Department of Health and Human Services, 62, 120, 144
Department of Labor, 46, 120, 144
Department of State, 62
Department of the Interior, 62, 80
Depression and recession
see also Economic cycles;
Great Depression
Developing countries, 52, 55, 58, 60, 100
Agency for International Development, 50-51, 62, 65, 109
food aid, 3, 47, 50, 62, 65, 100
Diet and nutrition, see Food safety; Food supply; Nutrition
Division of Foreign Markets, 33, 47
Division of Land Economics, 53
Division of Market Trade and Economics, 100
Division of Statistics, 32-33
E
Economic cycles, 51, 58-59, 70, 71
see also Great Depression
Economic Indicators of the Farm Sector, 99
Educational attainment
farmers, 36
researcher staff, 65-66, 67, 85
Education and training
Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, 10, 38, 47, 132, 143
Division of Statistics, 33
historical perspectives, 33, 38
market forces, 92-93
Eisenhower administration, 40
Electric power, 21
Employment issues, see Staffing and staff analysis
Energy resources
see also Electric power
Environmental protection, 8, 20, 26, 73, 90, 102, 105, 135, 141
Conservation Reserve Program, 3, 25, 102, 112
electric power, pollution, 25
historical perspectives, 47, 49, 52-53, 54, 60, 61, 62
market externalities, 19, 24-25
National Environmental Policy Act, 52
see also Natural resources
Environmental Protection Agency, 62
Equity issues, 21, 24, 25, 105
accounting and accountability, 4, 109, 110
client, 15, 92, 93, 106, 109, 110, 112
formal/informal, 109-110
instrument development and administration, 110
management framework, 2, 3-5, 8, 91-115
mission statements, 107
peer review, 7, 28, 111, 113, 123, 136, 137
publications of individual ERS researchers, 112, 113, 123
research, general, 2, 11, 14, 29, 31, 44, 91-115 (passism), 136-137
research credibility, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 12, 16, 30, 68, 107, 112, 121 , 124-125, 132, 133-134, 136, 137, 139, 144, 145, 146
research relevance, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 16, 27, 29, 30, 51, 62, 63, 83, 106, 107, 109, 120, 122-123, 124, 130, 131, 133-134, 136, 137, 140, 143, 145, 146
research timeliness, 1-2, 4, 5, 9, 16, 30, 106, 107, 109, 121-122, 123, 126, 133-134
secondary data, 94, 95, 107, 134-136
task analysis and management, 56, 108, 111-112, 113, 114, 123
see also Procurement;
Standards
Exports and imports, see Foreign trade
Extramural research, general, 2, 5, 7, 123, 130-131, 141-142, 145
see also Private sector;
Procurement
F
Farm Business Economics, 99
Farmer Cooperative Service, 56
Farmer's Home Administration, 38
Farm income, 8, 21, 33, 34, 40, 41, 119, 135
historical perspectives, 33, 34, 40, 41, 52, 55, 59, 60, 117
subsidies, 43, 52, 55, 59, 60, 71, 93
see also Prices and price supports technological innovations, 78
Farm management, 33, 34, 36, 40, 61
Farm Security Administration, 38
Farm Service Agency, 38
Federal Agricultural Improvement and Reform Act, 71-72
Federal Crop Insurance Corporation, 38, 65
Federal Energy Administration, 28
Federal government, not USDA, 5, 17, 29, 32, 117-118, 120
market intervention, general, 1, 13, 14, 24-25
mission statement of ERS, 107
policy analysis defined, 29
private sector services overlap, 93-94
see also Funding;
Legislation;
Procurement;
specific departments and agencies
Federally funded research and development centers, 5, 117, 120, 126 , 127, 129, 130
Federal Reserve Board, 58
Fiber products, 3
Food and Agriculture Policy Research Institute, 108-109, 117-118, 119
Food assistance programs, 3, 47, 50, 62, 65, 100
see also Food stamps
Food safety, 8, 33, 47, 49, 62, 73, 90, 100, 101, 105
Food Security Act, 61
Food stamps, 47, 49-50, 53, 55, 62, 63, 72
Food supply, 3, 16, 60, 100-101, 105
global, 78
historical perspectives, 35, 54, 60
see also Food assistance programs;
Food safety;
Food stamps;
Nutrition;
Supply and demand
Ford administration, 55
Foreign Agricultural Analysis Division, 47
Foreign Agricultural Service, 38, 47, 66
Foreign countries, see Developing countries; International perspectives; specific countries
