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From page 37... ... ABSTRACTS AND R E V I E W S 265 TRANSLATION SOVIET ABSTRACT JOURNAL: Section 68. Fire Protection Series (Notes and translation of March 1972 issue) Read the entire page →
From page 38... ... 266 F I R E R E S E A R C H articles, specifically, 5 of 27 Finmsh, 4 of 18 Japanese, and 4 of 33 Russian The few papers in these languages treated beyond title citation only, were sparingly abstracted From the scant information at hand at this time, no logical reason comes to mind why this should be so From a selfish viewpoint, i t is especially unfortunate that the Soviet hterature is not covered in greater depth, for i t is evident that a substantial amount of research is in progress in the fire sciences m that country and interest m the subject area is high We can only speculate on this point, because it is possible that Soviet literature is expected to be known to readers in that country, or the neglected articles do not contain information considered sufficiently substantive for abstracting With regard to information value, most of the abstracts are quite informative There seems to be a tendency toward enumeration of fire statistics, so that even a brief article, such as "USA Fire Deaths" in the March 1972 issue of Fire Protection Reviews is treated in fine detail No article of a statistical nature seems to escape the attention of the selection board News items, historical reminiscences, personality sketches, visits, editorial comments, letters to the editor, and the like are not cited, unless they contain some indication of present or future trends in fire protection service orgamzation, or the introduction of new eqmpment, codes, or techniques Wherever practical or necessary for clarity, tables and illustrations are provided This is especially true of articles relating to patents and eqmpment To demonstrate the types of articles selected for abstracting, the tables of contents of several prominent fire journals with indication of cited articles are given in Exhibit I In proofreading the copy, one of the authors was startled by the value of 50 kg of fallout per m ' m abstract No 51, q v The original reads in part "Firebrand densities were 50 per 100 sq f t although in one locahzed area a density of 500 per 100 sq f t was found " Also in the same abstract a house characterized as a splitlevel, namely "one half of which was one floor, the other half two-stoned" is m fact a two and one-half story farmhouse Otherwise, this abstract is fair for the first half of the original Several interesting results in the remainder of the original could have been mentioned to give a better representation of the entire paper This discovery led to a spot check of other abstracts to evaluate the general quahty of abstracting Three other articles of a statistical nature were checked, but no discrepancies were noted Worthy of appreciation is the diligence with which the selections board must scan the world literature to cull fire or fire-protection related articles from the mass available The 803 entries found in this survey represented more than 200 journals, plus books, patents, and standards literature Naturally, most of the obvious fire journals are regularly abstracted, as can be seen from Exhibit I I , a list of fire technology journals from Vlrich's International Periodicals Directory, 1971-72 The regularly abstracted journals are denoted by an asterisk Some of the fire journals not indicated as being abstracted regularly may have been, but outside the period reviewed (quarterhes, for example) Most of the journals not regularly abstracted are represented m the review period by only one or two issues, usually one The scope of the technical and scientific journals scanned can be seen from the field-orionted hst given in Exhibit I I I Engineering in all its aspects (general, mechamcal, civil, etc ) Read the entire page →
From page 39... ... ABSTRACTS AND R E V I E W S 267 Close attention is paid to the patent literature, as illustrated in the Exhibit IV. No fewer than 114 of the entries related to patent literature, the U.S. Read the entire page →
From page 40... ... 268 FIHB RESEARCH A Popovskiy. Read the entire page →
From page 41... ... ABSTRACTS AND REVIEWS 269 * Angus extend at Thames 99 * Read the entire page →
From page 42... ... 270 FIRE RESEARCH Exhibit n. Fire technology journals cited by Ulrich's FIRE PREVENTION * Read the entire page →
From page 43... ... ABSTRACTS AND REVIEWS 271 * BRANDVERHUETUNG UND BRANDBEKAEMPFUNG q D M 6 50 Feuersozietaet Berlin, Am Karlsbad 4-5, 1 Berlin 30, W Germany BRANDWACHT, Fachschrift fuer Feurrschutz 1946 m D M 9 60 Bayerisches Landesamt fuer Brand- und Katastrophenschutz, Puendterplatz 5, 8 Mumch 23, W Germany adv charts lUus circ 14,800 BRANDWEER 1945. Read the entire page →
From page 44... ... 272 FIRE RESEARCH FIRE FIGHTING I N CANADA 1957 bi-m $3 00 Ed Jack Gubbins Parkins Publishing Co L t d , 1215 Greene Ave, Montreal 215, Canada adv. Read the entire page →
From page 45... ... ABSTRACTS AND REVIEWS 273 * INSTITUTION OF FIRE ENGINEERS QUARTERLY 1941 q Ed Peter Lush Institution of Fure Engmeers, Publications Dept, 61 Broadmeadow Rd , ' Wyke Regis. Read the entire page →
From page 47... ... ABSTRACTS AND REVIEWS 275 Exhibit IV. Patents abstracted in RZh, by nation U.S 56 Great Britain 19 France 15 Soviet Union 10 Germany 3 Czechoslovakia 3 Switzerland. Read the entire page →
