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From page 295... ... . commumcahon American Academy of Neurology, 14 American Psychological Association, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 62, 188 Americans with Disabilities Act, 179 Read the entire page →
From page 296... ... 296 Applied behavior analysis, 34, 35, 119, 120, 125-126, 131, 142, 148-149, 156, 184, 225 Asperger's Disorder, 2, 24, 29-30, 85, 95, 212 Assessment, 2, 4, 7, 26-30, 156-158, 184-185, 211-214, 220-221 see also Diagnosis; Outcomes; Screening adaptive behavior, 107-110 age factors, 29, 30, 74 behavioral problems, 118-132 applied behavior analysis, 34, 35, 119, 120, 125-126, 131, 142, 148149, 156, 184, 225 functional assessment, 15, 27, 48, 120, 122-124, 127, 130, 131-132, 134, 135, 213 communication and language deficits, 26, 27, 28-30, 51-52, 74, 167 comprehensive programs, 142, 144, 156158, 167 functional, 15, 27, 48, 120, 122-124, 127, 130, 131-132, 134, 135, 213 growth curve analysis, 207-208, 210 intelligence, 27-28, 82, 90, 108, 193 IQ scores, 5, 44, 70, 84-87, 88, 90, 108, 168, 170-171, 172, 184, 201, 217 mental retardation, 1, 2, 24, 27, 82, 84-85, 104, 105, 106, 125, 129, 176177, 184 language factors, 27, 28, 29-30, 31, 52, 138-139, 167, 179, 215-216 multidisciplinary, 4, 23-24, 28, 30 parental factors, 27, 28, 29-30, 31, 52, 138-139, 167, 179, 215-216 siblings of autistic children, 38-39 videotapes, 94, 155, 156, 157-158, 171 Assessment, Evaluation, and Programming System, 74 Assistive technology, 2, 3, 12, 56-57, 59-63, 103, 136, 184 Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps, 141 Attachment and attachment constructs, 67 Atypical autism, 3, 213 prevalence, 24 Auditory perception, 30, 31-32, 42, 83, 85, 98, 99-101, 123, 131, 212 Augmentative and alternative communication, 51, 55, 56-63, 136-137 Autism Behavior Checklist, 196 INDEX Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised, 85, 196, 197 Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, 197, 198 Autism Screening Questionnaire, 25-26 Autism Society of America, 188, 194, 228 Autistic Spectrum Disorders Support Systems, 223 Aversive approaches, 106, 110-111, 121-122, 123, 128, 133, 134-135, 146, 162, 163, 181 B Battelle Developmental Inventory, 74 Bed wetting, see Toilet training Behavioral problems, 5, 11, 12, 15, 49, 68, 69-70, 78, 104, 115-132, 194 see also Adaptive behavior; Aggressive behavior; Imitation; Maintenance of behaviors and skills; Pivotal behavior adults, 117, 213 age factors, 116, 117-118 applied behavior analysis, 34, 35, 119, 120, 125-126, 131, 142, 148-149, 156, 184, 225 assessment, 27, 28, 30-31, 118-132 applied behavior analysis, 34, 35, 119, 120, 125-126, 131, 142, 148149, 156, 184, 225 functional assessment, 15, 27, 48, 120, 122-124, 127, 130, 131-132, 134, 135, 213 auditory perception and, 30-31 classification of, 115-116 clinical practice guidelines, 118-119 communication deficits and, 49, 55 comprehensive programs, 116, 119-120, 125, 143, 144-145, 146, 147-149, 150, 157, 163, 169 developmental approaches, 12, 117, 119, 126 diagnosis, 2, 34, 25, 196, 211-212 family/parental factors, 3-4, 69-70, 115, 116, 120, 121-122, 123 functional assessment, 15, 27, 48, 120, 122-124, 127, 130, 131-132, 134, 135, 213 interventions, general, 6, 4041, 4243, 68, 71-73, 78, 79-81, 110-114, 118137, 139, 194, 195, 210, 218 Read the entire page →
