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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2000. Review of the U.S. Department of Energy's Heavy Vehicle Technologies Program. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9989.
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Review of the U.S. Department of Energy's Heavy Vehicle Technologies Program

Committee on Review of DOE's Office of Heavy Vehicle Technologies

Board on Energy and Environmental Systems

Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems

National Research Council

NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS
Washington, D.C.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2000. Review of the U.S. Department of Energy's Heavy Vehicle Technologies Program. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9989.
×

National Academy Press
2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W.Washington, D.C.20418

NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.

This report and the study on which it is based were supported by Contract No. DE-AM01-99PO80016, Task Order DE-AT01-99EE50621.A000 from the U.S. Department of Energy. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the organizations or agencies that provided support for the project.

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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2000. Review of the U.S. Department of Energy's Heavy Vehicle Technologies Program. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9989.
×

THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

National Academy of Sciences

National Academy of Engineering

Institute of Medicine

National Research Council

The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts is president of the National Academy of Sciences.

The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. William A. Wulf is president of the National Academy of Engineering.

The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Kenneth I. Shine is president of the Institute of Medicine.

The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy's purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts and Dr. William A. Wulf are chairman and vice chairman, respectively, of the National Research Council.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2000. Review of the U.S. Department of Energy's Heavy Vehicle Technologies Program. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9989.
×

COMMITTEE ON REVIEW OF DOE'S OFFICE OF HEAVY VEHICLE TECHNOLOGIES

JOHN H. JOHNSON (chair),

Michigan Technological University, Houghton

CHARLES A. AMANN,

NAE,1 General Motors Research Laboratories (retired), Bloomfield Hills, Michigan

WILLIAM L. BROWN, JR.,

Caterpillar Inc. (retired), Dunlap, Illinois

DAVID E. FOSTER,

University of Wisconsin, Madison

THOMAS A. KEIM,

Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge

PHILLIP MYERS,

NAE,

University of Wisconsin, Madison

GARY ROGERS,

FEV Engine Technology, Inc., Auburn Hills, Michigan

DALE F. STEIN,

NAE,

Michigan Technological University (retired), Tucson, Arizona

JOHN WISE,

NAE,

Mobil Research and Development Corporation (retired), Princeton, New Jersey

GORDON WRIGHT,

Ford Motor Company (retired), Plymouth, Michigan

Project Staff

JAMES ZUCCHETTO, director,

Board on Energy and Environmental Systems (BEES)

SUSANNA E. CLARENDON, senior project assistant and financial associate (BEES)

ANA-MARIA IGNAT, project assistant (BEES)

CAROL R. ARENBERG, editor,

Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems

1  

NAE = National Academy of Engineering

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2000. Review of the U.S. Department of Energy's Heavy Vehicle Technologies Program. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9989.
×

BOARD ON ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS

ROBERT L. HIRSCH (chair),

Advanced Power Technologies, Inc., Washington, D.C.

RICHARD E. BALZHISER,

NAE,1

Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. (retired), Menlo Park, California

WILLIAM L. FISHER,

NAE,

University of Texas, Austin

CHRISTOPHER FLAVIN,

Worldwatch Institute, Washington, D.C.

WILLIAM FULKERSON,

Oak Ridge National Laboratory (retired) and University of Tennessee, Knoxville

EDWIN E. KINTNER,

NAE,

GPU Nuclear Corporation (retired), Norwich, Vermont

GERALD L. KULCINSKI,

NAE,

University of Wisconsin, Madison

EDWARD S. RUBIN,

Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

ROBERT W. SHAW, JR.,

Aretê Corporation, Center Harbor, New Hampshire

JACK SIEGEL,

Energy Resources International, Inc., Washington, D.C.

ROBERT SOCOLOW,

Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey

K. ANNE STREET, consultant,

Arlington, Virginia

KATHLEEN C. TAYLOR,

NAE,

General Motors Corporation, Warren, Michigan

JACK WHITE,

The Winslow Group, LLC, Fairfax, Virginia

JOHN J. WISE,

NAE,

Mobil Research and Development Company (retired), Princeton, New Jersey

Liaison Members from Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems

RUTH M. DAVIS,

NAE,

Pymatuning Group, Inc., Alexandria, Virginia

E. GAIL DE PLANQUE,

NAE,

consultant,

Potomac, Maryland

LAWRENCE T. PAPAY,

NAE,

SAIC, San Diego, California

Staff

JAMES ZUCCHETTO, director

RICHARD CAMPBELL, program officer

SUSANNA CLARENDON, financial associate

ANA-MARIA IGNAT, project assistant

1  

NAE = National Academy of Engineering

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2000. Review of the U.S. Department of Energy's Heavy Vehicle Technologies Program. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9989.
×
This page in the original is blank.
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2000. Review of the U.S. Department of Energy's Heavy Vehicle Technologies Program. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9989.
×

Acknowledgments

The committee wishes to thank the representatives of DOE's Office of Heavy Vehicle Technologies who contributed significantly of their time and effort to this National Research Council (NRC) study, either by giving presentations at meetings, responding to committee requests for information, or hosting site visits. The committee also acknowledges the valuable contributions of other individuals who provided information on advanced vehicle technologies and development initiatives (see Appendix B). Finally, the chairman wishes to recognize the committee members and the staff of the NRC Board on Energy and Environmental Systems for organizing and planning committee meetings and gathering information and writing sections of the report. Jim Zucchetto has in particular done an outstanding job of facilitating the work of the committee, which required reviewing a significant amount of background material and helping the committee to focus on writing a concise and timely report.

