NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.
The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Bruce Alberts is president of the National Academy of Sciences.
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The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Bruce Alberts and Dr. William A. Wulf are chairman and vice chairman, respectively, of the National Research Council.
This work was performed under Department of the Navy Contract N00014-99-I-0502 issued by the Office of Naval Research under contract authority NR 201-124. However, the content does not necessarily reflect the position or the policy of the Department of the Navy or the government, and no official endorsement should be inferred.
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COMMITTEE ON THE REVIEW OF ONR'S AIR AND SURFACE WEAPONRY PROGRAM
ALAN BERMAN,
Applied Research Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University,
Co-Chair
GEORGE S. SEBESTYEN,
Systems Development, LLC,
Co-Chair
EUGENE E. COVERT,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
JOSE B. CRUZ, JR.,
Ohio State University
VICTOR C.D. DAWSON,
Poolesville, Maryland
ROGER E. FISHER,
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
ELIEZER G. GAI,
Charles S. Draper Laboratory, Inc.
DANIEL N. HELD,
Northrop Grumman
BERNARD H. PAIEWONSKY,
Bethesda, Maryland
ROBERT F. STENGEL,
Princeton University
JOHN F. WALTER,
Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University
JAY B. YAKELEY,
Vienna, Virginia
Consultant
Sidney G. Reed, Jr.
Staff
Charles F. Draper, Program Officer
NAVAL STUDIES BOARD
VINCENT VITTO,
Charles S. Draper Laboratory, Inc.,
Chair
JOSEPH B. REAGAN,
Saratoga, California,
Vice Chair
DAVID R. HEEBNER,
McLean, Virginia,
Past Chair
ALBERT J. BACIOCCO, JR.,
The Baciocco Group, Inc.
ALAN BERMAN,
Applied Research Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University
NORMAN E. BETAQUE,
Logistics Management Institute
JAMES P. BROOKS,
Litton/Ingalls Shipbuilding, Inc.
NORVAL L. BROOME,
Mitre Corporation
GERALD A. CANN,
Rockville, Maryland
RUTH A. DAVID,
Analytic Services, Inc.
PAUL K. DAVIS,
Rand, and Rand Graduate School of Policy Studies
SEYMOUR J. DEITCHMAN,
Chevy Chase, Maryland,
Special Advisor
ANTHONY J. DeMARIA,
DeMaria ElectroOptics Systems, Inc.
FRANK A. HORRIGAN,
Raytheon Systems Company
RICHARD J. IVANETICH,
Institute for Defense Analyses
MIRIAM E. JOHN,
Sandia National Laboratories
DAVID W. McCALL,
Far Hills, New Jersey
ROBERT B. OAKLEY,
National Defense University
HARRISON SHULL,
Monterey, California
JAMES M. SINNETT,
Boeing Company
KEITH A. SMITH,
Vienna, Virginia
ROBERT C. SPINDEL,
Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington
DAVID L. STANFORD,
Science Applications International Corporation
PAUL K. VAN RIPER,
Williamsburg, Virginia
VERENA S. VOMASTIC,
Institute for Defense Analyses
BRUCE WALD,
Center for Naval Analyses
MITZI WERTHEIM,
Center for Naval Analyses
Navy Liaison Representatives
RADM Raymond C. Smith,
USN, Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, N81
RADM Paul G. Gaffney II,
USN, Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, N91
Ronald D. Taylor, Director
Charles F. Draper, Program Officer
Susan G. Campbell, Administrative Assistant
Mary G. Gordon, Information Officer
James E. Maciejewski, Senior Project Assistant
COMMISSION ON PHYSICAL SCIENCES, MATHEMATICS, AND APPLICATIONS
PETER M. BANKS,
ERIM International, Inc.,
Co-Chair
W. CARL LINEBERGER,
University of Colorado,
Co-Chair
WILLIAM BROWDER,
Princeton University
LAWRENCE D. BROWN,
University of Pennsylvania
MARSHALL H. COHEN,
California Institute of Technology
JOHN E. ESTES,
University of California at Santa Barbara
JERRY P. GOLLUB,
Haverford College
MARTHA P. HAYNES,
Cornell University
JOHN L. HENNESSY,
Stanford University
CAROL M. JANTZEN,
Westinghouse Savannah River Company
PAUL G. KAMINSKI,
Technovation, Inc.
KENNETH H. KELLER,
University of Minnesota
KENNETH I. KELLERMANN,
National Radio Astronomy Observatory
MARGARET G. KIVELSON,
University of California at Los Angeles
DANIEL KLEPPNER,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
JOHN KREICK,
Sanders, a Lockheed Martin Company (retired)
MARSHA I. LESTER,
University of Pennsylvania
M. ELISABETH PATÉ-CORNELL,
Stanford University
NICHOLAS P. SAMIOS,
Brookhaven National Laboratory
CHANG-LIN TIEN,
University of California at Berkeley
NORMAN METZGER, Executive Director (through July 1999)
MYRON F. UMAN, Acting Executive Director (as of August 1999)
Preface
The mission of the Office of Naval Research (ONR) is to maintain a close relationship with the research and development community to support long-range research, foster discovery, nurture future generations of researchers, produce new technologies that meet known naval requirements, and provide innovations in fields relevant to the future Navy and Marine Corps. Accordingly, ONR supports research activities across a broad range of scientific and engineering disciplines. As one means for ensuring that its investments appropriately address naval priorities and requirements and that its programs are of high scientific and technical quality, ONR requires that each of its departments undergo an annual review (with a detailed focus on about one-third of the reviewed department's programs). The Air and Surface Weapons Technology (ASWT) program resides within the Strike Technology Division of the Naval Expeditionary Warfare Science and Technology Department of ONR and accounts for approximately 25 percent of the department's budget.
At the request of ONR, the National Research Council (NRC) established a committee to review and evaluate ONR's ASWT program components in the mission areas of air superiority, precision strike, naval fire support, ship-based defense, and supporting science and technology, including uninhabited combat air vehicles, against criteria such as appropriateness of the investment strategy within the context of naval priorities and requirements, impact on and relevance to naval needs, and scientific and technical quality. In the selection of committee members, expertise was drawn heavily from the following areas: guidance and control, fire control, aeromechanics, solid and air-breathing propulsion, naval gun systems and launchers, and uninhabited combat air vehicles. The Committee on the Review of ONR's Air and Surface Weaponry Program met once, May 26–28, 1999, in Washington, D.C., to both gather information and prepare an initial draft report. The three-day meeting was divided into two parts: the first comprised presentations by and interactions with project managers (and ONR-supported principal investigators) responsible for various program components, and the second was devoted to drafting the committee's findings and recommendations and developing consensus on them.
The resulting report represents the committee's consensus views on the issues posed in the charge.
Acknowledgment of Reviewers
This report has been reviewed by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the National Research Council's (NRC's) Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the authors and the NRC in making the published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The contents of the review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process. We wish to thank the following individuals for their participation in the review of this report:
Roy R. Buehler, Lockheed Martin,
James W. Dally, University of Maryland,
Earl H. Dowell, Duke University,
L. Raymond Hettche, Applied Research Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University,
Edwin L. Key, Mitre Corporation (retired),
William M. Locke, RADM, USN (retired), and
Jeffrey Wadsworth, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.
Although the individuals listed above provided many constructive comments and suggestions, responsibility for the final content of this report rests solely with the authoring committee and the NRC.