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Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 2000. Extending Medicare Coverage for Preventive and Other Services. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9740.
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Index

AAD. See American Academy of Dermatology (AAD)

ACPM. See American College of Preventive Medicine (ACPM)

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome/ human immunodeficiency virus (AIDS/HIV), 90, 96, 113, 250

See also Infectious agents

ACS. See American Cancer Society (ACS)

Actinic keratoses (AK), 190, 201

Actuarial Research Corporation, 338, 340

ADA. See American Dental Association (ADA)

Africa

Burkitt’s lymphoma in, 250

Age and aging

melanoma incidence/mortality and, 173–174

nonmelanoma skin cancer and, 176

population aged 65 and older, 228–231

preventive services for, U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendations, 130

preventive services for, U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendations/Medicare coverage comparison, 9, 128–131

skin cancer and, 172, 173

teeth (natural), population 65 and older retaining, 228–231

transplant recipients aged 65 and older, statistics, 258

See also Population

Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR), 6, 20, 95, 98, 131, 132, 135.

See also Evidence-Based Practice Centers (EPCs)

AHA. See American Heart Association (AHA)

AIDS/HIV. See Acquired immune deficiency syndrome/human immunodeficiency virus (AIDS/HIV)

AK. See Actinic keratoses (AK)

Alabama. See University of Alabama

Albuquerque, New Mexico basal cell cancer incidence, 176

Allograft. See Organ transplantation

American Academy of Dermatology (AAD), 38, 210

Melanoma/Skin Cancer Screening Programs, 203

skin cancer screening recommendations, 57

American Cancer Society (ACS), 38, 234

Department of Epidemiology and Surveillance Research, 233

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 2000. Extending Medicare Coverage for Preventive and Other Services. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9740.
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skin cancer screening recommendations, 58, 178

American College of Physicians

Clinical Efficacy Assessment Program, 32

Common Diagnostic Tests: Use and Interpretation, 32

Common Screening Tests, 32

American College of Preventive Medicine (ACPM)

skin cancer screening recommendation, 58, 178

American Dental Association (ADA)

dental services, medically necessary, statement on, 89

House of Delegates, 89, 223

American Heart Association (AHA), 83–84

Council on Scientific Affairs, 89

dental services, medically necessary, recommendations on, 89–90

American Joint Commission on Cancer Classification, 177

American Society of Transplant Physicians (ASTP). See American Society of Transplantation (AST)

American Society of Transplantation (AST)

Decade of Transplantation, 123

dental services, medically necessary, statement on, 90

immunosuppressive drugs for transplant patients, statement on, 123

Annals of Internal Medicine, 89

Antibodies

immunosuppression therapy for transplant patients, 290

See also Immunosuppressive drugs

Antiproliferative agents

transplant patients’ use of, 290–291

See also Immunosuppressive drugs

AST. See American Society of Transplantation (AST)

ASTP. See American Society of Transplantation (AST)

Australia

Geraldton, Western Australia, skin cancer incidence, 175–176

immunosuppression maintenance trials, 291

Queensland, skin cancer incidence, 173, 175

skin cancer incidence, 60–61, 174, 175–176

skin cancer screening, 3, 52, 60, 189–190, 201, 203, 204–205

skin cancer screening, public information campaigns, 207

Azathioprine, 290–291

AZT. See Zidovudine (AZT)

Balanced Budget Act of 1997, 1, 13–14, 15, 18, 65, 66, 67, 118, 127, 222, 329

Balanced Budget Act Refinements of 1999, 2, 100

Basal cell carcinoma. See Nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSC)

Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), 231

Bethesda, Maryland, 235

Bias

lead-time bias in skin cancer screening, 53

length bias in skin cancer screening and, 53

Blood poisoning. See Septicemia

Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association, 32

Technical Evaluation Center, 21

Bone cell death. See Osteoradionecrosis (ORN)

Bone marrow transplantation (BMT), 250, 254

oral complications of, leukemia patients, 252

oral mucositis from, leukemia patients, potentially effective treatments, 257

See also Organ transplantation

Breslow measurement technique

melanoma and, 177

BRFSS. See Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS)

British Columbia. See Canada

Burden of disease, 25

head/neck cancer, 69–71, 91

heart valve repair/replacement, 83–85, 94

immunosuppressive drugs for transplant patients, drug noncompliance, 124

leukemia, 75–76, 92, 249

lymphoma, 76–77, 93, 250–251

melanoma, 43–44, 173–174

nonmelanoma skin cancers, 44–45, 175–176

skin cancer, 43–45, 173–176

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 2000. Extending Medicare Coverage for Preventive and Other Services. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9740.
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transplantation, 80, 93–94, 104–108, 124

See also Diseases and disorders

Calcijex®, 296

Calcineurin phosphatase inhibitors

transplant patients’ use of, 292–293

See also Immunosuppressive drugs

California. See University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA)

CAN. See Chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN)

Canada

British Columbia, basal cell cancer incidence, 175

British Columbia, melanoma incidence, 191

cancer registries, 175

community-based screening programs, 137

immunosuppression maintenance trials, 291

renal transplantation analysis, 110

Toronto, osteoradionecrosis in hospital patients, 245

Canadian Task Force on the Periodic Health Examination (CTFPHE), 31, 33

Canady, Charles, 322

Cancer. See Head and neck cancer;

Leukemia;

Lymphoma;

Melanoma;

Nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSC);

Skin cancer;

Skin cancer screening;

Tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) system

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), 129, 130

Cardiovascular diseases and disorders. See Endocarditis;

Valvular heart disease

Carrier Advisory Committees, 21

Case-control studies

melanoma mortality, skin self-examination effects on, 206–207

CBO. See Congressional Budget Office (CBO)

CDC. See Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

CE. See Cost-effectiveness (CE) analysis

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 90

Chapel Hill, North Carolina. See Research Triangle Institute/University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (RTI-UNC)

Chemotherapy, 76, 77

dental pretreatment, septicemia reduction role for leukemia/lymphoma patients, 255–256

oral complications of, leukemia/lymphoma patients, 78, 251–252

oral mucositis from, leukemia/lymphoma patients, potentially effective treatments, 257

See also Medical tests and procedures

Chicago, Illinois. See University of Chicago Hospitals

Chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN), 299, 301

Committee on Medicare Coverage Extensions

analytic strategy of, 29–33

criteria and trade-offs, 27–29

dental services, medically necessary, Medicare coverage extension, assessment approach, 66–69

dental services, medically necessary, Medicare coverage extension, conclusions, 5–7, 96–98

dental services, medically necessary, Medicare coverage extension, cost estimates, 6, 85–88

dental services, medically necessary, Medicare coverage extension, findings, 91–95

dental services, medically necessary, research directions, 95–96

evidence/conclusions, linking of, 29, 32–33

health outcomes v. Medicare extension costs, considerations, 29, 35–37

immunosuppressive drugs for transplant patients, assessment approach, 102, 104

immunosuppressive drugs for transplant patients, benefits/harms, findings, 124

immunosuppressive drugs for transplant patients, drug noncompliance, findings, 124

immunosuppressive drugs for transplant patients, Medicare limit elimination, benefits/harms, findings, 125

immunosuppressive drugs for transplant patients, Medicare limit elimination, conclusions, 7–8, 126

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 2000. Extending Medicare Coverage for Preventive and Other Services. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9740.
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immunosuppressive drugs for transplant patients, Medicare limit elimination, cost estimates, 8, 118–123

immunosuppressive drugs for transplant patients, Medicare limit elimination, noncompliance effects, findings, 124–125

immunosuppressive drugs for transplant patients, research directions, 125–126

immunosuppressive drugs for transplant patients, treatment effectiveness, findings, 124

intervention definition, 29, 30–31, 67

Medicare coverage extensions, costs estimation, xi, 29, 33–37, 329

methods, 25, 26–37

objectives, 26–29

outcomes definition, 29, 30–31, 67–68

population definition, 29, 30–31, 67

principles for reaching conclusions, 25, 26–29

scientific literature identification/assessment, 29, 31–32

skin cancer screening, Medicare coverage extension, assessment approach, 25, 40–43

skin cancer screening, Medicare coverage extension, assessment criteria, 59–60

skin cancer screening, Medicare coverage extension, conclusions, 3–4, 62

skin cancer screening, Medicare coverage extension, cost estimates, 4, 25, 53–57

skin cancer screening, Medicare coverage extension, findings, 58–61

transplantation, burden of disease, findings, 124

See also Medicare

Conclusions and findings

dental services, medically necessary, Medicare coverage of, 5–7, 96–98

evidence link with, 27, 29, 32–33

guidelines definition, 33

immunosuppressive drugs for transplant patients, Medicare limit elimination, 7–8, 126

options definition, 33

skin cancer screening, Medicare coverage of, 3–4, 62

standards definition, 33

Congress, xii, 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, 26, 30, 34, 35, 39, 53, 55, 65, 66, 67, 86, 98, 100, 101, 102, 118, 123, 127–128, 130, 131, 132, 134, 135, 139, 310, 314, 320, 321, 322, 329, 349

Medicare creation, xi, 13–17

Medicare decisionmaking role, 8–11, 18–19

See also Legislation;

Office of Technology Assessment (OTA);

Senate Finance Committee

Congressional Budget Office (CBO), 2, 34, 53, 55, 56, 86, 88, 118, 122, 319, 322, 330, 331, 338, 351

See also Congress

Connecticut

Tumor Registry, 206

See also New Haven, Connecticut

Consumer Price Index (CPI), 86, 87, 340

Contractors, private

Carrier Advisory Committees, 21

Medicare administrative contractors, decisionmaking role of, 8, 18, 21–22

Peer Review Organizations, 21

Corticosteroids

transplant patients’ use of, 292

See also Immunosuppressive drugs

Cost-effectiveness (CE) analysis, 29, 34, 36, 37, 129, 131–135, 209–210

Costs. See Health care costs

CPI. See Consumer Price Index (CPI)

CPR. See Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

“Crowd out” definition of, 118

CTFPHE. See Canadian Task Force on the Periodic Health Examination (CTFPHE)

Cyclosporine A (CyA), 114, 262, 292–293, 301, 312–313

Cytomegalovirus (CMV). See Infectious agents

Dade County, Florida

skin examinations, survey of physicians, 55

DALYs. See Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs)

Databases. See MEDLINE

DCP. See Dental care program (DCP)

Deaths. See Mortality

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 2000. Extending Medicare Coverage for Preventive and Other Services. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9740.
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Decayed, missing and filled tooth surfaces (DMFS), 240.

