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Curriculumintegration: proceeding with cautious optimism. (1996~. Middle School foavrnal, September 1996, pp. 3-26. Alexander, W.M. (1965~. The junior high: A changing view. In G. Hass & K Wiles (Eds.), Readings in cavrric?`l?`m. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Arnold, I. (1993~. A responsive curriculum for emerging adolescents. In T. Dickinson (Ed.), Readings in middle school cavrric?`l?`m: A continuing conversation. Columbus, OH: National Middle School Association. Beane, I.A. (1993~. A middle school cavrric?`l?`m: From rhetoric to reality (2nd eddy. Columbus, OH: National Middle School Association. Bitter, G.G., & Hatfield, M.M. (1998~. The role of technology in the middle grades. In L. Leutzinger (Ed.), Mathematics in the Middle (pp. 36-41~. Reston, VA National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. Carnegie Council on Adolescent Development. (1990~. Tavrning points: PreparingAmerican youth for the 21st century (abridged version). Washington, DC: Carnegie Council on Adolescent Development. Chiu, M.M. (1996~. Exploring the origins, uses, and interactions of student intuitions: Compar- ing the lengths of paths. journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 27~4), 478-504. Clark, T.A., Bickel, WE., & Lacey, R.A. (1993~. Transforming education foryoa`ng adolescents: insights for practitioners from the Lilly Endowment's middle grades impovement program, 1987-1990. New York: Education Resources Group. Council of Chief State School Officers, & Carnegie Corporation of New York. (1995~. The middle school: Professional development for high staidest achievement. Washington, DC: Council of Chief State School Officers. Davis, B. (1997~. Listening for differences: An evolving conception of mathematics teaching. foavrnalfor Research in Mathematics Education, 28~3), 355-376. r`~.~.~.r . I A. RESOURCES English, L., Cudmore, D., & Tilley, D. (1998~. Problem posing and critiquing: How it can happen in your classroom. Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School, 4~2), 124-129. Felner, R.D., et al. (1995~. The process and impact of school reform and restructuring for the middle years: A longitudinal study of Turning Points-based comprehensive school change. In R. Takanishi & D. Hamburg (Eds.), Frontiers in the education of young adolescents. New York: Carnegie Corporation. Felner, RD., et al. (1993~. Restructuring the ecology of the school as an approach to preven- tion during school transitions: Longitudinal follow-ups and extensions of the School Transi- tional Environment Project (STEP). Prevention in Hangman Services, 10, 103-136. Felner, R.D., Jackson, A.W., Kasak, D., Mulhall, P., Brand, S., & Flowers, N. (1997~. The impact of school reform for the middle years: Longitu- dinal study of a network engaged in Tavrning- Points-based comprehensive school transfor- mation. Phi Delta Kappan. Friel, S.N., Bright, G.W., & Curcio, F.R (1997~. Understanding students' understanding of graphs. Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School, 3 (3), 224-227. George, P.S., & Alexander, W.M. (1993~. The exemplary middle school (2nd eddy. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. Jackson, A.W. et al. (1993~. Adolescent develop- ment and educational policy: Strengths and weaknesses of the knowledge base. foavrnal of Adolescent Medicine, 14, 172-189. Lamon, S.J. (1993~. Ratio and proportion: Connecting content and children's thinking. foavrnalfor Research in Mathematics Education? 24~1), 41-61. Lara, I. (1995~. Second-langavage learners and middle school reform: A case study of a school in transition. Washington, DC: Council of Chief State School Officers.