Foreign trade, 3, 70, 71, 100, 102, 119
commodity price projections, 108-109
Division of Foreign Markets, 33
dumping, 37
food standards harmonization, 101
Foreign Agricultural Service, 38, 47, 66
GATT/WTO, 26, 31, 50, 52, 55, 59, 72, 100, 105, 107
globalization, other than GATT/WTO, 13, 24, 33, 46, 51-52, 70, 72, 78, 79-80, 90, 105-106, 108
historical perspectives, 33, 37, 41, 46, 47, 48-49, 50, 51-52, 55, 58, 59-60, 62, 66, 70
secondary data preparation, 41, 95
tariffs, 3
treaties, other than GATT and NAFTA, 79, 112, 114
Funding, 2, 3, 5, 18, 21, 74-76, 83-84, 102, 141
Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 118-119
budget deficits, 58
Department of Defense, 120
federally funded research and development centers, 5, 117, 120, 126 , 127, 129, 130
Food and Agricultural Policy Research Institute, 119
food programs, other, 63
historical perspectives, 50-51, 54, 56, 57, 60, 62, 64-68
interagency transfers, 50-51, 57, 64-65, 109, 143
outlays by category, 1962-1996, 54, 72-73
price projections and, 108
see also Procurement
G
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade/World Trade Organization, 26, 31, 50, 52, 55, 59, 72, 100, 105, 107
Genetic engineering, see Biotechnology
Global economy, 13, 24, 33, 46, 51-52, 70, 72, 78, 79-80, 90, 105-106, 108
GATT/WTO, 26, 31, 50, 52, 55, 59, 72, 100, 105, 107
treaties, other than GATT and NAFTA, 79, 112, 114
Government Performance and Results Act, 4, 15, 105, 110, 115
Great Depression, 33, 35, 42-43, 53, 59, 79, 80
New Deal, 37
Great Society, 47-48
H
Health issues, see Biotechnology; Environmental protection; Food safety
Historical perspectives, 2-3, 11, 12, 14, 16, 17-18, 30, 32-69, 71 -72, 117-118, 144
academic research, 33, 34-35, 63, 64, 117-118, 132
biotechnology, intellectual property, 22
committee methodology, 2
credibility of research, 7, 16, 30
education and training, 33, 38
environmental issues, 47, 49, 52-53, 54, 60, 61, 62
farm income, 33, 34, 40, 41, 52, 55, 59, 60, 117
food stamps, 47, 49-50, 53, 55, 62, 63, 72
foreign trade, 33, 37, 41, 46, 47, 48-49, 50, 51-52, 55, 58, 59-60, 62, 66, 70
funding, 50-51, 54, 56, 57, 60, 62, 64-68
information dissemination, 22, 33, 41, 44
nutrition, 35, 47, 49-50, 53, 54, 55, 60, 62
see also subheads beginning ''food" supra
organizational factors, 32-34, 37-40, 45-46, 48-51, 56, 61-62
political factors, 32, 35-47 (passim), 51-53, 55, 60-64
prices and price supports, 33, 35, 36, 37, 40, 41, 43, 47, 51, 52-53, 55, 56, 58, 59, 132
production indicators and controls, 41, 43, 45, 53, 63, 71-72, 117
rural development, 37, 45, 47, 49, 50, 52, 61, 117
secondary data, 41, 46, 51, 55, 68
Situation and Outlook, 36, 46, 55, 61-62
staffing, 2, 41, 42, 46, 56, 58, 64, 66
educational attainment, 65-66, 67, 85
supply and demand, 52, 53, 56, 58-59, 60, 62
see also "food supply" supra
see also Bureau of Agricultural Economics
Hoover administration, 36
I
Imports and exports, see Foreign trade
Incentives, general, 3, 14, 26, 28, 56
sole-source awards, 5-6, 125, 127, 128, 132
staff, 111-112
taxes, 23(n.5)
Income, 60
distribution of, government intervention, 21, 24, 25
equity issues, 21, 24, 25, 105
see also Farm income;
Poverty
Information dissemination, 134-136, 139-142
historical perspectives, 22, 33, 41, 44
market forces, 8, 19-20, 24, 33, 41
publications, 2, 41, 73, 86, 95, 99, 104, 112, 123
see also Situation and Outlook
public good, information as, 19, 22, 28
technological innovation, 23
see also Secondary data preparation and analysis
Innovation, see Technological innovation
Institutional factors, 24, 79, 83
historical perspectives, 24
see also Organizational factors;
Political factors
Intellectual property, 19, 20, 22
public good, information as, 19, 22, 28
Intermediate research, 7, 16, 81, 95, 112, 113, 136-137
International perspectives, 3, 118-119
food standards harmonization, 101
foreign ownership of U.S. farmland, 53, 61
see also Developing countries;
Food assistance programs;
Foreign trade;
Treaties;
specific countries
Interstate Commerce Commission, 18
Intramural research, general, 5, 116, 118, 123, 129, 141-142, 145
