NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.
This report has been reviewed by a group other than the authors according to procedures approved by a Report Review Committee consisting of members of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine.
The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts is president of the National Academy of Sciences.
The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Harold Liebowitz is president of the National Academy of Engineering.
The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Kenneth I. Shine is president of the Institute of Medicine.
The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy's purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts and Dr. Harold Liebowitz are chairman and vice chairman, respectively, of the National Research Council.
This project was supported by the Office of Population, U.S. Agency for International Development, the Andrew F. Mellon Foundation, and the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation.
Additional copies of this report are available from:
Committee on Population
National Research Council
2101 Constitution Avenue N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20418
Printed in the United States of America
Copyright 1995 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
COMMITTEE ON POPULATION 1994-1995
RONALD D. LEE (Chair),
Departments of Demography and Economics, University of California, Berkeley
CAROLINE H. BLEDSOE,
Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University
JOSE-LUIS BOBADILLA,
The World Bank, Washington, D.C.
JOHN BONGAARTS,
The Population Council, New York
JOHN B. CASTERLINE,
Department of Sociology, Brown University
KENNETH H. HILL,
Department of Population Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University
DEAN T. JAMISON,
Center for Pacific Rim Studies, University of California, Los Angeles
LINDA G. MARTIN,
RAND, Santa Monica, California
MARK R. MONTGOMERY,
The Population Council, New York
ROBERT A. MOFFITT,
Department of Economics, Brown University
ANNE R. PEBLEY,
RAND, Santa Monica, California
SAMUEL H. PRESTON,
Population Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania
RONALD R. RINDFUSS,
Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
JAMES SMITH,
RAND, Santa Monica, California
BETH J. SOLDO,
Department of Demography, Georgetown University
MARTA TIENDA,
Population Research Center, University of Chicago
AMY O. TSUI,
Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
JOHN G. HAAGA, Director
BARNEY COHEN, Research Associate
CHRISTINE COSTELLO, Program Officer
TRISH DeFRISCO, Senior Project Assistant
KAREN A. FOOTE, Research Associate
JOEL ROSENQUIST, Project Assistant
SUSAN L. SHUTTLEWORTH, Senior Project Assistant
JOYCE WALZ, Administrative Associate
MEETING PARTICIPANTS
MARTHA AINSWORTH,
The World Bank
JOHN AKIN,
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
STAN BERNSTEIN,
United Nations Population Fund
RODOLFO BULATAO,
The World Bank
CRAIG CARLSON,
U.S. Agency for International Development
CONSTANCE CARRINO,
U.S. Agency for International Development
SUSAN COCHRANE,
The World Bank
BARNEY COHEN,
Committee on Population
RICHARD CORNELIUS,
State Department, Bureau for Population, Refugees & Migration
PETER DONALDSON,
Population Reference Bureau
ROBERT EMREY,
U.S. Agency for International Development
PAUL GERTLER,
RAND
JOHN HAAGA,
Committee on Population
JODI JACOBSON,
Health and Development Policy Project
DEAN JAMISON,
University of California, Los Angeles
CAROLE JOLLY,
Committee on Population
JAMES KNOWLES,
Abt Associates
RUTH LEVINE,
The World Bank
CAROLYN MAKINSON,
The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation
THOMAS MERRICK,
The World Bank
FAITH MITCHELL,
State Department, Bureau for Population, Refugees & Migration
JOHN MOLYNEAUX,
RAND
MARK MONTGOMERY,
State University of New York, Stony Brook
NANCY MOSS,
The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation
BARBARA O'HANLON,
The Futures Group
GABRIEL OJEDA,
PROFAMILIA, Colombia
MICHAEL REICH,
Harvard University
JOHN ROSS,
The Futures Group
J.K. SATIA,
International Council on Management of Population Programmes
T. PAUL SCHULTZ,
Yale University
JAMES SHELTON,
U.S. Agency for International Development
SUSAN SHUTTLEWORTH,
Committee on Population
JAMES SHEPPERD,
U.S. Agency for International Development
JANET SMITH,
The Futures Group
RATNA TJAJA,
National Family Planning Coordinating Board (BKKBN), Government of Indonesia
BARBARA BOYLE TORREY,
Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education
JEFF TSAI,
Department of Health, Taiwan, R.O.C.
AMY TSUI,
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
TIM WILLIAMS,
International Planned Parenthood Federation