From page 48... ... 276 FIRE BESEARCH Spanish 2 Finnish 2 Czech • 2 Bulgarian 2 Norwegian 1 Hungarian 1 Romanian 1 ABSTRACT JOURNAL Section 68. FIRE PROTECTION (First Year of PubUcation) Read the entire page →
From page 49... ... ABSTRACTS AND REVIEWS 277 A mathematical model describing the process of controlhng fire protection forces IS studied The mathematical tool is optimal control theory, usmg ordinary differential equations The model permits consideration of a large number of different factors of practical importance (varying geometncal configurations of fires, urban and rural fires, natural obstructions preventing fire spread, e g , nvers, highways, weather conditions -- wind, humidity, temperature, topography) The model is capable of representing simultaneous fires The study of actual fires m real time can be combined in the model mth hypothetical predictions of their spread. Read the entire page →
From page 50... ... 278 FIRE RESEARCH IS recommended that the work of day-to-day inspection and prevention be entrusted to jumor officers and fireman ranks The British center for traimng and retraimng fire specialists at Moreton-on-Marsh can train the necessary personnel needed for the inspectorate To date, the knowledge of the fire protection personnel in fire prevention in the construction industry and especially theu- knowledge of legislative measures m this field is highly deficient The assistance of legal speciahsts is not often sohcited The extra cost of fire protection under the new fire act will amount to 0 25 milhon pounds in the first year, and will reach a maximum of one milhon pounds per annum The financing will not be a burden on the fire service, but on mumcipal authorities Note is made of the lack of information and pubhcity in the press with regard to the problems and needs of the fire service I t is assumed that It will take three to five years to strengthen the fire service to fulfill the tasks posed by the new law A A Rode UDC 614 841 45 3 3 68 4 [Limiting the hazard of fire spread] Kimball, Warren Y CONTROLLING EXPOSURE HAZARDS Fire Commandl, 1971, 38, No 11, 16-17 (Enghsh) Read the entire page →
From page 51... ... ABSTRACTS AND REVIEWS 279 UDC331 94 3.68 6 [Industrial inspection section m the Ministry of Trade and Industry] OUila, Olh TARKASTUSTOIMISTO KAUPPAJA TEOLLISUUSMINISTERlOSSA Palontorjuntatekmikka, 1971, No 1, 19-21 (Finmsh) Read the entire page →
From page 52... ... 280 FIRE RESEARCH UDC 658 386 3.68 10 [Physical traimng of firemen] Jaakkola, Erkki. Read the entire page →
From page 53... ... ABSTRACTS AND REVIEWS 281 from electrical faults The loss from these fires amounted to 13 5% of the total loss Fire, hght, and heat sources made up 25% of all fire mcidents, with losses amounting to 13 9% of the total Losses from fires caused by lightnmg amounted to 48 milhon shilhngs, that is, almost 10% of the total I t was found that most fires are due to violation of fire safety codes UDC 658 155:614 841 3 68 14. [Problems involved in reducing fire losses] Read the entire page →
From page 54... ... 282 FIRE RESEARCH substances can be used as additives Suggested m particular are substances contaimng water of crystalhzation (hydrated aluminum oxide, borates, etc ) The fire-retardant effect of these substances is based on the pnnciple of heat removal from the igmtion source by the evaporation of the water contained in the retardant Also considered are a number of substances whose decomposition products are capable of interacting chemically with the material being protected, vnth the formation (primanly) Read the entire page →
From page 55... ... ABSTRACTS AND REVIEWS 283 UDC 669 81:678 5 3.68 18 [Fire protection mechamsms for fluid (dripping) thermoplastic compounds] Read the entire page →
From page 56... ... 284 F I R E K E S E A H C H corresponding quantity of an aqueous solution of alkali (NaOH) The solvents were removed in a rotating evaporator at a temperature of SO'C. Read the entire page →
From page 57... ... ABSTRACTS AND R E V I E W S 285 under study The behavior of the finishes during the fire was monitored at four points distributed on the ceding and the upper half of the burn room and corridor I n all, 88 natural fires were simulated, including 18 real fires onginating in the bedroom, kitchen, study, anteroom, and pantry of an ordmary house, and 19 standard fires to determine the degree of influence of burn conditions on the finishes U D C 666.974.2 3 68.25. [Use of asbestos cement to increase the fire resistance of building structures] Read the entire page →
From page 58... ... 286 F I K E R E S E A H C H clothing Special clothing is needed for protection against fire and high temperatures, low temperatures, corrosive chemicals, radioactive radiation, and mechamcal damage The characteristics are given of various materials that can perform one or more of the above-mentioned protective functions simultaneously Several methods are described for determimng the extent to which these materials fit the special purpose, their inadequacy is noted, and i t is pointed out that a special committee of the International Standards Orgamzation (ISO) is engaged in developmg such methods 6 figs U D C 623 454 76 3 68 27 [Fire-resistant treatment of fiber materials] Read the entire page →