From page 297... ... , 27, 156, 169, 196, 197 Childhood disintegrative disorder, 3, 12, 213 Children's Unit, 142, 146, 148, 150, 154, 155, 158, 161, 163-164, 165, 167 297 Classification issues, 2-3, 13, 25, 27-28, 69, 176-177 see also Assessment; Diagnosis behavioral problems, 115-116 features of autism, 11-12, 212 historical perspectives, 31, 32-33, 47 The Clinical Practice Guidelinesfor Autism/ Persuasive Development Disorders, 118-119 Clinical trials, 6, 8, 15-17, 90, 131, 194, 197198, 199-201, 204, 218-219, 222223 Clonidine, 129 Cognitive deficits, 5, 82-92, 212 see also Communication deficits; Language factors comprehensive programs, 142, 144, 145, 156-157, 162, 168-169, 172 Denver Model, 80, 142, 145-146, 147, 150, 153, 155-156, 157, 159, 160, 163, 164, 165, 167, 188, 189 executive functioning, 84, 89 intelligence, 27-28, 82, 90, 108, 193 see also Mental retardation intelligence quotients (IQs) , 5, 44, 70, 84-87, 88, 90, 108, 168, 170-171, 172, 184, 201, 217 age factors, 47, 71, 201, 206 interventions, general, 6, 86, 90-92, 220, 229 joint attention and, 83, 89 memory, 57, 83, 85, 88, 89 reading skills, 62-63, 78-79, 83, 91 Collaborative Program for Excellence in Autism, 209 Communication deficits, 1, 5, 12, 47-65, 71, 79, 83, 105, 115, 205 see also Auditory perception; Joint attention; Language factors; Social factors age factors, 50, 54, 123, 160 assessment, 26, 27, 28-30, 51-52, 74, 167 augmentative and alternative communication, 51, 55, 56-63, 136-137 communication training, 121 comprehensive programs, 142, 144, 149, 160, 162, 167 diagnosis, 25, 26, 47, 212 facilitated communication, 61-62 familial factors, 47 Read the entire page →
From page 298... ... , 157, 158, 160, 161-162, 163, 168-169, 206-207 local education authorities (LEAs) , 165, 178, 182, 213-214, 215-216 peer interactions, 142, 146, 148, 150, 157, 161, 162, 165, 171 Pivotal Response Model, 144, 147-153 (passim) Read the entire page →
From page 299... ... , 36, 38, 109, 118, 119, 124, 127, 131, 154, 177-178, 180-181, 182, 207, 215-216, 217, 219-221 D Delivering Individualized Support for Young Children with Autism, 191 Denver Model, 80, 142, 145-146, 147, 150, 151, 153, 155-156, 157, 159, 160, 163, 164, 165, 167, 188, 189 Department of Education, 141 see also Office of Educational Research and Improvement; Office of Special Education Programs Department of Health and Human Services, see Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; terms beginning National Institute..." Developmental, Individual Difference, Relationship-Based Model, 158 Developmental Intervention Model, 142, 145, 147, 148, 150, 152, 153, 156157, 160-161, 164, 168 Developmental theory and approaches, vii, x, 2-3, 6, 11-12, 13, 19, 82-92, 105106, 135-136, 203-204, 210, 213, 220 see also Age factors; Cognitive deficits; Language factors; Mental retardation atypical autism, 3, 24, 213 auditory perception, 31 behavioral problems, 12, 117, 119, 126 communication and symbolic abilities 50, 51, 53-54 comprehensive programs, 144, 147-148, 149, 164 Denver Model, 80, 142, 145-146, 147, 150, 151, 153, 155-156, 157, 159, 160, 163, 164, 165, 167, 188, 189 Developmental Intervention Model, 142, 145, 147, 148, 150, 152, 153, 156-157, 160-161, 164, 168 pervasive developmental disorders not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) , 2-3, 12, 24, 113, 206, 212, 213 social development, 15-16, 31, 66-69, 7172, 81, 105 state-funded programs, 23 Read the entire page →
From page 300... ... 300 Diagnosis, 24, 11, 13, 16, 23-24, 25-26, 30, 85, 93, 94, 104-105, 195-197, 210, 211-214, 227 see also Assessment; Screening age factors, 3-4, 23, 25, 93, 94, 195-197, 212 behavioral problems, 2, 34, 25, 196, 211-212 communication deficits, 25, 26, 47, 212 language factors, 23, 25, 212, 214 multidisciplinary, 23, 26, 30, 214 time factors, 3, 25, 211, 214, 219 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) , 197 Discrete trials, 6, 122, 133-134, 137, 219 communication skills, 50, 53, 54, 64 comprehensive programs, 112, 141, 143, 144-145, 147, 148, 150, 163-164, 170 defined, 133 professional training, 187 Young Autism Project, 112, 144-145, 146, 148, 150 Dopamine, 118 Douglass Developmental Disabilities Center, 112, 143, 146, 148, 150, 151,153,154,160,164,165,167168 Drug treatment, 116, 128-131, 132 DSM-IV, see Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders E Early intervention, general, vii, 6, 7, 9, 12, 37, 38, 123, 221, 222 see also Preschool programs assessment, 29, 30, 196 