See also Oral health

Denmark

cancer registries, 175

Dental care program (DCP), 239–240.

See also Dental services, medically necessary;

Oral health

Dental services

chemotherapy pretreatment, septicemia reduction role for leukemia/lymphoma patients, 76, 78, 79, 92, 93, 97, 255–256

head/neck cancer patients and osteoradionecrosis, role of hyperbaric oxygen therapy, 75, 90, 244–245

head/neck cancer patients and osteoradionecrosis of jaws, treatment required, 72, 74, 75, 91, 97, 245–246

head/neck cancer patients, preservation influence on osteoradionecrosis incidence in, 241, 243–244, 248

head/neck cancer patients, pretreatment approaches, efficacy of, 239–240

head/neck cancer patients, pretreatment assessment, 237–238

head/neck cancer patients, preventive treatment needs, 238

Medicare current coverage, 5, 63–65, 68, 224–228, 230

oral mucositis from chemotherapy/bone marrow transplantation, potentially effective treatments, 257

See also Dental care program (DCP);

Oral health

Dental services, medically necessary analytic approach, 86, 96–97, 98, 233

benefits/harms of intervention, 25

burden of illness, 25

Committee on Medicare Coverage Extensions, objectives, 26–27

decision analytic framework for, 232–233

decision framework for, 231–232

definition of, 65–66, 223–224

head/neck cancer patients, benefits/ harms of, 92, 246–247

head/neck cancer patients in radiation, care for, 73

head/neck cancer patients, literature review, observations on, 235

head/neck cancer patients, Medicare coverage extension, 234, 247

head/neck cancer patients, Medicare coverage extension, cost estimates, 340

head/neck cancer patients, Medicare coverage extension, cost estimates, statistics, 341, 343

head/neck cancer patients, Medicare coverage extension, costs, methodology, 340

head/neck cancer patients, Medicare coverage extension, methods, 234–235

head/neck cancer patients, Medicare current coverage, 68, 230

head/neck cancer patients, outcome effects of, 74–75, 92, 246–247

head/neck cancer patients, treatment oral complications, 225, 234

heart repair/replacement patients, 269, 271

heart repair/replacement patients, benefits/harms, committee findings, 95

heart repair/replacement patients, care for, 84–85

heart repair/replacement patients, Medicare coverage extension, cost estimates, 345

heart repair/replacement patients, Medicare coverage extension, cost estimates, statistics, 348

heart repair/replacement patients, Medicare coverage extension, costs, methodology, 347

heart repair/replacement patients, Medicare current coverage, 68, 230

heart repair/replacement patients, outcome effects of, 85, 94–95

heart repair/replacement patients, treatment oral complications, 225

leukemia/lymphoma patients, Medicare coverage extension, cost estimates, 342

leukemia/lymphoma patients, Medicare coverage extension, cost estimates, statistics, 344

leukemia/lymphoma patients, Medicare coverage extension, costs, methodology, 342, 345

leukemia patients, benefits/harms of, committee findings, 92–93

leukemia patients, care for, 78–80, 247, 248–249

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 2000. Extending Medicare Coverage for Preventive and Other Services. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9740.
×

leukemia patients, Medicare current coverage, 68, 230

leukemia patients, outcome effects of, 79–80, 92

leukemia patients, treatment oral complications, 226

lymphoma patients, benefits/harms of, committee findings, 93

lymphoma patients, care for, 78–79, 247, 250

lymphoma patients, Medicare current coverage, 68, 230

lymphoma patients, outcome effects of, 79–80, 93

lymphoma patients, treatment oral complications, 226

medical conditions considered for, 224, 226

Medicare coverage extension, xi, 4–5, 14, 268

Medicare coverage extension, and access to/use of, 22, 23

Medicare coverage extension, committee assessment approach, 66–69

Medicare coverage extension, committee conclusions, 5–7, 96–98

Medicare coverage extension, committee findings on, 91–95

Medicare coverage extension, cost estimates, 6, 25, 85–88, 336, 338, 340, 342, 345

Medicare coverage extension, cost estimates, statistics, 339, 341, 343, 344, 346, 348

Medicare coverage extension, costs, methodology, 340, 342, 345, 347

Medicare coverage extension, rationales, 22

Medicare coverage extension, research suggestions, 95–96

Medicare current coverage, 5, 63–65, 68, 224–228, 230

overview of, 222–233

statements of others on, 89–91

transplant patients, benefits/harms of, 94, 267

transplant patients, care after, 82, 265–266

transplant patients, care before, 82, 263–264

transplant patients, medically necessary services, 264

transplant patients, Medicare coverage extension, 85–88, 97–98, 257–259, 268

transplant patients, Medicare coverage extension, cost estimates, 85–88, 345

transplant patients, Medicare coverage extension, cost estimates, statistics, 346

transplant patients, Medicare coverage extension, costs, methodology, 345

transplant patients, Medicare current coverage, 68, 230, 266

transplant patients, oral infection and, 65, 78, 79, 80–81, 82, 94, 260–262

transplant patients, outcome effects of, 82–83, 94

transplant patients, review methods, 260

transplant patients, treatment of oral complications, 65, 66, 67, 69, 79, 225

See also Dental care program (DCP);

Dental services;

Oral health

Dentists and dentistry. See Dental care program (DCP);

Dental services;

Dental services, medically necessary;

Oral health

Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), 1, 9, 12, 13–14, 19, 129, 131, 134, 222

“Put Prevention into Practice” initiative, 137

See also Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA)

DeWine, Mike, 322

DHHS. See Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS)

Diagnosis-related groups (DRGs), 270, 347;

see also Medicare

Dialysis, 100–101, 104, 110, 124, 126

costs to Medicare of, 116, 119, 121, 122, 296–297

mortality compared to transplant patients, 298

See also Medical tests and procedures

Digital rectal examination (DRE), 128

Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), 36

Diseases and disorders

dental services, medically necessary, clinical conditions considered for, 224

See also Acquired immune deficiency syndrome/human immunodeficiency virus (AIDS/HIV);

Actinic keratoses

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 2000. Extending Medicare Coverage for Preventive and Other Services. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9740.
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(AK);

Burden of disease;

Endocarditis;

End-stage renal disease (ESRD);

Epidemiology;

Head and neck cancer;

Infectious agents;

Leukemia;

Lymphoma;

Melanoma;

Nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSC);

Osteoradionecrosis (ORN);

Septicemia;

Skin cancer;

Valvular heart disease

DMFS. See Decayed, missing and filled tooth surfaces (DMFS)

DRE. See Digital rectal examination (DRE)

DRGs. See Diagnosis-related groups (DRGs)

Drugs See Antibodies;

Antiproliferative agents;

Calcineurin phosphatase inhibitors;

Chemotherapy;

Corticosteroids;

Immunosuppressive drugs

ECRI. See Emergency Care Research Institute (ECRI)

Eggers, Paul, 122, 314, 319, 354, 356, 359, 360

Elwood, J.M., 204

Emergency Care Research Institute (ECRI), 21

Endocarditis, 83–85, 89–90, 94, 95, 97

dental-associated, proposed causal model, 84, 85, 95, 269

nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis (NBTE), 269

See also Diseases and disorders

End-stage renal disease (ESRD), 8, 12, 13, 15, 17, 67, 80, 100, 101, 107, 112, 113, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 126, 138, 287, 349, 352

dialysis costs for, 297–298

immunosuppressive therapy costs for, 297–298

medical expenditures for, statistics, 122

mortality among dialysis v. transplant patients, 298

therapy costs for, 296–298

transplantation and, Medicare coverage potential modifications, 100–101, 119, 121, 320–324

transplantation and, Medicare current policies’ impact on beneficiaries, 99–101, 102, 103, 111, 121, 122, 315, 317–318, 319, 320

transplantation and, Medicare 1972 policy, 310–311

transplantation and, Medicare 1978 policy, 311–312

transplantation and, Medicare 1984–1986 policy, 312–313

transplantation and, Medicare 1994 policy, 314–315

transplantation costs for, 296–298

See also Diseases and disorders

EORTC. See European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC)

EPCs. See Evidence-Based Practice Centers (EPCs)

Epidemiology

melanoma, 173–175

nonmelanoma skin cancers, 175–176

skin cancer, 173–176

See also Burden of disease;

Diseases and disorders

Erythropoietin (rHuEPO), 296, 297

ESRD. See End-stage renal disease (ESRD)

Ethnicity

nonmelanoma skin cancer risk factors, 190

See also Population

Europe

immunosuppression therapy, 291, 292

skin cancer risk factors, 45

European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC)

