NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.
This report has been reviewed by a group other than the authors according to procedures approved by a Report Review Committee consisting of members of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine.
Support for this study was provided by the National Science Foundation (any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation).
Copies of this report are available from:
Committee on Earth Resources
Board on Earth Sciences and Resources
National Research Council
2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W.
HA-372
Washington, D.C. 20418
202-334-2744
COVER: The cover depicts a landscape typical of terrains that host a number of metallic ore deposits. The original art was done by Larry Jacox and has been reproduced courtesy of the Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology.
Copyright 1996 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America
COMMITTEE ON EARTH RESOURCES
CAREL OTTE, Jr., Chair, Independent Geologist,
LaCañada, California
PHILIP H. ABELSON,
American Association for the Advancement of Science, Washington, D.C.
SAMUEL S. ADAMS, Minerals Consultant,
Lincoln, New Hampshire
JOEL DARMSTADTER,
Resources for the Future, Washington, D.C.
RODERICK G. EGGERT,
Colorado School of Mines, Golden
MARCO T. EINAUDI,
Stanford University, California
NORMAN H. FOSTER, Independent Petroleum Geologist,
Denver, Colorado
CHARLES G. GROAT,
University of Texas, El Paso
PERRY R. HAGENSTEIN,
Resources Issues, Inc., Wayland, Massachusetts
DONALD C. HANEY,
University of Kentucky, Lexington
PHILIP E. LAMOREAUX,
P.E. LaMoreaux and Associates, Inc., Tuscaloosa, Alabama
SUSAN M. LANDON,
Thomasson Partner Associates, Denver, Colorado
JILL D. PASTERIS,
Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
JONATHAN G. PRICE,
Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology, Reno (Beginning March 1, 1995)
NOEL TYLER,
The University of Texas at Austin
W. FRANK WEST,
PACO Minerals, Inc., Dallas, Texas
National Research Council Staff
JONATHAN G. PRICE, Staff Director (Through February 1995)
CRAIG M. SCHIFFRIES, Staff Director (Beginning June 1995)
WILLIAM E. BENSON, Senior Program Officer
JUDITH L. ESTEP, Administrative Assistant
VERNA J. BOWEN, Administrative Assistant
BOARD ON EARTH SCIENCES AND RESOURCES
J. FREEMAN GILBERT, Chair,
University of California, San Diego
GAIL M. ASHLEY,
Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
THURE CERLING,
University of Utah, Salt Lake City
MARK P. CLOOS,
University of Texas at Austin
WILLIAM R. DICKINSON,
University of Arizona, Tucson
JOEL DARMSTADTER,
Resources for the Future, Washington, D.C.
MARCO T. EINAUDI,
Stanford University, California
NORMAN H. FOSTER, Independent Petroleum Geologist,
Denver, Colorado
CHARLES G. GROAT,
University of Texas, El Paso
DONALD C. HANEY,
University of Kentucky, Lexington
SUSAN M. KIDWELL,
University of Chicago, Illinois
PHILIP E. LAMOREAUX,
P.E. LaMoreaux and Associates, Inc., Tuscaloosa, Alabama
SUSAN M. LANDON,
Thomasson Partner Associates, Denver, Colorado
J. BERNARD MINSTER,
University of California, San Diego
ALEXANDRA NAVROTSKY,
Princeton University, New Jersey
JILL D. PASTERIS,
Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
EDWARD C. ROY, JR.,
Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas
National Research Council Staff
JONATHAN G. PRICE, Staff Director (Through February 1995)
CRAIG M. SCHIFFRIES, Staff Director (Beginning June 1995)
THOMAS M. USSELMAN, Associate Staff Director
INA B. ALTERMAN, Senior Program Officer
WILLIAM E. BENSON, Senior Program Officer
ANNE M. LINN, Senior Program Officer
CHARLES MEADE, Program Officer
LALLY A. ANDERSON, Staff Associate
VERNA J. BOWEN, Administrative Assistant
JENNIFER T. ESTEP, Administrative Assistant
JUDITH L. ESTEP, Administrative Assistant
COMMISSION ON GEOSCIENCES, ENVIRONMENT, AND RESOURCES
M. GORDON WOLMAN, Chair,
The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
PATRICK R. ATKINS,
Aluminum Company of America, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
JAMES P. BRUCE,
Canadian Climate Program Board, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
WILLIAM L. FISHER,
The University of Texas, Austin
GEORGE M. HORNBERGER,
University of Virginia, Charlottesville
DEBRA KNOPMAN,
Progressive Foundation, Washington, D.C.
PERRY L. McCARTY,
Stanford University, California
JUDITH E. McDOWELL,
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Massachusetts
S. GEORGE PHILANDER,
Princeton University, New Jersey
RAYMOND A. PRICE,
Queen’s University at Kingston, Ontario, Canada
THOMAS C. SCHELLING,
University of Maryland, College Park
ELLEN SILBERGELD,
University of Maryland Medical School, Baltimore
STEVEN M. STANLEY,
The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
VICTORIA J. TSCHINKEL,
Landers and Parsons, Tallahassee, Florida
National Research Council Staff
STEPHEN RATTIEN, Executive Director
STEPHEN D. PARKER, Associate Executive Director
MORGAN GOPNIK, Assistant Executive Director
GREGORY SYMMES, Reports Officer
JAMES MALLORY, Administrative Officer
SANDI FITZPATRICK, Administrative Associate
SUSAN SHERWIN, Project Assistant
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