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From page 78... ... This subject area is comprehensively addressed by the Panel on Modeling and Simulation in Technology for the United States Navy and Marine Corps, 2000-2035: Becoming a 21st-Century Force, Volume 9: Modeling and Simulation. As with any application of modeling and simulation, modeling and simulation aids for mine warfare should rest on a sound theoretical basis. Read the entire page →
From page 79... ... improved tactical development and training despite geographic separation of the principal MCM forces from the fleet and dispersal of the reserve component; (3) the timely development of appropriate systems to counter a threat that is rapidly changing, increasingly sophisticated, affordable to all potential enemies, and likely to be encountered in difficult coastal environments; and (4) Read the entire page →
From page 80... ... MCM surface ships are justifiably concerned about navigation in close proximity to the minefield and about the possibility of floating mines. Read the entire page →
From page 81... ... � Aggressively pursue the development of so-called brute force technologies that will neutralize mines and obstacles in the very shallow water zone, the surf zone, and the craft landing zone. Far Term � Develop technologies for advanced networked sensor and weapon systems consisting of the following: Autonomous and semiautonomous networked undersea systems using small, autonomous undersea vehicles, bottom-crawling variants, and fixed sensors for far-forward covert MCM; and Controllable mines with remote fail-safe command and control (C2) Read the entire page →
From page 82... ... Recommendations for Follow-on Action � Build an expendable mine neutralization system capable of being used, with minimal adjustment, by AMCM helicopters, by the MCM-1 and MHC-51 MCM ships, and by small MCM surface craft yet to be introduced. � Continue research to reveal the acoustic detection and classification methods used by dolphins. Read the entire page →
From page 85... ... A Terms of Reference 85 Read the entire page →
From page 86... ... In view of the momentous changes that have since taken place, particularly with national security requirements in the aftermath of the Cold War, I request that the Naval Studies Board immediately undertake a major review and revision of the earlier Navy-21 find.ings. The attached Terms of Reference, developed in consultation between my staff and the Chairman and Director of the Naval Studies Board, indicate those topics which I believe should receive special attention. Read the entire page →
From page 87... ... mine warfare and submarine warfare; (3) Navy and Marine Corps weaponry in the context of effectiveness on target; (4) Read the entire page →
From page 88... ... 3. Mine warfare and submarine warfare are two serious threats to future naval missions that can by anticipated with confidence, and should be treated accordingly in the review. Read the entire page →
From page 89... ... APPENDIX A 89 9. Housing, barracks, MWR facilities, commissaries, child care, etc. Read the entire page →
From page 90... ... naval forces in waters contiguous to both North and South Korea. Read the entire page →
From page 93... ... The United States cannot be sure that it will have the MCM assistance of coalition forces as it did during the Persian Gulf War. The Navy's current MCM capability includes the following major systems: � MCS-12 mine countermeasures command, control, and support ship USS Inchon (LPH-12~. Read the entire page →
From page 94... ... variable-depth mine hunting sonar and the AN/SLQ-48 mine neutralization vehicle. � The Osprey-class MHC-51 coastal mine hunter equipped with the AN/ SQQ-32 variable-depth mine hunting sonar and the AN/SLQ-48 mine neutralization vehicle. Read the entire page →
From page 95... ... The Joint Countermine ACTD now in effect consists of concepts submitted by the Army, Navy, and Marine Corps and covers sea mines, very shallow water mines and obstacles in the surf zone and the craft landing zone, and inland land mines. The officially accepted Joint Countermine ACTD consists of 12 MCM concepts broken down into two phases for demonstration before the end of this decade. Read the entire page →
From page 96... ... a distributed explosive array net that contains shaped explosive charges at its nodes and is projected ahead of an LCAC to neutralize mines in the surf zone and the craft landing zone. � Joint amphibious mine countermeasures (JAMC) Read the entire page →
From page 97... ... Its purpose is to serve as a covert minefield reconnaissance vehicle capable of transmitting its data in real time. � Littoral remote sensing (Generation Two) Read the entire page →
From page 98... ... D Compliance with Laws and Policy Protecting Marine Mammals and Endangered Marine Species An issue of critical importance to today's Navy, and almost certainly to be important to 21st-century forces, is the growing concern about the possible harmful effects of naval operations on marine life. The perceived impact might ultimately restrict operations and limit the use of both sonar systems and small underwater explosives (as little as 4 pounds of explosives) Read the entire page →
From page 99... ... APPENDIX D 99 Navy weapon tests and ship shock tests generate very high intensity sounds. All of these factors have the potential to interfere with marine mammals. Read the entire page →
From page 100... ... The sensitivity of marine mammals to sonar sounds and effects of sonar sounds on these mammals simply are not known. Further, in contrast to the 130-dB level, surface ships generate from 5 to 100 watts of acoustic noise, about 175 to 190 dB. Read the entire page →
From page 101... ... APPENDIX D 101 vice, and in some cases the Department of the Interior, to conduct ship-shock tests (using explosive sources) and tests of prototype sonar systems, as well as exercises to develop tactics and strategies for employing LEA sonars. Read the entire page →
From page 102... ... 102 APPENDIX D important that this conflict between responsible environmental stewardship and national security be resolved and that decisions be based on substantiated fact. Given that the Navy is a principal stakeholder in the issue, it is probably the most suitable agency to pursue this subject. Read the entire page →
From page 103... ... The previously noted, joint amphibious mine countermeasures (JAMC) , including a heavy chain drawn over the ground by two D-7 or D8 bulldozers to clear surface-resting and partially buried land mines, is intended primarily for use in clearing mines from an assault beach and, perhaps with the addition of a snorkel, out to the surf zone. Read the entire page →

From page 78...

... This subject area is comprehensively addressed by the Panel on Modeling and Simulation in Technology for the United States Navy and Marine Corps, 2000-2035: Becoming a 21st-Century Force, Volume 9: Modeling and Simulation. As with any application of modeling and simulation, modeling and simulation aids for mine warfare should rest on a sound theoretical basis.