Fire research abstracts and reviews Volume 13, 1971 (1971) / Chapter Skim
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AN INTRODUCTION TO COMBUSTION CHEMISTRY W G BERL Applied Physics Laboratory, The Johns Hopkins University Introdwtion The question we are asked to discuss is*
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154 F I R E E E S E A R C H to ask is: Is it possible to predict the tune history of a fire from information that might be found m an appropriate design handbook? I want first, however, to place fires mto the more general contejct of reactions grouped together under the terms "Combustion and Oxidation." One cannot help but be astonished by the extraordmary subtleties which nature (and man)
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ABSTRACTS AND R E V I E W S 155 due to experimental difficulties which do not permit sufficiently rapid heating and cooling to study the behavior of complex systems under isothermal conditions, although shock tube mvestigations are beginning to fill the gap.' In the regime of "hot" flame reactions we distmgmsh two pathways for transformmg reactants mto products- In "premixed" systems m which fuel and oxidizer are mixed on a molecular scale (or, as m monopropellants, exists m the same molecule) flame propagation is made possible m a steep temperature and composition gradient by an elegant combmation of heat flow and diffusion from the hot combustion products mto the unreacted mixture, coupled with chemical reactions within the combustion wave.
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156 F I R E R E S E A R C H The questions I want to explore are: What can be said about the speed of progress of a fire m such a situation? Can effects of changes m fuel arrays be predicted?
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ABSTRACTS AND E E V I E W S 157 vaponzation, the thermal properties of the fuel and the temperature of the flame mto the analysis With hqmds an additional flow process of convective mmng of heated fuel with cold hqmd occurs ahead of the flame' which mfluences the vapor generation rate No analysis of more complex fuel arrays (such as sohd fuel cnbs) has as yet been made, but chenucal reactions appear adequately fast and do not set the limit on the rate of flame propagation, as long as the system is situated well withm the flammabdity regime As m the igmtion case or the steady-state burning (next section)
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158 FIRE HESEABCH Convection Column In the absence of confining walls, the properties of turbulent buoyant colmnns above a source of heat are reasonably well understood. Sunilarly, the composition and temperature profiles of convection columns above bunung fuels have also been adequately analyzed.'" An mterestmg problem m fire propagation arises rf the combustion takes place inside an enclosure.
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ABSTRACTS AND REVIEWS 159 Inhibition and Extinction Existing fire can be brought under control if ignition and propagation are prevented. In the present example this can occur in several ways and by several modes The effect of water is predommantly through its mterference with the gasification of sohd fuels It also can affect the temperature of the fire convection column and, thereby, mterfere with the igmtion of ceihngs or waUs by convection.
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160 PraB RESEARCH Hydrocarbona," Thirteenth Symposium (International) on Combustion, p.
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