From page 59... ... ABSTRACTS AND R E V I E W S 287 UDC 536 46:677-48 3 68 28 [Burning of textile articles in homes] Potter, H B R A N D E V O N T E X T I L I E N I M H A U S H A L T Textilveredlung, 1971, 6, No 10, 671-674 (German, English summary) Read the entire page →
From page 60... ... 288 F I R E R E S E A R C H based on a thorough study of fire and explosion hazard in production, along wi th the development of recommendations to reduce the hazard to a tolerable level. I t is necessary to analyze not only new, but also old technological processes, since wi th the expansion of production they are subject to frequent and fundar mental change I n some plants major disasters occurred after th i r ty years of normal operation, and i t is practically impossible to set any defimte penod of operation beyond which safety would be fu l ly guaranteed I n the recommended methods of estimating hazard, particular attention is devoted to a broad study of normal and emergency production conditions After determimng the hazardous situations, i t is necessary to estimate the probability of occurrence and the possible consequences of each situation The basic aim of prevention is ehmmation of hazards f rom working areas The company is conducting systematic laboratory investigations of the fire-hazard indexes of flammable flmds, gases, dust, and condensed systems The test methods being used are varied and not yet standardized The rehabihty of a method is being estabhshed by testing a number of substances wi th well-known igmtion hmits The igmtion hmits for a high imtial pressure are determined in a closed vessel made of stainless steel The vessel has an inner spherical cavity wi th a volume of 6 hters and is capable of withstanding pressures up to 350 kg/cm* Read the entire page →
From page 61... ... ABSTRACTS AND R E V I E W S 289 vals, depending on the plate temperature Aerosols igmted f rom contact wi th the plates The explosive power of the vessels was appreciable Fragments penetrated concrete barricades of 10 to 15 cm thickness Vessels exploding m a vertical position rose to heights of 50 m I n the horizontal position, fragments traveled up to 50 feet Sometimes explosions were accompanied by the formation of a fire ball of several meters diameter Fires do not occur when careful storage and use of aerosols are observed The extinction of aerosol fires m plants is hindered by strong explosions I I Myagkov U D C 536 46 3 68.32 [Temperature fields during the propagation of a fire i n a mine] Kennedy, M T E M P E R A T U R E D I S T R I B U T I O N S D O W N - W I N D OF M O V I N G M I N E FIRES J Phys D- Awl Phys, 1971, 4, No 10, 1493-1498 (Enghsh) Read the entire page →
From page 62... ... 290 F I R E R E S E A R C H U D C 620.1.05:536.46 3.68.35. [ A heat-flux meter] Read the entire page →
From page 63... ... ABSTRACTS AND R E V I E W S 291 during a fire Moreover, they require the installation of warning systems and fireextinguishing equipment in areas where personnel are endangered in case of fire Fires are classified by types of flammable materials, and the general principles of their extinction by modern equipment are considered Attention is devoted to the physical-chemical features of extinction by concentrated water streams, spray and fog, snowy and gaseous CO', chemically and mechanically produced air foams, various dry powders and bromoethylene compositions E D Roev U D C 614 841 3:351 824 1 3 68 38 [Fire prevention in industry] Kirschner, Ulrich B R A N D S C H U T Z I N I N D U S T R I E U N D V E R W A L T U N G Werkstatt und Belt, 1971, No 10, 785790, 5, 6, 7 (German, English, French, Spamsh summaries) Read the entire page →
From page 64... ... 292 F I R E R E S E A R C H the secondary fire protection system depends on a correct evaluation of the circumstances attendmg the accident See also Engineering Digest, "Fire Protection" series. No 2, summary 12 U D C 614.841 3:665.66:553.982 3 68.41 [Fire protection of oil-well platforms and traimng of workers] Read the entire page →
From page 65... ... ABSTRACTS AND R E V I E W S ~ 293 U D C 614 841 3 3.68.44. [Protective measures after polyvinylchloride fires] Read the entire page →
From page 66... ... 294 F I R E R E S E A R C H area of the powder particles, to decomposition (this effect is not produced by all powders, e g , sodium hydrocarbonate decomposes m flame to sodium carbonate, water vapor, and carbon monoxide) , and to anti-catalysis, i e , to deceleration of the combustion reaction The latter effect plays a decisive role To protect the deck of a tanker, i t is possible to use a small self-contained powder device (PLO) Read the entire page →
From page 67... ... ABSTRACTS AND R E V I E W S 295 completely replaced after a fire, since deformation of the frames make i t impossible to use automatic load-handling equipment I t is considered necessary to construct a fire-warning and an automatic fire-extinguishing system, general rules for the construction of such systems are outhned 3 figs U D C 614 841 3.814 3:537 2 3 68 49 [Reduction of the electrostatic hazard] Redding, R J ELECTROSTATIC H A Z A R D R E D U C T I O N Chem Process, (Gt B r i t ) Read the entire page →