Quality of Life Questionnaire QLQ-C30, 246

Evidence-based assessment

Medicare coverage and, limits of, 2, 12, 138–139

Medicare decisionmaking and, 20, 132–133, 136

preventive services, Medicare coverage of, overview of, 9–10, 127–131, 136

Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group, 29

Evidence-Based Practice Centers (EPCs), 21, 40, 95

definition/duties of, 20

See also Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR)


FDA. See Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

Federal Register, 20, 131, 331

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 2000. Extending Medicare Coverage for Preventive and Other Services. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9740.
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Federation of Special Care Organizations in Dentistry, 338

Finance Committee. See Senate Finance Committee

Findings

dental services, medically necessary, 91–95

head/neck cancer patients, dental care, benefits/harms, 92

head/neck cancer patients, dental care, burden of disease, 91

head/neck cancer patients, dental care, outcome effects, 91

heart valve repair/replacement patients, dental care, benefits/harms, 95

heart valve repair/replacement patients, dental care, burden of disease, 94

heart valve repair/replacement patients, dental care, outcome effects, 94–95

immunosuppressive drugs for transplant patients, benefits/harms, 124

immunosuppressive drugs for transplant patients, burden from noncompliance, 124

immunosuppressive drugs for transplant patients, Medicare limit elimination, 126

immunosuppressive drugs for transplant patients, Medicare limit elimination benefits/harms, 125

immunosuppressive drugs for transplant patients, Medicare limit elimination noncompliance effects, 124–125

immunosuppressive drugs for transplant patients, treatment effectiveness, 124

leukemia patients, dental care, benefits/harms, 92–93

leukemia patients, dental care, burden of disease, 92

leukemia patients, dental care, outcome effects, 92

lymphoma patients, dental care, benefits/harms, 93

lymphoma patients, dental care, burden of disease, 93

lymphoma patients, dental care, outcome effects, 93

skin cancer screening, Medicare coverage extension, 58–59

transplant patients, dental care, benefits/harms, 94

transplant patients, dental care, burden of disease, 93–94

transplant patients, dental care, outcome effects, 94

transplantation, burden of disease, 124

Florida, 322.

See also Dade County, Florida;

University of Miami

Food and Drug Administration (FDA), 20, 109, 290, 291, 293, 294, 295, 312–313

France

skin cancer early detection, benefits, 52

Friends of the NIDCR, 90.

See also National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR)

George Mason University, 117, 125–126

Germany

oral cancer patients, dental findings, 238

Graft, medical. See Organ transplantation

Great Britain. See United Kingdom

Guide to Clinical Preventive Services, Second Edition, 182, 191.

See also U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF)


Hartke, Vance, 311

HBO. See Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy

HCFA. See Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA)

Head and neck cancer

burden of disease, 69–71, 91, 233–234

dental care for patients, benefits/harms, findings, 92

dental care for patients, findings, 91–92

dental care for patients, literature review, observations on, 235

dental care for patients, Medicare coverage extension, 5, 67, 234, 247

dental care for patients, Medicare coverage extension, conclusions, 97

dental care for patients, Medicare coverage extension, cost estimates, 86, 87, 340

dental care for patients, Medicare coverage extension, cost estimates, statistics, 341, 343

dental care for patients, Medicare coverage extension, costs, methodology, 340

dental care for patients, Medicare coverage extension, methods, 234–235

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 2000. Extending Medicare Coverage for Preventive and Other Services. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9740.
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dental care for patients, Medicare current coverage, 68, 230

dental care for radiation therapy patients, 73

dental care for radiation therapy patients, Medicare cost savings, 342, 343

dental disease prevalence in, 73, 88, 91, 92, 238

dental preservation influence on osteoradionecrosis incidence in, 241, 243–244, 248

dental pretreatment approaches, efficacy of, 239–240

dental pretreatment assessment, 237–238

dental preventive treatment needs of, 238

oral complications associated with radiation, 72, 225, 234, 235–237

oral complications associated with radiation, quality of life impact, 246

osteoradionecrosis from postradiation extractions, role of hyperbaric oxygen therapy, 75, 90, 244–245

osteoradionecrosis incidence in, 241, 242

osteoradionecrosis of jaws, treatment required, 73–74, 90, 245–246

outcome, dental care effectiveness for, 74–75, 92

radiation therapy, 71–72, 73

See also Diseases and disorders

Health. See Burden of disease;

Diseases and disorders;

Health care;

Health care costs;

Health care policy;

Health insurance;

Health maintenance organizations (HMOs);

Health outcomes;

Medical tests and procedures;

Oral health;

Preventive health care

Health and Human Services Department. See Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS)

Health care

access to, Medicare coverage and, 22–24

clinical trial patients, routine care coverage under Medicare, 14

insurance and use of, 23–24

See also Dental services;

Dental services, medically necessary;

Health care costs;

Health care policy;

Health insurance;

Health outcomes;

Medical tests and procedures;

Organ transplantation;

Oral health;

Preventive health care;

Surgery

Health care costs

Committee on Medicare Coverage Extensions, estimation of, 27, 29, 33–37, 329

Committee on Medicare Coverage Extensions, health outcomes v. costs, considerations, 29, 35–37

dental services, medically necessary, Medicare coverage extension, 6, 85–88, 336, 338, 340, 342, 345

dental services, medically necessary, Medicare coverage extension, methodology, 85–88, 340, 342, 345, 347

dental services, medically necessary, Medicare coverage extension, statistics, 85–88, 339, 341, 343, 344, 346, 348

dialysis, costs of, 296–297

end-stage renal disease, expenditures, statistics, 122

end-stage renal disease therapy, costs of, 296–298

head/neck cancer patients, dental care for, Medicare coverage extension, 85–88, 340

head/neck cancer patients, dental care for, Medicare coverage extension, methodology, 85–88, 340

head/neck cancer patients, dental care for, Medicare coverage extension, statistics, 85–88, 341, 343

heart repair/replacement, dental care for, Medicare coverage extension, 85–88, 345

heart repair/replacement, dental care for, Medicare coverage extension, methodology, 85–88, 347

heart repair/replacement, dental care for, Medicare coverage extension, statistics, 85–88, 348

immunosuppressive drugs, cost of, 113, 118–123, 295, 297–298

immunosuppressive drugs, Medicare/alternative funding, expiration of, 113–114

immunosuppressive drugs for transplant patients, Medicare limit elimination, estimates, 8, 118–123, 347, 349–362

immunosuppressive drugs for transplant patients, Medicare limit elimination, methodology, 354, 356, 359–360

immunosuppressive drugs for transplant patients, Medicare limit elimination,

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 2000. Extending Medicare Coverage for Preventive and Other Services. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9740.
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statistics, 119, 121, 122–123, 350, 353, 355, 358, 362

insurance and use of health care services, 23–24

leukemia/lymphoma patients, dental care for, Medicare coverage extension, 2

leukemia/lymphoma patients, dental care for, Medicare coverage extension, statistics, 85–88, 344

leukemia/lymphoma patients, dental care for, Medicare coverage extension, methodology, 85–88, 342, 345

Medicare coverage extensions, cost/cost-effectiveness analysis role, 134–136, 139

Medicare coverage extensions, cost estimates, xi, 25, 53–57, 85–88, 118–123, 329–330

Medicare expenditure trends, 17–18

melanoma, screening for, cost-effectiveness studies, results, 207, 208

renal graft loss, Medicare costs of, statistics, 357, 361

skin cancer screening, Medicare coverage extension, 4, 53–57, 330–336, 337

skin cancer screening, Medicare coverage extension, methodology, 53–57, 331, 333, 336

skin cancer screening, Medicare coverage extension, statistics, 53–57, 332, 334, 335, 337

transplantation, costs of, 118–123, 296–298

transplantation, dental care for, Medicare coverage extension, 85–88, 345

transplantation, dental care for, Medicare coverage extension, methodology, 85–88, 345

transplantation, dental care for, Medicare coverage extension, statistics, 346

transplantation, Medicare current policies impact on beneficiaries, 315, 317–318, 319, 320

See also Health care;

Health care policy;

Health insurance;

Oral health;

Preventive health care

Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA), 5, 6, 17, 34, 35, 63, 67, 73, 75, 82, 88, 97, 98, 118, 131, 132, 134, 135, 314, 356

Carriers Manual, 64, 65

Coverage Issues Manual, 64

Division of Beneficiaries Research, 120, 354, 359

Medicare decisionmaking role of, 8, 10, 11, 18, 19–21, 22

Medicare Provider Analysis and Review (MEDPAR), 270

Office of the Actuary, 55, 120, 330, 333, 338

Technology Advisory Committee, 64

See also Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS);

Medicare Coverage Advisory Committee

Health care policy

congressional decisions for Medicare, 18–19, 127–128, 130, 131, 134, 135, 139

Health Care Financing Administration, decisions for Medicare, 18, 19–21, 131, 132–133, 134, 135

immunosuppressive drugs for transplant patients, Medicare current coverage, 103, 138, 139

Medicare transplantation current policies, impact on beneficiaries, 138, 315, 317–318, 319, 320

Medicare transplantation 1972 policy, 310–311

Medicare transplantation 1978 policy, 311–312

Medicare transplantation 1984–1986 policy, 312–313

Medicare transplantation 1994 policy, 314–315, 317–318

private contractors administering claims for Medicare, 18, 21–22

See also Health care;

Health care costs;

Health insurance;

Oral health;

Preventive health care

Health Care Policy and Research Agency. See Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR)