see also Staffing and staff analysis
J
Johnson administration, 47-48, 50
K
Kennedy administration, 44, 46, 47, 50
L
Land grant colleges, 34, 38, 64, 65, 132
Extension Service, 10, 38, 47, 132, 143
Legislation, 5, 8, 17, 47, 52, 53, 55, 59, 60, 64, 71, 79, 107, 135
Agricultural Act, 71
Agricultural Adjustment Act, 43
Agricultural and Food Act, 60-61
Competition in Contracting Act, 5, 125
Federal Agricultural Improvement and Reform Act, 71-72
Food Security Act, 61
Government Performance and Results Act, 4, 15, 105, 110, 115
historical patterns, 36, 43, 47, 52, 53, 55, 59, 60, 61, 71-72, 86 -87
National Environmental Policy Act, 52
National Recovery Act, 43
Livestock, 33
Long-term research, 4, 7, 8, 16, 41, 51, 81, 95, 112, 113, 136-137, 140
Low-income, see Developing countries; Poverty; Welfare
M
Marketing and market forces, 1, 13, 100, 117, 141
education, postgraduate, 92-93
environmental issues, 19, 24-25
evaluation of services and, 92-93
government intervention rationale, 1, 13, 14, 18-21, 36-37, 72
historical perspectives, 33, 34, 36-37, 45, 48-49, 55
information dissemination, 8, 19-20, 24, 33, 41
research, market for, 3-4, 14, 25-26, 33, 34, 40, 45, 94, 125-126
see also Procurement
sole-source contract awards, 5-6, 125, 127, 128, 132
vertical/horizontal market integration, 78, 103
see also Competition;
Foreign trade;
Global economy;
Prices and price supports;
Property rights;
Supply and demand
Mass media, 106
Monopolies, 18
electric power pricing, 25, 26, 27-28
N
National Agricultural Statistical Service, 10, 11, 44, 81, 89, 140 , 143
National Environmental Policy Act, 52
National Institutes of Health, 6, 117, 131-132
National Recovery Act, 43
National Research Initiative, 6, 132
National Science Foundation, 6, 21, 117, 131
Natural Resource Conservation Service, see Soil Conservation Service/National Resource Conservation Service
Natural resources, 3, 16, 54, 90
see also Environmental protection;
Forest Service
Nixon administration, 52-53, 55
North American Free Trade Agreement, 105, 107
Nutrition, 8, 73, 100, 105, 132
food safety, 8, 33, 47, 49, 62, 73, 90, 100, 101, 105
food stamps, 47, 49-50, 53, 55, 62, 63, 72
funding, 63
historical perspectives, 35, 47, 49-50, 53, 54, 55, 60, 62
see also Food supply
O
Office of Budget and Program Analysis, 108
Office of Chief Economist, 9, 10, 11, 88-89, 95, 143, 144, 145
Office of Farm Management and Farm Economics, 33-34, 36
Office of Management and Budget, 2, 67, 72-73, 74, 83, 108
Office of Personnel Management, 110-111, 113
Office of Program Analysis and Evaluation, 120
Organizational factors, 7, 9-11, 14, 15, 16, 77, 82-84, 87-89, 118 -119, 132-137, 141-146
culture of organization, 32, 82
evaluation framework, 106-107
historical perspectives, 32-34, 37-40, 45-46, 48-51, 56, 61-62
mission statements, 107
organizational charts, 39, 45, 76, 88-89
vertical/horizontal market integration, 78, 103
see also Administration and administrators;
Political factors
P
Patent Office, 22
Peer review, 7, 28, 111, 113, 123, 136, 137
Personnel, see Staffing and staff analysis
Political factors, 3, 7, 8, 9, 12, 72, 73, 82-83, 84, 86-87, 119, 136
GATT/WTO, 26
government intervention in markets, 20
historical perspectives, 32, 35-47 (passim), 51-53, 55, 60-64
long-term research, 81
timeliness of research, 1-2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 16, 30, 106, 107, 109, 121 -122, 123, 126, 133-134
Poverty, 101
historical perspective, 34, 35, 47, 49
see also Developing countries;
Food assistance programs;
Food stamps;
Welfare
Prices and price supports, 8, 18, 27, 71, 78, 79, 101, 102, 103, 119, 135, 141
auctions, 22-23, 26, 27-29, 112, 132
commodity price projections, 108-109
cooperatives, 37
equity issues, 21
ERS services, 4
historical perspectives, 33, 35, 36, 37, 40, 41, 43, 47, 51, 52-53, 55, 56, 58, 59, 132
see also Auctions;
Inflation;
Subsidies
Private sector, 4, 5, 15, 18, 25-26, 68, 79, 83, 85, 118, 119, 120 , 128-129, 145
government services overlap, 93-94
secondary data, 8, 83, 94, 119, 134-135, 140
see also Extramural research;
Procurement;
Property rights