Leinwand, Sol. (1998~. Classroom realities we do not often talk about. Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School, 3~5), 330-331. Lewis, A C. (1995~. Believing in ourselves, progress and straggle in urban middle school reform, 1989-1995. New York: Edna McConnell Clark Foundation. Lipsitz, I., Jackson, A.W., & Austin, LM. (1997~. What works in middle-grades school reform. Phi Delta Kappan 78~7), 517-519. Lipsitz, I., Mizzell, M.H., Jackson, A.W., & Austin, LM. (1997~. Speaking with one voice: A manifesto for middle-grades reform. Phi Delta Kappan, 78~7), 533-540. Manauchureri, A., Enderson, M.C., & Pugnucco, LA. (1998~. Exploring geometry with technol- ogy. Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School, 3~6), 436-443. McEwin, C.K., & Dickinson, T.S. (1995~. The professional preparation of middle level teachers: Profiles of sa~ccessf?'l programs. Columbus, OH: National Middle School Association. McEwin, C.K, Dickinson, T.S., & Jenkins, D.M. (1996~. America's middle schools: Practices and progress: A 25 year perspective. Columbus, OH: National Middle School Association. National Board for Professional Teaching Standards. (1993~. The early adolescence/ generalist standards. San Antonio, TX: National Board for Professional Teaching Standards. National Middle School Association. (1995~. This we believe: Developmentally responsive middle level schools. Columbus, OH: National Middle School Association. National Center for Educational Statistics. (1996~. P?`rsaving excellence: A study of U.S. eighth- grade mathematics and science achievement in international context. Washington, DC: Author. National Center for Educational Statistics. (1997~. P?`rsaving excellence: A study of U.S. foavrth- grade mathematics and science achievement in international context. Washington, DC: Author. Oldfather, P., & McCaughlin, H.~. (1993~. Gaining and losing voice: A longitudinal study of students' continuing impulse to learn across elementary and middle level contexts. Research in Middle Level Education, Fall 1993, 1-25. Phillips, E., & Lappan, G. (1998~. Algebra: The first gate. In L Leutziner (Ed.), Mathematics in the Middle (pp. 10-19~. Reston, VA National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. APPE N DIX 6 Reese, C.M., Miller, KE., Mazzeo, I., & Dossey, I. (1997) NAEP 1996 mathematics report card for the national and the states: Findings from the National Assessment of Ed ?Y cationaI Progress. Washington, DC: National Center for Educa- tion Statistics. Reys, By. (1994~. Promoting number sense in the middle grades. Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School, 1~2), 114-120. Reys, R E. (1998~. Computation versus number sense. Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School, 4~2), 110-119. Reys,R.E.,Reys,B.~.,Barnes,D.E.,Beem,]. K, Lapan, R T., & Papick, I. I. (1998~. Stan- dards-based middle school mathematics: What do students think? In L. Leutzinger (Ed.), Mathematics in the Middle (pp. 153-157~. Reston, VA National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. Romberg, T. A. (1998~. Designing middle school mathematics materials using problems created to help students progress from informal reasoning to formal mathematical reasoning. In L Leutzinger (Ed.), Mathematics in the Middle (pp. 107-119~. Reston, VA National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. Rosenzweig, S. (1997~. The five foot bookshelf: Readings on middle-level education and reform. Phi Delta Kappan 78~7), 551-556. Silver, E.A., & Cal, J. (1996~. An analysis of arithmetic problem posing by middle school students. foavrnal for Research in Mathematics Education, 27~5 ), 521-539. Silver, E.A., & Kenney, P. (1993~. An examination of relationships between 1990 NAEP math- ematics items for grade 8 and selected themes from the NCTM standards. [ournalfor Research in Mathematics Education, 24~2), 159- 167. Silver, E.A., Mamona-Downs, J., Leung, S.S., & Kenney, P. A. (1996~. Posing mathematics problems: An exploratory study. {ournalfor Research in Mathematics Education, 27~3), 293- 309. Silver, E. A., Shapiro, L J., & Deutsch, A. (1993~. Sense making and the solution of division problems involving remainders: An examina- tion of middle school students' solution processes and their interpretations of solu- tions. foavrnal for Research in Mathematics Education, 24~2), 117-135.
Silver, E.A. (1998~. Improving mathematics in middle school: Lessons from TIMSS and related research. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education. Swafford, I.O., [ones, G.A., & Thornton, C.A. (1997~. Increased knowledge in geometry and instructional practice. foavrnalfor Research in Mathematics Education, 28~4), 467-483. Swaim, I.H., & Stefanich, G.P. (1996~. Meeting the standards: Improving middle level teacher education. Columbus, OH: National Middle School Association. Task Force on Education of Young Adolescents. (1989~. Tavrning points: PreparingAmerican youth for the 21st century. New York: Carnegie Council on Adolescent Development. RESOURCES Warrington, M. (1997~. How children think about division with fractions. Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School, 2~6), 390-397. Wheelock, A. (1992~. Crossing the tracks: How "a`ntracking" can save America's schools. New York: New Press. Wheelock, A. (1995~. Standards-based reform: What does it mean for the middle grades? New York: Edna McConnell Clark Foundation Program for Student Achievement. Yershalmy, M. (1997~. Designing representa- tions: Reasoning about functions of two variables. foavrnal for Research in Mathematics Education, 28~4), 431-466. Zucker, A A. (1998~. Middle grades mathematics education: Questions and answers. Arlington, VA SRI International.