From page 68... ... 296 F I R E R E S E A R C H wall apertures the fire spread over the whole volume m one hour I n the next 10 mm the fire penetrated through the roof, fed by the asphalt, generating a large quantity of thick, black smoke The maximum concentration of CO and CO2, respectively, was 1 3 6 and 3 7 % , the oxygen content was less than 1 7 % , the gas pressure beneath the roof was approximately 3 5 mm HjO The third experiment in a service station showed that roof panels caved in considerably as a result of fire action and cement blocks exhibited numerous fractures, ruhng out any further use of these structures Interestmg results of fire effects m barrier structures of urban-type buildmgs under study were also obtained in the rest of the tests, Nos 4r-8 V G Ohmpiyev UDC 6 1 4 . Read the entire page →
From page 69... ... ABSTRACTS AND R E V I E W S 297 the fire valve providing a fire-hose connection even i f the stairwell door is closed I n steel-shell buildmgs the ceUings are equipped wi th suspended cement-plastic slabs, providing for a two-hour fire resistance l imit in the complex The cementplaster-clad steel columns and walls separatmg the corridors and apartments have the same fire resistance The remforced-concrete beams, columns, and walls of the garage provide four-hour fire resistance, the walls of the stairwells and the elevator and smoke-ventilating shafts have a two-hour resistance, and the main doors along evacuation routes 1 5 hours 1 fig V G Olimpiyev U D C 614 841 3:69 032 3.68 54. [Fire safety in ta l l buddings] Read the entire page →
From page 70... ... 298 F I R E R E S E A R C H devices to ensure rapid evacuation of people without pamc I f i t is required to evacuate certain numbers of people m a rigorously specified penod of time, i t is necessary to have an adequate number of evacuation routes and building exits, but i t must be considered that even when rapid evacuation is necessary, a crowd of people does not move toward exits immediately, but only after the lapse of a certam response-time interval During this period the evolution of smoke may lead to pamc Evacuation phases consist of the following stages the estabhshment of an imtial fire build-up level, e g , by automatic pick-ups, the alarm needed to bring the fire-extinguishmg equipment into action, preparation of evacuation measures without pamc, evacuation proper A calculation of the speed of evacuation IS made, using a large store building as an example, on the basis of the following data floor area of 1,000 m' , people located on al l three floors, on the first floor the exits are located at floor level, commumcation to the upper floors is via side stairs, the traffic capacity of the stairs is 45 people per mm per umt width of 0 6 m , the traffic capacity of the first floor is 6 0 people per min for the same umt width at a speed of 60 m per sec, the length of the evacuation route in the stairwell for one floor is 10 m The number of people to be evacuated from the various floors is determined from 0 2 to 1 0 person/m' of floor area, dependmg on the height of floor location The total width of staurwells, evacuation routes, and building exits are determined as a function of the number of floors in the bmlding (by a nomogram) See also Engineering Digest "Fire Protection" scries, 1972, No 2, summary 18 U D C 697 9 3 68 56. Read the entire page →
From page 71... ... ABSTRACTS AND R E V I E W S 299 U D C 697 9 (088 8) 3 68 58 P Maybury, John Will iam I M P R O V E M E N T S I N OR R E L A T I V E TO A D A M P E R A R R A N G E M E N T FOR V E N T I L A T I N G OR O T H E R DUCTS [Amberley Engmeenng Co L t d ] Read the entire page →
From page 72... ... 300 FIRE RESEARCH Fire Technology (For pubhcations on stabihty, maneuverability, reliability, loading, and safety of fire vehicles, see also issue 02A "Automobile Construction " For fire equipment and fire apparatus, see also separate issue No 33, "Communal, domestic, and commercial appliances ") UDC 614 844 1/.9 3.68.62 MODERN FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENT USELESS WITHOUT PROPER TRAINING Plant Adnim and Eng, 1971, 30, No 10, 36-38 (English) Read the entire page →
From page 73... ... ABSTRACTS AND REVIEWS 301 UDC 614.846.6 3 68 65. [ U S fire and emergency vehicles] Read the entire page →
From page 74... ... 302 FIRK RESEARCH With respect to rail travel, effect of bank angles, traction, stability, cornering, etc I f i g L M Kuznetsov UDC 614.846.6 3 68.69. [Apparatus] Read the entire page →
From page 75... ... ABSTRACTS AND REVIEWS 303 UDC 614 843 8 3 68 73 A FOAM ANSWER TO YOUR FIRE PROBLEM Ftre Prot Rev , 1971, 34, No 373, 431 (English) The fire apphance company is oflfering new models of equipment An aqueous foam momtor capable of throwing a stream 21 3 m vertically at the rate of 173 hters/sec, a water stream throw of 59 3 m or foam stream of 50 m A medium (100 to 150:1) Read the entire page →
From page 76... ... 304 FIRE RESEARCH UDC 629.735.45:614.842.6 3 68.76. [HeUcopter fire equipment] Read the entire page →
From page 77... ... ABSTRACTS AND REVIEWS 305 clothmg to evacuate people in case of accident, turn off machinery, and turn on the fire extinguishmg eqmpment UDC 614.843 8 3 68.79 [High-expansion HS-2000 generator foam] Hiltunen, Erkki KEVYTVAAKTOTUISKO, HS-2000 PAKKASKAYTTOON SOVELTUVA SUURITEHOINEN VAAHTASAMMUTIN Palontorjunta, 1971, 22, No 3, 146-147, 118 (Finnish, Swedish and English summaries) Read the entire page →
From page 78... ... 306 FIRE RESEARCH UDC 614 845 1.2 3 68 83 [Hand extinguishers] FIRE EXTINGUISHER RANGE Garage and Transp Equip , 1971, 17, No 10, 58 (English) Read the entire page →