This report has been reviewed by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the NRC's Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the authors and the NRC in making the published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The content of the review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process. We wish to thank the following individuals for their participation in the review of this report: Gary Borman, University of Wisconsin (retired); Norman A. Gjostein, University of Michigan, Dearborn; Jason Mark, Union of Concerned Scientists; John P. McTague, Ford Motor Company (retired); Vernon Roan, University of Florida; Dean P. Stanley, Navistar International (retired); C. Michael Walton, University of Texas.

While the individuals listed above have provided constructive comments and suggestions, responsibility for the final content of this report rests solely with the authoring committee and the NRC.

Page viii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2000. Review of the U.S. Department of Energy's Heavy Vehicle Technologies Program. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9989.
×
This page in the original is blank.
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2000. Review of the U.S. Department of Energy's Heavy Vehicle Technologies Program. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9989.
×
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2000. Review of the U.S. Department of Energy's Heavy Vehicle Technologies Program. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9989.
×

Tables and Figures

Tables

 1-1

 

Emissions from Light Trucks and Heavy Vehicles in 1997,

 

9

 1-2

 

Full-Life Exhaust Emission “Bins,”

 

10

 1-3

 

Heavy-Duty Truck Engine Emission Standards and Complete Vehicle Standards,

 

10

 1-4

 

California LEV II Exhaust Emission Standards,

 

11

 1-5

 

OHVT Budget by Activity,

 

12

 2-1

 

Distribution of Fuel Energy for a Truck Engine,

 

16

 2-2

 

Indicated Work Distribution for a Truck Engine,

 

17

 C-1

 

Funding for Projects on Combustion and Emission Control,

 

43

 D-1

 

Funding for Projects on Propulsion System Materials,

 

44

 D-2

 

Funding for Projects on High-Strength, Weight-Reduction Materials,

 

45

FIGURES

 1-1

 

Truck classification by gross vehicle weight (GVW),

 

7

 1-2

 

Number of Class 7 and 8 trucks in use, 1982–1997,

 

8

 1-3

 

Energy use by trucks, 1970–2020,

 

8

 1-4

 

Comparison of current vehicle emission standards for oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and final Tier 2 standards,

 

9

 1-5

 

Comparison of current vehicle emission standards for particulate matter (PM) and final Tier 2 standards,

 

10

 2-1

 

Average fuel-energy distribution for an automobile,

 

16

 2-2

 

Accessories, aerodynamic drag, and rolling friction as a function of highway speed for a typical Class 8 tractor trailer,

 

17

 2-3

 

Projected contributions of advanced technologies to diesel engine efficiency,

 

18

 2-4

 

Increasing the efficiency of diesel engines and brake-specific fuel consumption for research and production engines,

 

21

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2000. Review of the U.S. Department of Energy's Heavy Vehicle Technologies Program. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9989.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2000. Review of the U.S. Department of Energy's Heavy Vehicle Technologies Program. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9989.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2000. Review of the U.S. Department of Energy's Heavy Vehicle Technologies Program. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9989.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2000. Review of the U.S. Department of Energy's Heavy Vehicle Technologies Program. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9989.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2000. Review of the U.S. Department of Energy's Heavy Vehicle Technologies Program. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9989.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2000. Review of the U.S. Department of Energy's Heavy Vehicle Technologies Program. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9989.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2000. Review of the U.S. Department of Energy's Heavy Vehicle Technologies Program. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9989.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2000. Review of the U.S. Department of Energy's Heavy Vehicle Technologies Program. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9989.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2000. Review of the U.S. Department of Energy's Heavy Vehicle Technologies Program. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9989.
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As national priorities have been focused both on reducing fuel consumption and improving air quality, attention has increased on reducing emissions from many types of vehicles, including light-duty, medium-duty, and heavy-duty diesel-powered vehicles. Meeting the recently promulgated (and proposed) emission standards and simultaneously increasing fuel economy will pose especially difficult challenges for diesel-powered vehicles and will require the development of new emission-reduction technologies.

In response to a request from the director of OHVT, the National Research Council formed the Committee on Review of DOE's Office of Heavy Vehicle Technologies to conduct a broad, independent review of its research and development (R&D) activities.

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