Health insurance

health care services use and, 23–24

“Medigap” policy, 17

See also Health care;

Health care costs;

Medicaid;

Medicare

Health maintenance organizations (HMOs), 17, 21, 52–53, 137, 138, 319

Health outcomes

dental services, medically necessary, committee assessment, 67–68

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 2000. Extending Medicare Coverage for Preventive and Other Services. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9740.
×

head/neck cancer patients, dental care effects on, 74–75, 92

heart valve repair/replacement, dental care effects on, 84–85, 94–95

leukemia patients, dental care effects on, 79–80, 92

lymphoma patients, dental care effects on, 79–80, 93

Medicare coverage and, 27, 29, 30–31

Medicare coverage and, cost considerations, 35–37

Medicare coverage and health care access/use, impact on, 22–24

Medicare coverage and, limits of, 2, 12, 136–138

melanoma morbidity/mortality, treatment effectiveness, 205–209

nonmelanoma morbidity/mortality, treatment effectiveness, 205

skin cancer morbidity/mortality, early treatment effectiveness for, 205–209, 211

skin cancer morbidity/mortality, screening effects on, 202–203, 210

skin cancer screening and, effectiveness, 60, 179, 180, 181

transplant patients, dental care effects on, 82–83, 94

transplant patients, immunosuppressive drugs for, effectiveness, 124

transplant patients, immunosuppressive drugs for, Medicare coverage effects on, 114–118, 125

Health-related quality of life (HRQL), 246

Heart disease. See Endocarditis;

Valvular heart disease

Heart valve repair/replacement. See Surgery;

Valvular heart disease

Herpes simplex virus (HSV). See Infectious agents

HIV. See Acquired immune deficiency syndrome/human immunodeficiency virus (AIDS/HIV)

HLA. See Human lymphocyte antigen (HLA)

HMOs. See Health maintenance organizations (HMOs)

Hodgkin’s disease. See Lymphoma

Hospitals and hospitalization

heart repair/replacement patients, Medicare discharges, 271

heart repair/replacement patients, Medicare inpatient days, 270, 272

HRQL. See Health-related quality of life (HRQL)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). See Acquired immune deficiency syndrome/human immunodeficiency virus (AIDS/HIV)

Human lymphocyte antigen (HLA), 289, 299

Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy, 75, 90, 342

osteoradionecrosis from postradiation extractions in head/neck cancer patients, role of, 244–245

osteoradionecrosis of jaws in head/neck cancer patients, treatment required, 245–246

Immunology

transplantation and, overview, 289–290

See also Diseases and disorders;

Immunosuppressive drugs

Immunosuppression

adequate for transplant patients, provision of, 300–301

excessive for transplant patients, avoiding, 302

transplantation and, acute rejection, 106, 107

transplantation and, chronic rejection, 106, 107

transplantation and, need for, 105–106

transplantation and, oral complications, 262

See also Diseases and disorders;

Immunology

Immunosuppressive drugs

Committee on Medicare Coverage Extensions, objectives, 27

costs of, 113

prednisone, 297

transplant patients and, benefits/harms, findings, 124

transplant patients and, costs of, 295, 297–298

transplant patients and, current uses/ future trends, 295–296

transplant patients and, drug compliance/noncompliance, issues, 111–113

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 2000. Extending Medicare Coverage for Preventive and Other Services. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9740.
×

transplant patients and, drug noncompliance, findings, 124

transplant patients and, Medicare/alternative funding, expiration of, 113–114

transplant patients and, Medicare coverage evolution, 100–102, 103, 287

transplant patients and, Medicare coverage benefits/harms, 104, 125

transplant patients and, Medicare coverage effects on health outcome, 114–118, 125

transplant patients and, Medicare coverage effects on noncompliance, findings, 124–125

transplant patients and, Medicare coverage potential modifications, 320–324

transplant patients and, Medicare current coverage policy, 103

transplant patients and, Medicare current policies impact on beneficiaries, 315, 317–318, 319, 320

transplant patients and, Medicare 1972 policy, 310–311

transplant patients and, Medicare 1978 policy, 311–312

transplant patients and, Medicare 1984–1986 policy, 312–313

transplant patients and, Medicare 1994 policy, 314–315, 317–318

transplant patients and, Medicare limit elimination, xi, 14

transplant patients and, Medicare limit elimination, access to/use of, 22, 23

transplant patients and, Medicare limit elimination, assessment approach, 102, 104

transplant patients and, Medicare limit elimination, conclusions, 126

transplant patients and, Medicare limit elimination, cost estimates, 25, 118–123, 347, 349–362

transplant patients and, Medicare limit elimination, cost estimates, statistics, 350, 353, 355, 358, 362

transplant patients and, Medicare limit elimination, costs, methodology, 354, 356, 359–360

transplant patients and, Medicare limit elimination, coverage rationales, 22–23

transplant patients and, Medicare limit elimination, Medicaid cost savings, 351–352

transplant patients and, Medicare limit elimination, statements on, 123

transplant patients and, overview, 99–100

transplant patients and, pharmacology of, 289–293, 294, 295

transplant patients and, research directions, 125–126

transplant patients and, therapy (adequate), barriers to, 111–118

transplant patients and, treatment benefits/harms, 25, 104, 109–110

transplant patients and, treatment effectiveness, findings, 124

See also Antibodies;

Antiproliferative agents;

Calcineurin phosphatase inhibitors;

Corticosteroids;

Immunology;

Immunosuppression

Immunosuppressive Drug Coverage Act of 1999, 322

Infectious agents

cytomegalovirus (CMV), 81, 291

leukemia/lymphoma and, 250, 253, 254, 255

septicemia oral sources for leukemia/ lymphoma patients, 252–255

transplantation and, 260–262

valvular heart disease and, 268

See also Acquired immune deficiency syndrome/human immunodeficiency virus (AIDS/HIV);

Diseases and disorders;

Septicemia

Infectious Diseases Society of America, 89

Infrastructure

Medicare coverage decisionmaking, 10–11, 131–136

Medicare coverage decisionmaking, cost/cost-effectiveness analysis role, 134–136

Medicare coverage decisionmaking, evidence-based recommendations, 136

Medicare coverage decisionmaking, technology assessment commitment, 132–133

Medicare coverage decisionmaking, weaknesses, examples, 133–134

Institute of Medicine (IOM), 2, 24, 30, 40, 51, 55, 91, 125, 172, 314, 321, 322, 329

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 2000. Extending Medicare Coverage for Preventive and Other Services. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9740.
×

Extending Medicare Reimbursement in Clinical Trials, 14

immunosuppressive drugs for transplant patients, statement on, 123

Kidney Failure and the Federal Government, 123

Role of Nutrition Therapy in Maintaining the Health of the Nation’s Elderly: Evaluating Coverage of Nutrition Services for Medicare Beneficiaries, 14

See also National Academy of Sciences (NAS)

Intra-Agency Agreement, 95

In vivo epiluminescence microscopy, 47

IOM. See Institute of Medicine (IOM)

Japan

skin cancer screening, 193

Joint Commission on Cancer Classification. See American Joint Commission on Cancer Classification

Journal of the American Medical Association, 29


Kidney failure. See End-stage renal disease (ESRD)


Larynx cancer. See Head and neck cancer

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 192

Legislation

H.R. 1115, 322, 323

H.R. 1288, 65, 66, 338

H.R. 3600, 65

See also Balanced Budget Act of 1997;

Balanced Budget Act Refinements of 1999;

Congress;

Immunosuppressive Drug Coverage Act of 1999;

National Organ Transplant Act of 1984;

Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1986 (OBRA 1986);

Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987 (OBRA 1987);

Public Law 95–292;

Social Security Act of 1965 (SSA);

Social Security Amendments of 1972;

Transplant Amendments Act of 1990

Leukemia

bone marrow transplantation for, oral complications of, 252

burden of disease, 75–76, 92, 249

chemotherapy, dental pretreatment for, role in septicemia reduction, 255–256

chemotherapy, oral complications of, 251–252

dental care for patients, benefits/harms, findings, 92–93

dental care for patients, findings, 92–93

dental care for patients, Medicare coverage extension, 5, 67

dental care for patients, Medicare coverage extension, conclusions, 97

dental care for patients, Medicare coverage extension, cost estimates, 86, 87, 342

dental care for patients, Medicare coverage extension, cost estimates, statistics, 344

dental care for patients, Medicare coverage extension, costs, methodology, 342, 345

dental care for patients, Medicare current coverage, 68, 230

dental care for patients, overview, 78–79, 247, 248–249

dental care for patients, review methods, 247

incidence, 249

oral health problems associated with, 76, 249–250

oral health problems associated with treatment, 78, 225, 250, 251–252

oral mucositis from therapy, potentially effective treatments for, 257

outcomes, dental care effectiveness for, 79–80, 92

septicemia, oral sources for patients, 252–255

treatment for, 76, 78

See also Diseases and disorders

Lewin Group, 53, 118, 323, 329

Los Angeles, California. See University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA)