From page 79... ... ABSTRACTS AND REVIEWS 307 UDC 614 842 615 (088 8) 3 68 87 P [Additives to foaming agent] Read the entire page →
From page 80... ... 308 FIRE RESEARCH by hehcopters, which were also used as mobile command posts, to transport doctors and equipment, etc City water tank trucks were widely used The cost of Fire Department operations was $133,000, mcludmg salaries and overtime pay, amortization of apparatus and equipment, and replacement of damaged eqmpment. Repay of Fu-e Department buildmgs is estimated at $140,000 UDC 614.841 45 3.69 90 [Lessons from a skyscraper fire] Read the entire page →
From page 81... ... ABSTRACTS AND REVIEWS 309 thane, and nylon The loading platform with driveway was located inside the entrance The basements of two buildmgs contained a dimng room and kitchen, archival files, children's bicycles, chairs, tables, etc V P Smirnov See also Engineering Digest, "Fire Protection" section, 1971, No 2, abstract 17 UDC 614.841:629 12 3 68 94 [Ship fire] Hemila, VUjo PARI VIIKKOA KETANYT LAIVAPALO RAUMALLA Palontorjunta, 1971, 22, No 4, 175-179, 168 (Fimush, Swedish and English summaries) Read the entire page →
From page 82... ... 310 FIRE RESEARCH the hquid The preventer at the outlet w as replaced after the gushmg was stopped The second wild well had a depth of 2220 m Igmtion occurred so suddenly that the dnlhng crew could not close the preventer The fire and gushmg were stopped by pumpmg a solution into the well through the drill hole The cause of the fires was not deternuned 1 fig UDC 614 841:678 5 3 6.99 [Two plastics fires] Friend, Dick PLASTICS -- TWO FIRE REPORTS Fire Command! Read the entire page →
From page 83... ... ABSTRACTS AND REVIEWS 311 UDC 634.043 3 68.101. [Discussion of forest fire fighting methods in the Ministry of Internal Affairs] Read the entire page →
From page 84... ... 312 FIRE RESEARCH ends of a bmlding, the system is more sensitive to a fire that occurs closer to the laser Sensitivity is smoothed out if the laser and photoelement are mounted on the same wall, with a mirror reflector on the opposite wall The mirror must be rigidly fixed to avoid false alarms A comer reflector mcreases reliability and simplifies the installation and use of the system Compared with traditional detectors, the laser system is more highly sensitive to smoke and heat and has a larger area of coverage New fire resistant materials are discussed (1) an agent combimng carbon dioxide with bromochlorodifluoromethane and (2) Read the entire page →
From page 85... ... ABSTRACTS AND REVIEWS 313 washer The thermal conductivity of this washer is insigmficant Therefore the maximum value of a change m temperature is reached in less than 20 microsec Thermal detectors of this type make it possible to read time-temperaturc characteristics of surfaces and all thermal calculations are made by usmg one-dimensional theory of thermal conductivity Rhodium and platinum thermoelements can be used m a wide range of temperatures and have a long lifetime 3 figs UDC 625 748 56 3.68.109 [Investigation of the effective distance of infrared radiation from flames for long-range fire detector systems] Matsui Matsunaga, Tsutsumi Suteo, and Takagi Tom A STUDY ON THE OPERATING WAVELENGTH REGION OF INFRARED REMOTE FIRE SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM Bunko kenkuyu (J. Read the entire page →
From page 87... ... ABSTRACTS AND REVIEWS 315 Hydrological Investigation on Unconfined Water as a Source for Fire Fighting 110 Inhibition of Methane -- Air Mixtures and the Problem of the Safety of Explosives 55 Methods of Evaluating Fire-Retardant Treatments for Wood Shingles.. 233 Optimum Fire Resistance of Structures 54 Prescribed Burning 112 Relation Between Fire Load and Temperature at Tests of Concrete and Wood Partitions According to D I N 4102 236 Safe Distances from Wired-Glass Screening a Fire 236 Simulated Crash Tests as Means of Rating Aircraft Safety Fuels 110 Station Siting in Peterborough and Market Deeping 53 Storage Properties of Four Foam Liquids 232 Visibility through Fire Smoke: Visibility of Monochromatic Signs through Fire Smoke 107 Wooden Laboratory Cupboards for the Fire Protection of Solvents.... Read the entire page →
From page 88... ... 316 F I R E R E S E A R C H D Propagation of Fires Aviation Fuel Fire Behavior Study 61 Characteristics of Full-Scale Fires in Various Occupancies 62 Combustion of Polyurethane Foam in an Experimental Mine Roadway 64 Firebrand Field Studies 123 Flame Propagation of Burning Solid Material with Moisture 247 Flame Spreading Across Liquid Fuels 122 Flammability Properties of Jet Fuels and Techniques for Fire and Explosion Suppression 121 Measurements of the Dynamics of Structural Fires 246 Model of Fire Spread 63 Possibility of the Occurrence of Fuel-Rich Mine Fires 122 Project Flambeau -- An Investigation of Mass Fire, 1964-1967 61 Turbulent Burning Rate 245 E . Read the entire page →
From page 89... ... ABSTRACTS AND R E V I E W S 317 Studies on the Required Quantity of Various Fire Extinguishing Agents: Part 4. The Case of Fire-Fighting Foam 133 Studies on the Required Quantity of Various Fire Extinguishing Agents : Part 5. Read the entire page →
From page 90... ... 318 F I R E H E S E A R C H H . Chemical Aspects of Fires Absolute Measurements of Rate CoeflScients for the Reactions of Hydrogen and Oxygen Atoms with Hydrogen Peroxide and Water.. Read the entire page →
