Science in the Americas Cooperation of the Scientists and Engineers of the Americas in Furthering Scientific Training and Research (1960) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 106-126
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From page 106... ...
The most obvious problem facing Latin America's development is its demographic increase. Recent numbers given by McElvey foresee a population of 500 million people at the end of the cen- tury.
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From page 107... ...
fish not yet commercially explored insures that the world of water may provide the necessary protein quota for all our present pop- ulation. In Brazil, for instance, the Amazon basin would be suffi- cient.
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From page 108... ...
isolation of reserpine has renewed the interest in research around these problems.
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From page 109... ...
physics of Rio de Janeiro and the Institut du Radium of Paris considering this possibility is underway. Another scientific project that has to be developed deals with human biology of Indian tribes which may still be found in isolated spots and in a primitive status.
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From page 110... ...
and it will constantly improve the living standards of all people, leveling inept social deficiencies still present in our world. It will bring as a result a better distribution of wealth and an improve- ment at the educational level.
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From page 111... ...
Basic Research in Social Sciences in Latin America Howard F Cline' Obstacles to basic research in the social sciences in Latin America tend to differ but little from the major problems sur- rounding the same sort of social science research in the United States of America or elsewhere.
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From page 112... ...
itself a "science" have never had the magic appeal in the Hispanic areas (Luso-Brazilian, Hispano-American) that they exercised in the United States of America and in northern and western Europe.
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From page 113... ...
Conversely, results of Latin American research do not appear in vehicles necessarily comparable to those in the United States and a large part of Europe. Materials on the social sciences are as likely to emerge in law reviews or a philosophical journal as in specialized periodicals dedicated to a particular specialty.
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From page 114... ...
stress the necessary. Research as such has to be utilitarian, prac- tical, to justify expenditures of public funds, never abundant.
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From page 115... ...
similar process, has begun to revolutionize historiography, largely through liaison with North American and European historians who have imparted modern methods and theories to a highly selected group of young nationals. In like fashion sociology and related social sciences in Brazil received an enormous impetus from a somewhat similar arrangement at the Escola Livre in Sao Paulo.
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From page 116... ...
Applied Research in Public Health in Latin America Myron E Wegman" As the first speaker on this panel I should like to begin by giving my definition of applied research as investigation of problems directly affecting the daily existence of the people or study of ways to translate so-called basic research into action for the benefit of people.
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From page 117... ...
and other similar countries in relation to older age groups, mental hygiene, and prevention of accidents. In an absolute sense, these problems are important in every country, but, in possibly two- thirds of the world, disease and death, which are preventable in the light of current scientific knowledge, still decimate the popula- tion and relegate to lower priority the problems which exercise the United States.
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From page 118... ...
administrative research, but they are basic to the scientific achievements of malaria eradication. Much however remains to be done.
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From page 119... ...
and effectiveness. Vaccination programs using live vaccine have been or are now being carried out, notably in Colombia, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and Mexico.
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From page 120... ...
for infection. This is of vital importance in areas with generally poor sanitation.
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From page 121... ...
preventive activities not possible in other parts of the world. For example the United States went through a stage of insisting that preventive activities for children be separated from curative but is now swinging back to emphasis on the need for both serv- ices to be carried out by the same physician.
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From page 122... ...
setting up of the World Health Organization, more nearly adequate financial support has been available for the Pan Ameri- can Health Organization, but even then international support to research has had to be limited to the most immediately pressing practical problems. A related advantageous factor has been that training in public health is carried out in the various schools throughout the Ameri- cas in a manner much more similar than is true with many other scientific fields.
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From page 123... ...
Science and Engineering as Related to Industry and Commerce D Reid Weedon, Jr.
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From page 124... ...
What then can the technical man in Latin America do to expand the opportunities for himself, his associates, and his nation? In 1937 long before industrial development became a recognized objective in Puerto Rico, Rafael Fernandez-Garcia, head of the Chemistry Department in the University of Puerto Rico, was writing and talking about the opportunities for industry on the island.
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From page 125... ...
Fulfilling the Government's requirements does not mean that feasibility of the proposed business has been adequately evaluated. Before a new venture is started, the engineer needs to accept the responsibility for seeing that a complete feasibility study has been concluded.
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From page 126... ...
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