Lymphoma

burden of disease, 76–77, 93, 250–251

chemotherapy, dental pretreatment for, role in septicemia reduction, 255–256

chemotherapy, oral complications of, 251–252

dental care for patients, benefits/harms, findings, 93

dental care for patients, findings, 93

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 2000. Extending Medicare Coverage for Preventive and Other Services. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9740.
×

dental care for patients, Medicare coverage extension, 5, 67

dental care for patients, Medicare coverage extension, conclusions, 97–98

dental care for patients, Medicare coverage extension, cost estimates, 86, 87, 342

dental care for patients, Medicare coverage extension, cost estimates, statistics, 344

dental care for patients, Medicare coverage extension, costs, methodology, 342, 345

dental care for patients, Medicare current coverage, 68, 230

dental care for patients, overview, 79, 250

Hodgkin’s disease, dental/oral considerations in, 253

incidence of, 250–251

non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas, dental/oral considerations in, 254

oral health problems associated with, 77, 251

oral health problems associated with treatment, 78, 225, 251–252

oral mucositis from therapy, potentially effective treatments for, 257

outcomes, dental care effectiveness in, 79–80, 93

septicemia oral sources for patients, 252–255

treatment for, 77

See also Diseases and disorders

Marden, Marcia Campbell, 317

Maryland. See Bethesda, Maryland;

University of Maryland

Mayo Clinic, 84

M.D.Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute, 240, 241, 243, 253

Medicaid, 15, 17, 18, 35, 114, 118, 120, 122, 317–318, 319, 321

cost savings from Medicare coverage of immunosuppressive drugs for transplant patients, 351–352

See also Health insurance

Medical insurance. See Health insurance;

Medicaid;

Medicare

Medical tests and procedures

access to, Medicare coverage extension and, 22–24

clinical trial patients, Medicare coverage of routine care, 14

insurance and use of, 23–24

in vivo epiluminescence microscopy, 47

oral complications associated with treatment for selected conditions, 225

skin cancer diagnosis, accuracy of tests, 50, 180, 181

skin cancer diagnosis procedures, 47–48

skin cancer follow-up care/biopsies, rates of referral from screening, studies, 194–199, 201

skin cancer follow-up referral procedure, effects on screening yield, studies, 202–203

skin cancer treatment, availability of, 45–46

skin cancer treatment, early, effectiveness of, 205–207, 208–209, 213

skin self-care and knowledge, skin cancer screening effects on, 203, 204

See also Chemotherapy;

Dental services, medically necessary;

Dialysis;

Health care;

Organ transplantation;

Radiation therapy;

Skin cancer screening;

Surgery

Medicare

administrative contractors, coverage decisions of, 8, 18, 21–22

Carriers Manual, 227

congressional coverage decisions, 8, 18–19

cost/cost-effectiveness analysis, decisionmaking role of, 134–136, 139

Coverage Issues Manual, 227

decisionmaking, overview on, 8–11, 18–22, 131–136

dental services, current coverage, 5, 63–65, 68, 224–228, 230

dental services, medically necessary, coverage extension, xi, 4–5, 14, 22, 67, 222, 223

dental services, medically necessary, coverage extension, committee assessment approach, 55–69

dental services, medically necessary, coverage extension, committee conclusions, 5–7, 96–98

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 2000. Extending Medicare Coverage for Preventive and Other Services. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9740.
×

dental services, medically necessary, coverage extension, committee findings, 91–95

dental services, medically necessary, coverage extension, cost estimates, 6, 85–88, 336, 338, 340, 342, 345

dental services, medically necessary, coverage extension, cost estimates, statistics, 339, 341, 343, 344, 346, 348

dental services, medically necessary, coverage extension, costs, methodology, 340, 342, 345, 347

dialysis costs, 296–297

end-stage renal disease therapy, costs, 296–298

enrollment/expenditure trends, 17–18

evidence-based assessment, decision-making role of, 2, 9–10, 20, 127–131, 132–133, 136

extension of coverage, rationales for, 22–23

head/neck cancer patients, dental care coverage extension, 234

head/neck cancer patients, dental care coverage extension, cost estimates, 340

head/neck cancer patients, dental care coverage extension, cost estimates, statistics, 341, 343

head/neck cancer patients, dental care coverage extension, costs, methodology, 340

head/neck cancer patients, dental care current coverage, 68, 230

health care access, coverage extension and, 22–24

Health Care Financing Administration, decisionmaking role of, 8, 18, 19–21, 22

health outcomes, coverage extension and, 2, 22–24

heart valve repair/replacement patients, dental care, 269, 271

heart valve repair/replacement patients, dental care, coverage extension, cost estimates, 345, 347

heart valve repair/replacement patients, dental care, coverage extension, cost estimates, statistics, 348

heart valve repair/replacement patients, dental care, coverage extension, costs methodology, 347

heart valve repair/replacement patients, dental care, current coverage, 68, 230

heart valve repair/replacement patients, dental care, review methods, 270–271

heart valve repair/replacement patients, discharges, 271

heart valve repair/replacement patients, inpatient days for beneficiaries, 270, 272

heart valve repair/replacement patients,

utilization and reimbursement for, 270, 272

historical background, 15–17

immunosuppressive drugs for transplant patients, costs, 297–298

immunosuppressive drugs for transplant patients, coverage effect on noncompliance, findings, 124–125

immunosuppressive drugs for transplant patients, coverage evolution, 100–102, 103, 287

immunosuppressive drugs for transplant patients, current coverage policy, 7, 103

immunosuppressive drugs for transplant

patients, funding expiration, 113–114

immunosuppressive drugs for transplant

patients, time limit elimination, xi, 7, 14, 22, 322

immunosuppressive drugs for transplant patients, time limit elimination, benefits/harms, 104, 125

immunosuppressive drugs for transplant patients, time limit elimination, assessment approach, 102, 104

immunosuppressive drugs for transplant patients, time limit elimination, conclusions, 7–8, 126

immunosuppressive drugs for transplant patients, time limit elimination, cost estimates, 8, 118–123, 347, 349–362

immunosuppressive drugs for transplant patients, time limit elimination, cost estimates, statistics, 350, 353, 355, 358, 362

immunosuppressive drugs for transplant patients, time limit elimination, cost savings for Medicaid, 351–352

immunosuppressive drugs for transplant patients, time limit elimination, costs, methodology, 354, 356, 359–360

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 2000. Extending Medicare Coverage for Preventive and Other Services. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9740.
×

immunosuppressive drugs for transplant patients, time limit elimination, health outcome effects of, 114, 118, 124

immunosuppressive drugs for transplant patients, time limit elimination, statements on, 123

infrastructure for coverage, 10–11, 131–136

infrastructure for coverage, specific weaknesses, examples, 133–134

leukemia/lymphoma patients, dental care, coverage extension, cost estimates, 342

leukemia/lymphoma patients, dental care, coverage extension, cost estimates, statistics, 344

leukemia/lymphoma patients, dental care, coverage extension, costs, methodology, 342, 345

leukemia patients, dental care current coverage, 68, 230

lymphoma patients, dental care current coverage, 68, 230

Medicare Provider Analysis and Review (MEDPAR), 270

overview of, xi, 1–2, 13–15

Part A, 15–16, 17, 21, 64, 226, 227, 330

Part B, 15, 16, 21, 34–35, 64, 86, 87, 88, 119, 122, 128, 226, 227, 234, 258, 266, 330, 331, 333, 336, 340, 345, 349

Part C, 15

Physician Fee Schedule, 55

preventive services coverage, evidence-based assessment, limits of, 2, 12, 138–139

preventive services coverage, evidence-based assessment role, 9–10, 127–131, 136

preventive services coverage, health outcome limits of, 2, 12, 136–138

preventive services coverage, overview, 8–11

preventive services current coverage and U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendations, comparison, 9, 128–131

preventive services current coverage, listing, 128

renal graft loss, cost to, statistics, 357, 361

skin cancer screening, coverage extension, xi, 2–3, 14, 22, 25

skin cancer screening, coverage extension, assessment approach, 40–43

skin cancer screening, coverage extension, assessment criteria, 59–60

skin cancer screening, coverage extension, conclusions, 3–4, 62

skin cancer screening, coverage extension, cost estimates, 4, 53–57, 330–336, 337

skin cancer screening, coverage extension, cost estimates, statistics, 332, 334, 335, 337

skin cancer screening, coverage extension, costs, methodology, 331, 333, 336

skin cancer screening, coverage extension, findings, 58–61

skin cancer screening, coverage extension, overview, 38–40

skin cancer screening, coverage extension, pathway, 49

skin cancer screening, current coverage, 3

technology assessment commitment, decisionmaking role of, 20, 132–133

transplantation, costs, 296–298

transplantation, coverage of, 287

transplantation, current policies’ impact on beneficiaries, 315, 317–318, 319, 320

transplantation, dental care for, coverage extension, 257–259

transplantation, dental care for, coverage extension, cost estimates, 345

transplantation, dental care for, coverage extension, cost estimates, statistics, 346

transplantation, dental care for, coverage extension, costs, methodology, 345

transplantation, dental care for, current coverage, 68, 230

transplantation, dental care for, review methods, 260

transplantation, 1972 policy, 310–311

transplantation, 1978 policy, 311–312

transplantation, 1984–1986 policy, 312–313

transplantation, 1994 policy, 314–315, 318–320

transplantation, potential modifications to program, 320–324

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 2000. Extending Medicare Coverage for Preventive and Other Services. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9740.
×

See also Committee on Medicare Coverage Extensions;

Diagnosis-related groups (DRGs);

Health insurance;

Medicare Coverage Advisory Committee;

Medicare Secondary Payer (MSP)

Medicare Coverage Advisory Committee, 20, 131

objectives, 26–27

principles, 27

See also Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA);

Medicare

Medicare Coverage Extensions Committee. See Committee on Medicare Coverage Extensions

Medicare Secondary Payer (MSP), 349, 351.