From page 91... ... ABSTRACTS AND R E V I E W S 319 I Physical Aspects of Fires Electrostatic Charging in the Handling of Aviation Fuels 148 Heat Transfer above a Small Ground Fire 148 Optical Study of Preignition Heat Release 254 Pyrolysis of a Slab of Porous Material 89 Rates of Spread of Some Wind-Driven Fires 89 Spectral Distribution of Radiant Energy of a Gas-Fired Radiant Panel and Some Diffusion Flames 146 Studies on Generating Mechanism of High Expansion Air Foam: I I . Read the entire page →
From page 92... ... 320 F I R E HBSBAHCH M Model Studies and Scaling Laws Fires in the Timber Linings of Mine Roadways: A Comparison of Data from Reduced-Scale and Large-Scale Experiments 158 Modeling Individual and Multiple Building Fires 261 Modeling of Ceilmg Fires 93 Model Test of Smokeproof Tower under Enforced Heating 157 N Read the entire page →
From page 93... ... ABSTRACTS AND R E V I E W S 321 PERIODICALS Fire Research Notes 1957-1967 98 Fire Research Notes 1968-1971 98 Joint Fire Research Organization Fire Research Notes, January 1970Marchl972 170 National Bureau of Standards Technical Note 498 98 National Fire Protection Association Publications 1972 98 National Swedish Building Research Institute Publications 1944-1969.. 99 National Swedish Building Research Institute Publications 1970-1971.. Read the entire page →
From page 94... ... 322 F I R E R E S E A R C H Beardshall, D , 162 Beer, J . M., 138 Belton, M , 164 Bennett, J . Read the entire page →
From page 95... ... ABSTRACTS AND R E V I E W S 323 Inman, L H , 124 Isoda, H , 57 Ives, J M , 92 Jm, T , 107 Jones, D H , 109, 109 Jones, T A , 153 Kalelkar, A S , 247 Kanury, A Murty, 24 Karagulov, F A , 125 Kashiwagi, T , 57 Keck, J C,87 Kim, J S,73 Kmg, N K , 149, 150 Kishitani, K , 255 Khmchik, G V , 262 Kokurm, A D , 136 Kollmann, F F P , 81 Kordma, K , 236 Kroesser, F W , 73 Kuroda, Y , 157 Kuvshinoff, B W , 227, 265 Kutcha, J M , 78, 137 Kwentus, G K , 72 Lastnna, F A , 73 Laughndge, F 1, 95 Law, M , 236 Lawson, D 1, 263 Lee, B T , 95, 261 Lee, T G , 159 Lewis, A , 148 Lie, T T , 54, 169 Lipska, A E , 95, 124, 251 Lord, H , 163 MacArthur, D A , 149, 150, 252 Macdonald, B W , 57 Macdonald, J A., 138 Maciven, R , 122 MacLean, D 1, 250 Magee, R S , 73 Magnussen, B F , 76 Makeev, V 1, 125 Malhotra, H L , 239 Martm, S B , 56 Maxwell, F D , 262 McAlevy, R F , I I I , 73 McCarter, R J , 159 McCracken, D J , 80 McElwain, D L S , 86 McKeo, R G , 95 Mcyer-Ottens, C , 236 Mihlfeith, C M , 153 Miller, R L E , 110 Morikawa, T , 127 Monya, T , 127 Moscley, G E , 240 Murphy, J N., 137 Murray, W L , 117 Nakajima, K , 120 Nakakuki, A , 128 Nayuki, K , 157 Nichols, J R , 95, 155 Nil, R , 146, 160 Nilsson, L , 111 Nuruzzaman, A S M , 138 O'Dell, A , 162 Oettcl, H , 91 Ohlcmiller, T J , 57 Orloff, L , 93 Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, 61 Packham, D R , 148, 149, 150, 252 Padley, P J , 82 Pagni, P J , 112 Palmer, K N., 67 Panton, R L , 89 Pearce, N S , 71 PhilUps, H , 69 Pluss, E , 113 Polygma, L G , 136 Powell, F , 118 Pownall, C , 70 Pritchard, H 0 , 86 Purt, G A , 113 Rae, D , 60, 162 Rittmann, J G , 89 Roberts, A F , 75, 122, 143, 158, 252 Robertson, A F Read the entire page →
From page 96... ... 324 F I R E R E S E A R C H Rogowski, Z W , 248 Rothermel, R Read the entire page →
From page 97... ... ABSTRACTS AND R E V I E W S 325 CUMULATIVE INDEX OF SUBJECTS FOR VOLUME 14 Y E A R 1972 Acetaldehyde, 260 Acetylene-fluorme flames, 250 Acetylene-oxygen, 141 Acrolem, 260 Air drop, fire retardants, 66 Air flow, 61 Air temperatures, 246 Aircraft crashes, 110, 139 Aircraft crash fires, 67 Aircraft fires, 126, 247 Aircraft fuel fires, 61 Aircraft fuel safety, 110 Aircraft fuels, 137 Aircraft safety, 140 Ammoma-fluonne flames, 250 Ammomum phosphotungstate, 261 Ammal expenments, 255 Apartment fire load. 111 Aquifier, 110 Array tests, 261 Asphyxia, 259 Atmosphenc diffusion, 164 Atmospheric stabihty, 91 ' Atonuc flames, 141 Auxihary fire fightmg agents, 247 Auxihary fire fightmg systems, 247 Bibhography, Safety m Mmes Research Estabhshment, 164 Blast effects, 261 Blasts, 68 Blowoff hmits, 126 Brands, 123 Breathabihty of foams, 154 Brush fires, 72, 150 Bubbles, 146 Buildmg codes, 243 Buildmg fires, 163, 236, 239 Buildmg materials, 159, 255 Buildmg separation, 243 Buildmgs, 54 Buildmgs, calonmetry, combustibihty, 136 Buildings, construction, matenals, codes, 71 Bum out of sprays, 138 Burmng, 91 Burmng brand test (Class C) Read the entire page →
From page 98... ... 326 F I R E R E S E A R C H Concrete, 236 Convection, 148 Convective columns, 61 Cotton, 251 Cool flames, 85 Cnb fires, 89 Curtains, igmtion by, 59 DIN 4102, 236 DTA, 81 Damage assessment, 54 Damkohker's first number, 126 Deaths, 259 Decomposition, 144 Decomposition products, 251 Defoaming agents, 124 Detection of fire, 120 Detectors, 113 Detonation, 117 Dictionary, 165 Diffusion flame, 79, 140, 146, 252 Diffusion flame structure, 136 Dimensionless groups, 135 Dissociation, 86, 87 Distribution of emergency services, 156 Droplet burmng, 138 Dust, 158, 162 Dust explosions, 60 Djmamic behavior of structural fires, 246 ESR, 253 Education, 165 Effect of smoke on foam, 124 Effects of gravity, viscosity, and inertia, 79 Electnc cable testing, 232 Electrical equipment, 119, 248 Electrostatic chargmg of fuels, 148 Emergency service location, 156 Emulsified