Procurement, general, 4, 5-6, 7, 8, 123, 126-128, 130-132, 143, 144
Competition in Contracting Act, 5, 125
sole-source awards, 5-6, 125, 126, 127, 128, 132
Production indicators and controls, 8, 71-72, 79, 80, 119, 132-133
historical perspectives, 41, 43, 45, 53, 63, 71-72, 117
see also Crop data and estimates
Property rights, 1, 13, 20, 24, 25, 79
foreign ownership of U.S. farmland, 53, 61
Publications, 41, 73, 86, 95, 99, 104
staff of ERS, 104, 112, 113, 123
see also Secondary data preparation and analysis;
Situation and Outlook
R
Reagan administration, 56, 63, 65
Recession and depression, see Economic cycles
Regional factors, 47, 49, 55, 119, 133
substate, 14
Relevance of research, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 16, 27, 29, 30, 83, 106, 107, 109, 120, 122-123, 124, 130, 131, 133, 134, 136, 137 , 140, 143, 145, 146
historical perspectives, 51, 62, 63
Roosevelt administration, 37-38, 40, 42-43
Rural development, 21, 23(n.5), 80, 81, 90, 100-102, 105
historical perspectives, 37, 45, 47, 49, 50, 52, 61, 117
Rural Electrification Administration/Rural Utilities Service, 38
Rural Housing and Community Development Service, 38
S
Secondary data preparation and analysis, 2, 8, 81, 90, 95, 134-136, 139-141, 142
costs of, 128-129
evaluation issues, 94, 95, 107, 134-136
historical perspectives, 41, 46, 51, 55, 68
mission statements, 107
private sector, 8, 83, 94, 119, 134-135, 140
public good, information as, 20, 94
see also Situation and Outlook
Situation and Outlook, 2, 23, 55, 61, 77, 81, 95, 117, 121, 128, 134, 140
historical perspectives, 36, 46, 55, 61-62
Soil Conservation Service/Natural Resource Conservation Service, 37, 50-51, 53, 65, 66
Sole-source contract awards, 5-6, 125, 126, 127, 128, 132
Soviet Union, 51
Staffing and staff analysis, 6, 8-9, 16, 73-75, 84-86, 95, 96-98, 104, 117, 119, 120, 122, 134, 141-142, 143, 144-145
administrator's role in staff evaluation, 110-114
educational attainment, 65-66, 67, 85
education and training, 3, 65-66, 67, 123
evaluation of staff, 110-114
Forest Service, 72
historical perspectives, 2, 41, 42, 46, 56, 58, 64, 66
requests received, January, 1997, 96-97
salaries, 85
social scientists in ERS, by grade and job series, 98
standards, 110-114, 120, 123-124
task analysis and management, 56, 108, 111-112, 113, 114, 123
time factors, 2, 4, 9, 109, 112, 140
see also Administration and administrators
Standard of living, 23
data access, 84
Economists Position Classification System, 111, 113
international food standards harmonization, 101
management evaluation framework, 92, 101, 110-114
peer review, 7, 28, 111, 113, 123, 136, 137
research, 2, 4, 14, 29-30, 36, 61, 92, 101, 110-114, 120, 121, 123 -124
staff evaluation, 110-114, 120, 123-124
State-level actions, 31, 38, 133
Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, 10, 38, 47, 132, 143
Federal Crop Insurance Corporation, 38, 65
land grant colleges, 34, 38, 64, 65, 132
substate regions, 14
Statistical Reporting Service, 44, 56
Subsidies
services, 93
see also Prices and price supports
Supply and demand, 8, 27, 60, 101
demand modeling, 26
historical perspectives, 52, 53, 56, 58-59, 60, 62
see also Food supply
T
Tariffs, 3
Task analysis and management, 56, 108, 111-112, 113, 114, 123
ethanol exemption, 103
incentives, 23(n.5)
Technological innovation, 14, 23-24, 80, 102, 128
biotechnology, 20, 22, 77-78, 80
historical perspectives, 34, 65
Time factors
research timeliness, 1-2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 16, 30, 106, 107, 109, 121-122, 123, 126, 133-134
staff analysis, 2, 4, 9, 109, 112, 140
see also Long-term research
Trade, see Foreign trade Marketing and market forces
Training, see Education and training
GATT/WTO, 26, 31, 50, 52, 55, 59, 72, 100, 105, 107
Truman administration, 40
U
Universities, see Academic research; Educational attainment; Education and training
W
Welfare, 47, 90, 101-102, 117, 141
see also Food stamps
World Agricultural Outlook Board, 61, 95
World Trade Organization, see General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade/World Trade Organization