See also Medicare

MEDLINE, 182, 234, 247, 260, 270

Melanoma

ABCDE checklist for, 47, 49, 176

Breslow measurement technique, 177

burden of disease, 43–44, 173–176

diagnosis, 44, 47–48, 52, 53, 60, 176–177

diagnosis delay, consequences of, retrospective studies, 208–209

epidemiology, 173–176

incidence/mortality, age and, 42, 43–44, 173, 174

malignant lesions found in screening, data on, 200

mortality and stages found in screening v. usual practice, studies results, 207, 208

mortality, skin self-examination effects, case-control study, 206–207

natural history, 176–177

risk factors, 40–41, 43, 44–45, 49–50, 62, 191–192

screening for, cost-effectiveness studies, results, 42, 56, 61, 209–210

screening tests, 48–50, 60, 182, 184–193

staging, 177

treatment, availability of, 45–46

treatment, early, effectiveness of, studies results, 39, 50–51, 60, 62, 205–209, 213

warning symptoms, 38

See also Diseases and disorders;

Nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSC);

Skin cancer;

Skin cancer screening

Methods and methodology

analytic strategy, 27, 29–33

cost estimation, 27, 29, 33–37

dental services, medically necessary,

analytic approach, 233

dental services, medically necessary, decision analytic framework, 232–233

dental services, medically necessary, decision framework, 231–232

dental services, medically necessary, Medicare coverage extension, assessment approach, 66–69

dental services, medically necessary, Medicare coverage extension for, costs, 340, 342, 345, 347

head/neck cancer patients, dental care for, 234–235

head/neck cancer patients, dental care for, Medicare coverage extension, costs, 340

heart valve repair/replacement patients, dental care for, Medicare coverage extension to, costs, 347

heart valve repair/replacement patients, dental care for, review methods, 270–271

immunosuppressive drugs for transplant patients, Medicare limit elimination, assessment, 102, 104

immunosuppressive drugs for transplant patients, Medicare limit elimination, costs, 354, 356, 359–360

leukemia/lymphoma, dental care for, 247

leukemia/lymphoma, dental care for, Medicare coverage extension to, costs, 342, 345

medical intervention, evidence pyramid for assessing, 28, 29

skin cancer screening, data extraction/synthesis, 182–184

skin cancer screening, literature review, 182

skin cancer screening, Medicare coverage extension, assessment approach, 40–43

skin cancer screening, Medicare coverage extension, costs, 331, 333, 336

transplantation, dental care for, Medicare coverage extension to, costs, 345

transplantation, dental care for, review methods, 260

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 2000. Extending Medicare Coverage for Preventive and Other Services. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9740.
×

Miami, Florida. See University of Miami

Microorganisms. See Infectious agents

Minnesota. See Olmstead County, Minnesota;

Rochester, Minnesota

MMF. See Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF)

Models and modeling

dental services, medically necessary, 223

dental services, medically necessary, decision model, 231

endocarditis, dental-associated, proposed causal model, 269

immunosuppressive drugs for transplant patients, Medicare coverage extension, estimated costs, 119, 120, 121, 122–123

skin cancer screening, Medicare coverage extension, cost estimates, 55

Mortality

dialysis v. renal transplantation, comparison, 298

melanoma, age and, 173–176

melanoma, skin self-examination effects on, case-control study, 206–207

melanoma, stages found in screening v. usual practice, studies, 207, 208

skin cancer, 172

skin cancer early treatment, effectiveness of, 205–209

skin cancer, screening effects on, 39, 41, 42, 52, 53, 58, 59, 60, 204, 205, 212

See also Burden of disease;

Population

MSP. See Medicare Secondary Payer (MSP)

Mucositis. See Oral mucositis

Murray, Joseph, 287, 288

Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), 290–291

National Academy of Sciences (NAS), 1, 13–14, 24, 222.

See also Institute of Medicine (IOM)

National Alliance for Oral Health, 223

National Cancer Institute (NCI), 43, 44, 46, 90, 173, 233

PDQ information system, 57

skin cancer screening statement, 57–58

See also Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program

National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA), 137

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 81, 228, 231, 263

National Health Examination Survey, 228

National Health Interview Survey, 230

National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), 95

dental services, medically necessary, statement on, 90–91

Oral Health, Cancer Care and You: Fitting the Pieces Together, 90

See also Friends of the NIDCR;

National Institutes of Health (NIH)

National Institute of Dental Research, 228

National Institute of Nursing Research, 90

National Institutes of Health (NIH), 6, 11, 98, 132, 133, 301

Consensus Development Conference on Oral Complications of Cancer Therapies: Diagnosis, Prevention, and Treatment, 1989, 90, 235

dental services, medically necessary, statement on, 90

skin cancer screening statements, 57–58

See also National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR)

National Kidney Foundation (NKF), 117, 125–126

immunosuppressive drugs for transplant patients, statement on, 123

National Medical Expenditure Survey, 1987, 88, 340

National Oral Health Information Clearinghouse, 90

National Organization for Rare Diseases (NORD), 115, 116

National Organ Transplant Act of 1984, 313, 321

National Task Force on Organ Transplantation, 313

NBTE. See Endocarditis

NCI. See National Cancer Institute (NCI)

NCQA. See National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA)

Neck cancer. See Head and neck cancer

Neoral®, 293, 297

Netherlands

skin cancer screening study, 185, 188

New England Journal of Medicine

“Clinical Problem Solving,” 29

New Hampshire

nonmelanoma skin cancer incidence, 176

New Haven, Connecticut

skin examinations, survey of physicians, 55

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 2000. Extending Medicare Coverage for Preventive and Other Services. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9740.
×

New Mexico. See Albuquerque, New Mexico

New Zealand

skin cancer trends, 174

NHANES. See National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)

NIDCR. See National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR)

NIH. See National Institutes of Health (NIH)

Nixon, Richard M., 311

NKF. See National Kidney Foundation (NKF)

NMSC. See Nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSC)

Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis (NBTE). See Endocarditis

Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. See Lymphoma

Nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSC) (basal cell and squamous cell)

burden of disease, 44–45, 175–176

diagnosis, 177–178

epidemiology, 175–176

natural history, 177–178

Psorolen plus ultraviolet-A radiation and, 178

risk factors, 190

staging, 177–178

treatment, availability of, 46

treatment, early, effectiveness of, studies results, 205, 213

warning symptoms, 38

See also Diseases and disorders;

Melanoma;

Skin cancer;

Skin cancer screening

NORD. See National Organization for Rare Diseases (NORD)

North Carolina. See Research Triangle Institute/University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (RTI-UNC)

OBRA 1986. See Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1986 (OBRA 1986)

OBRA 1987. See Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987 (OBRA 1987)

Office of Technology Assessment (OTA), 9, 19, 132, 134, 314, 322, 323

immunosuppressive drugs for transplant patients, statement on, 123

Outpatient Immunosuppressive Drugs Under Medicare, 123

See also Congress

Ohio, 322

Olmstead County, Minnesota, 84

Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1986 (OBRA 1986), 313, 321

Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987 (OBRA 1987), 314

OPTN. See Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN)

Oral cavity cancer. See Head and neck cancer

Oral health

bone marrow transplantation for leukemia patients, complications of, 252

chemotherapy for leukemia/lymphoma patients, complications of, 251–252

endocarditis, dental-associated, proposed causal model, 269

head/neck cancer patients, dental disease prevalence in, 238

head/neck cancer patients, radiation complications, 72, 225, 235–237

head/neck cancer patients, radiation complications, quality-of-life impact, 246

heart valve repair/replacement, related problems, 84, 225

Hodgkin’s disease, considerations in, 251, 252, 253

immunosuppression therapy for transplant patients, complications, 262

infections and organ transplantation, 260–262

lesions and transplantation, 266

leukemia, related problems, 76, 249–250

leukemia treatment, related problems, 78, 225, 250, 251–252

lymphoma, related problems, 77, 251

lymphoma treatment, related problems, 78, 225, 251–252

non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, considerations in, 254

population age 65 and older retaining natural teeth, 228–231

septicemia sources in leukemia/lymphoma patients, 252–255

transplantation, considerations after, 265–266

transplantation, considerations before, 263–264

transplantation, infections and, 260–262

transplantation, lesions in, 266

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 2000. Extending Medicare Coverage for Preventive and Other Services. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9740.
×

transplantation, related problems, 80–81, 225, 260–262

See also Decayed, missing and filled tooth surfaces (DMFS);

Dental care program (DCP);

Dental services;

Dental services, medically necessary;

Diseases and disorders;

Health care;

Health care policy;

Oral mucositis;

Osteoradionecrosis (ORN)

Oral mucositis

chemotherapy/bone marrow transplantation and, potentially effective treatments for, 257