fuels, 140 Ethane-oxygen flames, 84 Ethylene-air, 254 Ethylene-air flames, 252 Ethylene-fluonne flames, 250 Ethylene-oxygen flames, 84 Evaporation and flame propagation, 247 Exploding wires, 243 Explosion gallery, 162 Explosion proof, 119 Explosion protection, 138 Explosions, 117, 119, 248 Explosions, coal dust, 60 Explosibihty, 67 Explosives, 55, 114 Extinction, 128 Extmgmshants, 65, 133 Extmguisher, 130 Extmgmshmg, 125, 130 Extingmshing liquid fuel fires, 67 Extmguishmg agents, 126, 232 Extinguishing measures radioisotope facility fires, 127 Extmguishment, 68, 133, 134 Fallout shelters, 54 Fire, 96, 125 Fire accidents in hyperbaric and hypobanc chambers, 155 Fire behavior, 61, 239 Fire casualties, 259 Fire cause, 260 Fire control, 71, 91 Fire department officers, operational, 92 Fire detection, 262 Fire detectors, 165 Fire extmgmshants, 143 Fire extmguishers, 126 Fire extmgmshmg systems, 126 Fire extmgmshment, 247 Fire fighting water source, 110 Fire hazard, 64, 137, 239 Fire house location, 156 Fire intensity, 136 Fire loads. 111, 236 Fire mappmg, 262 Fire performance, 233 Fire prevention, 95 Fire problem, 165 Fire protection, 54, 71, 113, 138, 240 Fu-e research, 261 Fire research, European, 263 Fire research facihties, 96 Fire resistance, 54, 236 Fire retardant pamts, 232 Fire retardants, 66, 113, 233, 241 Read the entire page →
From page 99... ... ABSTRACTS AND R E V I E W S 327 Fire safety, 71 Fire situations, 92 Fire spread, 72, 164 Fire spread model, 63 Fire spread rate, 89 Fire statistics, 260 Fire storms, 61 Fire temperature, 236 Fire tests, 159 Fire victims, 259 Firebrands, 123 Fire-fighting foam, 124 Fires, 62 Fires, brush, 150 Fires in ceilings, 93 Fires in liquid fuel, 128 Fires in mines, 122, 158 Fires in radioisotope facilities, 127 Flambeau, Project, 61 Flame arrester, 248 Flame chemistry, 80 Flame extinction, 80 Flame inhibition, 80, 141, 165 Flame proofing, 69 Flame propagation, 249 Flame propagation theory, 247 Flame spread, 73, 136 Flame spreading, 122 Flame spread waves, 74 Flame structure, 77, 78, 141 Flame traps, 69 Flame zone temperature, 61 Flameproof enclosures, 109, 109 Flames, 84 Flames and radiation, 252 Flaming igmtion, 251 Flammabihty, 121 Flammability, intumescent coatings, 153 Flammabihty limits, 78 Flammability of gases, 119 Flammable atmospheres, 107, 163 Flammable hqmds, 240 Flats, fire load in. I l l Fluidized-bed combustion, 249 Fluorel, 153 Fluonne-supported flames, 250 Fluorochemical, 232 Fluoroprotem, 232 Foam, 133, 146, 232 Foam-breathability, 154 Foam deterioration, 142 Foam generators, 160 Foam, metallic, 248 Foam, poljoirethane, 64 Foams, 65, 153 Foams, mtrogenous compounds, 143 Forest fires, 149 Formaldehyde, 260 Free burning fires, 72, 75 Free convective burning, 73 Free radicals, 82 Friction, ignition by, 118 Fuel beds, 73 Fuel fires, 149 Fuel, liquid, 130 Fuel moisture, 61 Fuel preheating, 72 Fuel safety, 110 Fuel surfaces, burning of, 73 Fuel tanks, 138 Fuel weight loss, 61 Fuel-nch fires, 122 Fuels, 118, 121, 122, 137, 139, 140 Furnace tests, 236 Furnishings, 136 Galleries, 60 Gaps, 109 Gas toxicity, 153 Gases, flammabihty, 119 Gases, ignition, 118 Gas-fire panel, 146 Glass panels, 236 Glycme-ferric compounds, 142 Grashof number, 73 Gray Radiator, 243 Ground fire suppression, 247 Ground water table, 110 Halocarbons, 125 Halogenated hydrocarbons, 65 Halogen inhibition, 69 Heat flux, 61, 163 Heat of reaction, 252 Heat release, 136, 254 Heat transfer, 148 Read the entire page →
From page 100... ... 328 F I R E R E S E A R C H Heatmg, 157 High-expansion foam, 124, 146 High-molecular-weight inorgamc additives, 251 Hot oxidizmg gas igmtion of polymers, 57 Hot-wire anemometer, 94 Hydrocarbon-air chemical kinetics, 116 Hydrocarbon combustion, 80 Hydrocarbon oxidations, 84 Hydrocarbons, 58 Hydrocarbons, branched chain, 85 Hydrogen-air flames, 69, 78 Hydrogen atom, 87 Hydrogen atom recombination, 83 Hydrogen bromide inhibition by flame structure, 70 Hydrogen chloride, 144 Hydrogen-fluonne-ammoma flames, 250 Hydrogen-fluorme flame structure, 78 Hydrogen-fluonne flames, 250 Hydrogen-mtrous oxide flames, 69 Hydrogen-oxygen flames, 77 Hydrogen-oxygen-nitrogen flames, 82, 125 Hydrogen-oxygen reaction, 84 Hydrogen peroxide, 87 Hydrological, 110 Hyperperoxy radical, 85 IR detectors, 262 ISO-R 1060, 236 Igmtion, 56, 57, 58, 114, 116, 118, 118, 244, 254 Igmtion by curtains, 59 Igmtion of flammable atmospheres, 243 Igmtion of polymers, 57, 57 Igmtion temperatures, 254 Impact, Ignition by, 118 Inflow wmds, 246 Infrared fire detector, 120 Inhibited flames, 70 Inhibition, 55, 125, 141, 141 Inhibition by halogens, 69 Instrumentation, 162 Interferometry, 261 Intermediates of pyrolysis, 143 Irradiation, thermal, 56 Isocyanurate foams, 153 Isothermal pyrolysis of cotton, 251 Jet flames, 140 Jets, 162 Johns Hopkins Umversity, Physics Laboratory, 165 Applied Kerosene smoke, 260 Kinetics, 77, 82, 83, 84, 87, 87, 143 limetics of decomposition, 251 Kinetics of pyrolysis, 253 Laboratory, 263 Laboratory cupboards, 240 Laminar burmng of surfaces, 73 Laminar combustion, 79 Large fires, self-help, 95 Laser interferometer, 261 Lasers, 244 Light water, 133 Lignm, 81 , Long-wave radiation, 95 ' Low-pressure flames, 250 M E S G , 109 Management, 92 Mass fire model, 164 Mass-fire dynamics, 261 Maximum energy release, 246 Melamme, 255 Metal additives, 82 Meteorology, 149 Methane-air, 55, 117 Methane-air flames, 94 Microchmate Wisconsm, 90 Microscale of turbulence, 249 Mme fires, 122 Mme galleries, 60 Mme roadway, 64, 158, 241 Mmimum igmtion energy, 244 Model studies, 156 Model of fire spread, 63 Modehng, 93 Models, 261 Moisture, effect on flame propagation, 247 Molecular structure, 116 Read the entire page →
