Reducing Intergenerational Poverty (2024) / Chapter Skim
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7 Children's Family Structure
7 Children's Family Structure
Pages 167-174
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From page 167... ...
Second, there has been voluminous research linking family structure during childhood to intergenerational outcomes such as completed schooling. And third, some recent research suggests that family structure at the neighborhood level might influence intergenerational outcomes, independently of the structure of children's immediate families.
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From page 168... ...
NOTES: A married-parent family is defined as a living arrangement in which the child's mother and father are married and present in the home, a mother and her married spouse are present in the home, or a father and his married spouse are present in the home. This includes biological parents, step-parents, adoptive parents, and both same- and opposite-sex married couples.
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From page 169... ...
Corresponding differences amount to 17 percentage points for Hispanic children, 30 percentage points for Black children, and 9 percentage points for Asian children. 77% White 88% 60% 88% Asian 92% 83% 62% Latino 76% 59% 38% Black 60% 30% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Overall College grad High school dropout FIGURE 7-2 Percent of children living with married parents, by race/ethnicity and education, 2019.
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From page 170... ...
NOTES: SPM poverty rates apply to the calendar year 2019 as reported in the March 2020 Current Population Survey. Estimates produced with the Census Bureau's public-use weights, which adjust for survey nonresponse related to the COVID-19 pandemic.
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From page 171... ...
found that adults who, as children, experienced the easing of legal requirements for divorce were less well educated, had lower family incomes, separated from a partner more often, and were at higher risk of suicide than those who had grown up in areas that had maintained stricter divorce laws. An obvious possible reason why married-parent family structure is associated with better child outcomes is that having two adults in the home means twice as many potential income earners relative to single-parent families.
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From page 172... ...
If parental family income explains most of the associations between family structure and intergenerational outcomes, this does not imply that differences in child outcomes would disappear if families without two married parents in the home were simply given more money. Factors associated with a married, two-parent family structure, such as stability, a nurturing home environment, health insurance coverage, home ownership, and paternal involvement, may have independent effects on intergenerational mobility (Ribar, 2015)
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From page 173... ...
While differences in family characteristics explain little of the Black-White income gap across generations, there is a striking association between Black father presence in neighborhood and secondgeneration outcomes for Black males. Although not a causal study, the specific nature of these correlations rules out broad mechanisms that would affect both genders and races (such as differences in the quality of schools)
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From page 174... ...
FAMILY STRUCTURE INTERVENTIONS A number of social policies might influence the decisions that teens and adults make about family composition, but recent reviews conclude that the existing literature on marriage incentives and disincentives provides little reason to believe that current social policies have had a substantial impact (e.g., National Academies, 2019a, Chapter 7)
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