See also Oral health

Oregon

health care reform initiative, 139

Oregon Health Sciences University

Evidence-Based Practice Center, 40

Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN), 313

Organ transplantation

acute rejection, 106, 107

age 65 and older, recipients of, statistics, 258

antibodies, immunosuppressive use of, 290

antiproliferative agents, immunosuppressive use of, 290–291

azathioprine, immunosuppressive use of, 290–291

burden of disease, 80, 93–94, 104–108, 124

calcineurin phosphatase inhibitors, immunosuppressive use of, 292, 293

chronic rejection, 106, 107

corticosteroids, immunosuppressive use of, 292

costs of, 296–298

cyclosporine, immunosuppressive use of, 292, 293

dental care and, after surgery, 82, 265–266, 267

dental care and, before surgery, 82, 263–264, 267

dental care and, benefits/harms, 94, 267

dental care and, committee findings, 93–94

dental care and, Medicare coverage extension, 5, 67, 257–259, 268

dental care and, Medicare coverage extension, committee conclusions, 97–98

dental care and, Medicare coverage extension, cost estimates, 85–88, 345

dental care and, Medicare coverage extension, cost estimates, statistics, 346

dental care and, Medicare coverage extension, costs, methodology, 345

dental care and, Medicare current coverage of, 68, 230, 266

dental care and, review methods, 260

dental care considered medically necessary, 264

heart/liver/lung, immunosuppressive drugs for, Medicare coverage extension, costs, 360, 362

immunology and, overview, 289–290

immunosuppression, adequate, provision of, 300–301

immunosuppression, excessive, avoiding, 302

immunosuppression, need for, 105–107

immunosuppression therapy and, oral complications, 262, 267

immunosuppressive drugs currently available, cost of, 294

immunosuppressive drugs for, adequate therapy, barriers to, 111–118

immunosuppressive drugs for, benefits/harms, findings, 124

immunosuppressive drugs for, burden from patient noncompliance, findings, 124

immunosuppressive drugs for, burden of disease, 25

immunosuppressive drugs for, committee assessment approach, 102, 104

immunosuppressive drugs for, compliance/noncompliance, issues, 111–113

immunosuppressive drugs for, costs of, 296–298

immunosuppressive drugs for, current uses/future trends, 294–296

immunosuppressive drugs for, intervention, 25

immunosuppressive drugs for, Medicare/alternative funding, expiration of, 113–114

immunosuppressive drugs for, Medicare coverage benefits/harms, 104, 125

immunosuppressive drugs for, Medicare coverage evolution, 100–102, 103, 287, 310–315

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 2000. Extending Medicare Coverage for Preventive and Other Services. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9740.
×

immunosuppressive drugs for, Medicare coverage extension, xi, 14

immunosuppressive drugs for, Medicare coverage extension, conclusions, 126

immunosuppressive drugs for, Medicare coverage extension, cost estimates, 25, 118–123, 347, 349–362

immunosuppressive drugs for, Medicare coverage extension, cost estimates, statistics, 350, 353, 355, 358, 362

immunosuppressive drugs for, Medicare coverage extension, costs, methodology, 354, 356, 359–360

immunosuppressive drugs for, Medicare coverage extension, Medicaid cost savings, 351–352

immunosuppressive drugs for, Medicare coverage extension, rationales for, 22, 23

immunosuppressive drugs for, Medicare coverage extension, statements on, 123

immunosuppressive drugs for, Medicare coverage, health outcomes effects of, 114–118, 124

immunosuppressive drugs for, Medicare coverage, noncompliance effects of, 124–125

immunosuppressive drugs for, Medicare current coverage policy, 103

immunosuppressive drugs for, noncompliance of patients, findings, 124, 299, 319, 320, 321, 323

immunosuppressive drugs for, overview, 99–100

immunosuppressive drugs for, pharmacology of, 289–295

immunosuppressive drugs for, research directions, 125–126

immunosuppressive drugs for, treatment benefits/harms, 25, 104, 109–110

immunosuppressive drugs for, treatment effectiveness, findings, 124

Medicare coverage for, introduction, 100–101, 122, 287

Medicare coverage, potential modifications to, 320–324

Medicare current policies’ impact on beneficiaries, 315, 317–318, 319, 320

Medicare 1972 policy for, 310–311

Medicare 1978 policy for, 311–312

Medicare 1984–1986 policy for, 312–313

Medicare 1994 policy for, 314–315, 317–318

mortality compared with dialysis patients, 298

Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), immunosuppressive use of, 290–291

oral health problems associated with, 80–81, 225

oral infections in, 260–262, 267

oral lesions in, 266

outcomes, dental care effectiveness for, 82–83, 94

outcomes, expected, beyond 3 years, 287–289

protein-based therapy, immunosuppressive use, 290

rejection, late, in nonrenal transplants, causes, 300

rejection, late, in renal transplants, causes, 298–300

renal graft loss, Medicare costs of, statistics, 357, 361

renal, immunosuppressive drugs for, Medicare coverage extension, cost estimates, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 358, 359–360

statistics, by organ type, 105, 259

survival, long-term, barriers to, 300

survival, long-term, impacts of, 317–318

survival, long-term, scientific basis, 287–296

survival rates, statistics by organ type, 109

tacrolimus, immunosuppressive use of, 293

treatment, effective, availability, 109–110

waiting list for, statistics by organ type, 108, 259

waiting lists for, 107

See also Bone marrow transplantation (BMT);

Medical tests and procedures;

Surgery

Organ Transplantation National Task Force. See National Task Force on Organ Transplantation

Osteoradionecrosis (ORN), 72, 73, 74, 75, 90, 91, 92, 97, 342

head/neck cancer patients and ORN of jaws, treatment required, 245–246

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 2000. Extending Medicare Coverage for Preventive and Other Services. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9740.
×

head/neck cancer patients and postradiation extractions, role of hyperbaric oxygen therapy, 244–245

head/neck cancer patients, dental preservation impact on incidence of, 241, 243–244, 248

head/neck cancer patients, incidence of, 242

head/neck cancer patients in radiation therapy, complications from, 236–237

head/neck cancer patients in radiation therapy, cost savings from preventive care, statistics, 343

See also Oral health

OTA. See Office of Technology Assessment (OTA)

Peer Review Organizations (PROs), 21

Pennsylvania. See University of Pennsylvania Hospital

Pharmacology

immunosuppressants, 289–295

Pharynx cancer. See Head and neck cancer

P.L. 92–603. See Social Security Amendments of 1972

P.L. 95–292. See Public Law 95–292

P.L. 98–507. See National Organ Transplant Act of 1984

P.L. 99–509. See Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1986 (OBRA 1986)

P.L. 105–33. See Balanced Budget Act of 1997

P.L. 106–113. See Balanced Budget Act Refinements of 1999

Population

definition of, assessment approach, 29, 30–31

dental services, medically necessary, definition of, 67

skin cancer screening, definition of, 41

See also Age and aging;

Ethnicity;

Mortality

Population burden of disease. See Burden of disease

Preventive health care

Medicare coverage, 8–11, 14

Medicare coverage, health outcome limits of, 2, 12, 136–138

Medicare coverage, evidence-based assessment and, 9–10, 127–131, 136

Medicare coverage, evidence limits for, 2, 12, 138–139

Medicare current coverage, and U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendations, comparison, 128–131

Medicare current coverage of, listing, 128

U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendations for, listing, 130

See also Health care;

Health care policy

Preventive Services Task Force. See U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF)

Princess Margaret Hospital, 245

Private industry. See Contractors, private

PROs. See Peer Review Organizations (PROs)

Prostate specific antigen (PSA), 128

Proteins. See Antibodies

PSA. See Prostate specific antigen (PSA)

Public Law 92–603. See Social Security Amendments of 1972

Public Law 95–292, 312

Public Law 98–507. See National Organ Transplant Act of 1984

Public Law 99–509. See Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1986 (OBRA 1986)

Public Law 105–33. See Balanced Budget Act of 1997

Public Law 106–113. See Balanced Budget Act Refinements of 1999


Quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), 36, 110, 125

Quality of life

head/neck cancer treatment, oral complications from, impact on, 246

Quality of Life Questionnaire QLQ-C30, 246


Race. See Ethnicity

RAD. See Sirolimus

Radiation therapy

head/neck cancer patients, pretreatment dental approaches, efficacy of, 239–240

head/neck cancer patients, pretreatment dental assessment, 237–238

head/neck cancer treatment, 71–72

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 2000. Extending Medicare Coverage for Preventive and Other Services. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9740.
×

head/neck cancer treatment, dental care for patients, 73

head/neck cancer treatment, dental care for patients, Medicare cost savings, 342, 343

head/neck cancer treatment, oral complications from, 72, 235–237

head/neck cancer treatment, oral complications from, quality of life impact, 246

lymphoma treatment, 77

lymphoma treatment, oral complications from, 78

See also Medical tests and procedures

Rapamycin (RAD). See Sirolimus

Recommendations. See Conclusions and findings

Relative value unit (RVU), 331

Rennie, D., 286

Research

dental services, medically necessary, 95–96

head/neck cancer patients, dental services for, literature review observations, 235

immunosuppressive drugs for transplant patients, 125–126

scientific literature identification/assessment by Committee on Medicare Coverage Extensions, 29, 31–32

skin cancer screening, 60–61, 182

Research Triangle Institute/University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (RTI-UNC), 95

Evidence-Based Practice Center, 95

rHuEPO. See Erythropoietin (rHuEPO)

Risk assessment

melanoma risk factors, 190–191

nonmelanoma skin cancer risk factors, 190

skin cancer screening use of, accuracy of, 189, 190–193, 210–211

Rocaltrol®, 296

Rochester, Minnesota

basal cell cancer incidence, 176

RTI-UNC. See Research Triangle Institute/University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (RTI-UNC)

RVU. See Relative Value Unit (RVU)

SangCyA®, 298

Scientific literature. See Research

Scotland. See United Kingdom

SEER program. See Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program

Senate Finance Committee, 314.