From page 101... ... ABSTRACTS AND R E V I E W S 329 NMR, 253 Net foams, 160 Nonpropagating flames, 75 Nozzle foam, 160 Nuclear blast, 54 Nuclear fire, 54 Nylon, 251 Oil fires, 145 Oil soot, 152 Optical densities, 254 Optical studies, 262 Orgamc polymers, 136 Oxidation of hydrocarbons, 84 Oxygen atom, 87 Oxygen atom and hydrogen peroxide, water, 87 Oxygen-ennched fires, 155 Oxygen-nitrogen atmospheres, 57 PVC, 144, 144, 255 Paints, 232 Paper arrays, 72 Particles, 158 Partitions, 236 Permanent flame retardants, 251 Phosphomolybdic acid, 251 Phosphotungstic acid, 251 Physical properties of combustion, 80 Physical vulnerability, 54 Plant for testmg, 163 Plasma, 244 Plastics, toxic gases from, 153 Pneumoconiosis, 152 Poisoning by CO, 259 Polyester, 251 Polymer attack, 165 Polymers, ignition of, 57 Polystyrene, 239 Polyurethane, 255 Polyurethane foam, 64, 143 Pool fires, 127, 128, 145 Pool fires of aircraft fuels, 61 Powder extmguishants, 126 Predictability, 261 Preigmtion, 254 Prescnbed bum, 112 Pressunzed stairs and lobbies, 79 Projectiles, 118 Propagation of fire, 74 Propanc-argon-air flames, 70 Propellants, 114 Protein, 232 Pulmonary damage, 260 Pulse of radiant energy, 246 Pyrolysis, 75, 81, 89, 136, 143, 143, 144, 153, 159, 241, 252, 253 Pyrolysis products, 124 Pyrradiomcter, 95 Quasi-steady fire spread, 74 Quenching, 109 Quenching distance, 69 RANN, 165 Radiant energy, 146 Radiation, 90, 145, 148, 243 Radiation from flames, 252 Radiative igmtion, 57 Radiative spread of fire, 243 Rainfall, 90 Rates, hydrogen and hydrogen peroxide, water, 87 Rayon, 251 Recombination, 82, 86, 87 Recombination of hydrogen atom, 83 Research bulletins, 167 Resistance thermometry, 162 Resonance radiation detector, 120 Respiration in foams, 154 Retardants, 232, 241 Review, 118, 263 Roadways in mines, 158, 241 Roofing matenal, 251 Room contents, 261 Room fires, 62 SMRE, 164 Safe distances, 236 Safe gap (British standard 229:1957) , 69 Safety, 107 Scahng, 158 Schlieren techniques, 262 Schlyter test, 233 Selfigmtion, 81, 82 Selfignition of wood, 81 Read the entire page →
From page 102... ... 330 F I R E R E S E A R C H Shmgles, wood, 113, 233 Signs, monochromatic, 107 Single and multiple igmtions, 261 Site preparation, wildhfe management, 96 Siting of stations, Peterborough, Market Deeping, 53 Size, 125 Slab pyrolysis, 89 Smoldermg combustion, 68 Smoke, 71, 150, 259, 262 Smoke chamber, 159 Smoke density chamber, 159 Smoke inhalation, 255 Smoke obscuration, 107 Smoke, optical density, 159 Smoke poisoning, 260 Smoke products, 124 Smoke tests, 79 Smokeproof tower, 157 Snowpack, 90 Soil water, 90 Solar radiation, 95 Solid phase processes in flame spread, 73 Solvents, 240 Soot, 76, 152 Soot formation, 250 Spark ignition, 148 Spatial separation of bmldmgs, 243 Spectral distribution, 146 Sprays, 128, 138 Spread rate of fuels, 137 Stack effect, 157 Station sitmg, 53 Statistical analysis, 159 Storage, 232 Structural engineering, 54 Structural fires, 261 Student fire program, 112 Study of fire extmgmshment, 134 Suppressants, 141 Suppression of aircraft fires, 67 Suppression of explosion, 121 Suppressors of coal dust explosion, 67 Surface activity, 149 Surface ignition, 114 Suspensions, 158 Systems analysis, 165 Tank fires, 145 Telephone exchanges, 113 Television, 260 Temperature, 90 Temperature coefficients of dissociation and recombination, 86 Temperature fluctuations, 245 Temperatures durmg ignition, 254 Test methods, 233, 236, 241 Test vessels, 109 Testing, 107 Testing of electnc cables, 232 Testmg of electrical equipment, 163 Testmg of retardants, 241 Tests, 232 Tests Class-B fires, 130 Theory of cnb fires, 75 Theory of extmgmshment, 133, 133, 134 Theory of flame propagation, 247 Theory of turbulent combustion, 249 Thermal analysis, 253 Thermal decomposition, 81, 82, 91, 143, 164 Thermal degradation, 253 Thermal ignition, 254 Thermal radiation, 61, 136 Thickened fuels, 137 Three body recombinations, 87 Tiles, hning, 239 Time, 125 Topography, 90 Tower, smokeproof, 157 Town gas, 109 Toxic gases, 64, 91, 144, 144, 165, 255 Toxicity, 153, 155 Toxicity, plastics, 91 Toxicology, 153 Transient temperatures, 162 Tray fires, 133 Tunnel furnace test, 233 Turbidity, 158 Turbine fuels, 139 Turbulent burning velocity, 245 Turbulent combustion, 249 Turbulent flames, 76 Ullage, 138 Read the entire page →
From page 103... ... ABSTRACTS AND R E V I E W S 331 Vapor igmtion, 118 Vapor production rate, 159 Vapors and particles, metal, 243 Velocity fields, 254 Ventilation, 157 Visibility, 107 Volumetric fire growth, 246 Vortex, whirls, 91 Wall hmngs, 239 Walls, 236 Wastebaskets, 136 Water, 87, 125 Water sources, 110 Water sprays, 128 Water table, 110 Weathering, 233 Wildland-urban fires, 95 Wind-driven fires, 89 Wired glass, 236 Wood, 75, 233, 236, 241, 252, 253, 255 Wood-frame structures, 246 Wood, pyrolysis, 81, 82 Wood smoke, 260 Wood, thermal decomposition, 81 Read the entire page →

From page 37...

... ABSTRACTS AND R E V I E W S 265 TRANSLATION SOVIET ABSTRACT JOURNAL: Section 68. Fire Protection Series (Notes and translation of March 1972 issue)