See also Congress

Septicemia

oral sources of, leukemia/lymphoma patients, 252–255

prechemotherapy dental treatment, role in reduction of, leukemia/lymphoma patients, 255–256

See also Diseases and disorders;

Infectious agents

Sharp, Lesley, 317

Sirolimus, 295

Skin cancer

Breslow measurement technique, 177

diagnosis of, rates from screening, studies, 194–199, 201

diagnostic procedures, 47–48, 176, 178

diagnostic tests accuracy, 50, 179, 180, 181

disease burden, 25, 43–45, 59, 173–176

early detection through screening, compared to usual care, studies, 203

early detection through screening, evidence of benefits, 51–53, 172, 180, 181

epidemiology, 173–176

natural history, 176–177, 178

prevention, primary, 38, 39

prevention, secondary, 38–39

prevention, tertiary, 39

staging, 176–177, 178

suspicious lesions, rate of detection by screening, studies, 193–199

treatment, early, effectiveness of, results, 205–207, 208–209, 213

treatment, effective, availability of, 45–46

treatment effectiveness, 50–51, 60, 181

See also Diseases and disorders;

Melanoma;

Nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSC);

Skin cancer screening

Skin cancer screening

ABCDE checklist for, 47, 49, 177, 189

accuracy of test, 48–50, 60, 172

accuracy of test, analytic framework, 180, 181

accuracy of test, results, 184–185, 188–193, 212–213

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 2000. Extending Medicare Coverage for Preventive and Other Services. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9740.
×

adverse effects of, results, 203–204, 212

analytic framework, 178–181

benefits/harms, findings, 60

benefits/harms, issues, 25, 50–51

biopsies resulting from screening, statistics, 332

follow-up care/biopsies, rates of referral from screening, studies, 194–199, 201

follow-up referral procedure, effects on yield, studies, 202–203

case-finding programs, 178, 181

Committee on Medicare Coverage Extensions, objectives, 26–27

consequences of, analytic framework, 179, 181

consequences of, results, 193–205, 212

data extraction/synthesis methods, 182–184

diagnosis of, rates from, studies, 194–199, 201

early detection through, compared to usual care, studies, 203

early detection through, evidence of benefits, 51–53, 172, 180, 181

health outcome effects of, 60, 178, 179, 181

lead-time bias, 53

length bias, 53

literature review methods, 182

mass-screening programs, 178

Medicare coverage extension, access to/use of, impact on, 22, 23

Medicare coverage extension, assessment approach, 40–43

Medicare coverage extension, assessment criteria, 59–60

Medicare coverage extension, conclusions, 3–4, 62

Medicare coverage extension, cost estimates, 4, 25, 53–57, 330–336, 337

Medicare coverage extension, cost estimates, model, 55

Medicare coverage extension, cost estimates, statistics, 332, 334, 335, 337

Medicare coverage extension, costs, methodology, 331, 333, 336

Medicare coverage extension, findings, 58–61

Medicare coverage extension, intervention assessment, 25, 40–43

Medicare coverage extension, overview, xi, 2–3, 14, 25

Medicare coverage extension, pathway to, 59

Medicare coverage extension, rationales, 22

Medicare current coverage of, 3

melanoma, cost-effectiveness studies, results, 209–210

melanoma malignant lesions found, data on, 193, 200, 201

melanoma stages/mortality found in, comparison to usual practice, studies, 207–208

methods, 182–184

overview, 38–40, 172–173

patient self-care and skin knowledge, effects on, results, 203

procedures, 46–47

questions, key, 178, 180, 181

recommendations on, 57–58, 178

recruitment strategy, effects on yield, studies, 202

research possibilities, 60–61

risk-assessment tools use for, accuracy, 189–193, 212

sensitivity of, definition, 48–49

skin examination type, effects on yield, studies, 202

specificity of, definition, 48, 49

suspicious lesions, rate of detection in, studies, 193–199, 201

total-body examination accuracy, screening/nonscreening studies results, 184–189, 212

yield of, program characteristics effects on, studies, 201, 202–203

See also Medical tests and procedures;

Melanoma;

Nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSC);

Skin cancer

Social Security

disability benefits for end-stage renal disease patients, 321

Social Security Act of 1965 (SSA), 13, 15, 63, 226, 258, 266

Social Security Amendments of 1972, 287, 310–311, 322

Squamous cell carcinoma. See Nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSC)

SSA. See Social Security Act of 1965 (SSA)

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 2000. Extending Medicare Coverage for Preventive and Other Services. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9740.
×

SSI. See Supplemental Security Income (SSI)

Starzl, Thomas E., 286

State Kidney Programs, 319

Supplemental Security Income (SSI)

renal transplant patients receiving, 318

Surgery

heart repair/replacement, dental care for, 84–85

heart repair/replacement, dental care for, Medicare coverage extension, cost estimates, 345

heart repair/replacement, dental care for, Medicare coverage extension, cost estimates, statistics, 348

heart repair/replacement, dental care for, Medicare coverage extension, costs, methodology, 347

heart repair/replacement, dental clinical/radiographic findings, 273

See also Medical tests and procedures;

Organ transplantation

Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program, 44, 45, 52, 88, 173, 203, 210, 233–234, 340.

See also National Cancer Institute (NCI)

Sweden

Karolinska Institute, oral infections in bone marrow transplant patients, 254

melanoma incidence, 201

women, melanoma risk-assessment, 191–192

Tacrolimus, 292–293

Task Force on Preventive Services. See U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF)

Technology assessment

Medicare coverage policy use of, 20, 132–133

Technology Assessment Office. See Office of Technology Assessment (OTA)

Teeth. See Decayed, missing and filled tooth surfaces (DMFS);

Dental care program (DCP);

Dental services;

Dental services, medically necessary;

Oral health

Texas, 240

Thurman, Karen, 322

Thymoglobulin®, 293–295

TNM. See Tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) system

Total-body skin examination, 184–189, 212

Transplant Amendments Act of 1990, 321

Transplantation. See Organ transplantation

Tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) system melanoma staging, 177, 203


UCLA. See University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA)

United Kingdom

Cheshire, melanoma risk assessment questionnaire, 192–193

London, renal transplant recipients, dental findings, 267

melanoma seven-point checklist, 176–177

osteoradionecrosis study, 245

Scotland, skin cancer screening, 208

Scotland, West of, skin health promotion campaign, 208

skin cancer screening, public information campaigns, 207, 208

United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS), 87, 104, 259, 349, 360

Scientific Renal Transplant Registry, 288

United States Renal Data System (USRDS), 296

University of Alabama, 297

University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), 244, 245

University of Chicago Hospitals, 256

University of Maryland Cancer Center, 256

University of Miami, 244

University of North Carolina. See Research Triangle Institute/University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (RTI-UNC)

University of Pennsylvania Hospital Oncology Unit, 255

UNOS. See United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS)

U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), 9, 10, 25, 31, 33, 40, 135, 172, 190–191

dental services, medically necessary, statement on, 89

preventive services recommended for persons 65 and older, listing, 130

preventive services recommended for persons 65 and older, Medicare coverage comparison, 9, 128–131

skin cancer screening, recommendations, 57, 178

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 2000. Extending Medicare Coverage for Preventive and Other Services. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9740.
×

See also Guide to Clinical Preventive Services, Second Edition

USPSTF. See U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF)

USRDS. See United States Renal Data System (USRDS)

Valvular heart disease

burden of disease, 83–84, 94

dental care for patients, 84–85, 268, 269

dental care for patients, benefits/harms, findings, 95

dental care for patients, Medicare coverage extension, conclusions, 97–98

dental care for patients, Medicare coverage extension, cost estimates, 86, 87, 345

dental care for patients, Medicare coverage extension, cost estimates, statistics, 348

dental care for patients, Medicare coverage extension, costs, methodology, 347

dental care for patients, Medicare coverage extension, findings, 94–95

dental care for patients, Medicare coverage extension, overview, 5, 67

dental care for patients, Medicare current coverage, 68, 230

dental care for patients, results, 271

dental care for patients, review methods, 270–271

Medicare diagnosis-related groups associated with, 270

Medicare discharges for, 271

Medicare utilization/reimbursement of, 270, 272

oral health problems associated with, 84, 225, 273

outcomes, dental care effectiveness for, 85, 94–95

See also Diseases and disorders

Veterans Administration, 258

Medical Centers, 56

Viruses. See Infectious agents


Walter Reed Army Medical Center, 74, 239, 240

West Virginia University, 243


Xerostomia. See Oral health


Years of healthy life (YHLs), 36


Zidovudine (AZT), 113

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 2000. Extending Medicare Coverage for Preventive and Other Services. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9740.
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This report, which was developed by an expert committee of the Institute of Medicine, reviews the first three services listed above. It is intended to assist policymakers by providing syntheses of the best evidence available about the effectiveness of these services and by estimating the cost to Medicare of covering them. For each service or condition examined, the committee commissioned a review of the scientific literature that was presented and discussed at a public workshop.

As requested by Congress, this report includes explicit estimates only of costs to Medicare, not costs to beneficiaries, their families, or others. It also does not include cost-effectiveness analyses. That is, the extent of the benefits relative to the costs to Medicare—or to society generally—is not evaluated for the services examined.

The method for estimating Medicare costs follows the generic estimation practices of the Congressional Budget Office (CBO). The objective was to provide Congress with estimates that were based on familiar procedures and could be compared readily with earlier and later CBO estimates. For each condition or service, the estimates are intended to suggest the order of magnitude of the costs to Medicare of extending coverage, but the estimates could be considerably higher or lower than what Medicare might actually spend were coverage policies changed. The estimates cover the five-year period 2000-2004.

In addition to the conclusions about specific coverage issues, the report examines some broader concerns about the processes for making coverage decisions and about the research and organizational infrastructure for these decisions. It also briefly examines the limits of coverage as a means of improving health services and outcomes and the limits of evidence as a means of resolving policy and ethical questions.

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