committee charge and methodology, 2, 13-14, 20 comprehensive programs, 143-144, 145, 146-147, 151, 162, 165, 166, 171172 diagnosis, 4, 23 drug treatments, 129 goals of, 41-42, 43 personnel education, 7, 8, 190 Early Intervention Profile and Preschool Profile, 157, 167 Echolalia, 29, 47, 49, 105, 163 Education of All Handicapped Children Act, 1, 12 INDEX Electroencephalograms, 30 Emotional factors, 1, 61, 66-67, 69, 79 attachment constructs, 67 comprehensive programs, 142, 144, 148, 156-157 parental, 32, 34, 39, 66-67, 153 Epidemiology behavioral problems, 118 prevalence, 17, 24-25, 125, 212-213 Ethical issues, 6, 8 Ethnicity, see Racial and ethnic factors Executive functioning, 84, 89 F Facilitated communication, 61-62 Familial factors, 34, 6, 32-39, 214-216, 218219, 223 see also Parental factors behavioral problems, 34, 69-70, 115, 116, 120, 121-122, 123 comprehensive programs, 142, 143, 144145,149,150,152-154,157,170,215 genetic /neurological, 1 1, 26, 30, 38-39, 117 professional development, 8, 226, 229 research design and description, 8-9, 198-199, 205-206, 229 Federal government role, 7, 9, 13, 190-191, 222-224 see also Funding; Legislation; specific departments and agencies Federal Interageny Coordinating Council, 222-223 Females, see Gender factors Fidelity of treatment, 8, 9, 91, 194, 206-207, 209, 210, 227, 228 Functional behavioral assessment, 15, 27, 48, 120, 122-124, 127, 130, 131132, 134, 135, 213 Functional communication, 49-50, 61-62, 64-65, 123, 160, 221 initiation of communication/ spontaneous communication, 6, 41, 47, 48, 49, 53, 54, 55, 64, 70, 71, 161, 169, 204, 221 Functional Emotional Assessment Scale, 156-157 Funding, 7, 9, 23, 175, 182, 195, 210, 223, 224, 226, 227-228, 229 comprehensive programs, 141, 143, 146 professional development, 8, 187, 188, 189, 191 Read the entire page →
From page 301... ... , 36, 38, 109, 118, 119, 124, 127, 131, 154, 177-178, 180-181, 182, 207, 215-216, 217, 219-221, 223 local education authorities (LEAs) , 178, 182, 215-216 Individualized Support Program 143 145 see also terms beginning "Indtv~d " ' ' Hierarchical linear modeling, 207-208, 210 146, 149, 150, 152, 153, 154, 157Historical perspectives behavioral problems, 120 cognitive development, 82 communication deficits, 47, 48 comprehensive programs, 144, 146-147 definition/explanation of autism, 31, 32-33, 47 litigation, 176, 178, 179, 180-181, 182, 222, 224 prevalence of autism, 24 social development issues, 66, 67, 68 I IDEA, see Individuals with Disabilities Education Act IEPs, see Individualized education plans IFSP, see Individual Family Service Plan Imitation, 25, 42, 44, 50, 54, 56, 58, 69, 72, 73,75,80,83-84,95,163,218 echolalia, 29, 47, 49, 105, 163 158, 160, 161, 162, 163, 168 Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) Read the entire page →
From page 302... ... , 2, 7, 13, 115, 119, 122, 124, 127, 132, 138, 176-179, 181182, 216, 222, 229; see also Individualized education plans parental advocacy, 36-37 Rehabilitation Act, 179 Literacy, see Reading skills Litigation, 176, 178, 179, 180-181, 182, 222, 224 Local education authorities (LEAs) , 222, 223 comprehensive programs, 165, 178, 182, 213-214, 215-216 diagnosis of autism, 23, 214 individualized education plans (IEPs) Read the entire page →
From page 303... ... INDEX adaptive behaviors, 106 comprehensive programs, 161, 163-164 personnel training, 184 problem behaviors, interventions, 115, 121, 122, 125-126, 127, 128, 131 professional education, 184 social development, 72, 75, 76, 77, 78, 80, 81 Males, see Gender factors Massed trials, 133 Medical considerations, 30-31, 97, 104, 116 see also Genetic factors; Neurobiological factors diagnosis of autism, 26 drug treatment, 116, 128-131, 132 Memory, 57, 83, 85, 88, 89 Mental retardation, 1, 2, 27, 82, 84-85, 104, 105, 106, 125, 129, 176-177 diagnosis, 24 professional education, 184 Methodology, see Research methodology Michigan Scales, 74 Minorities, see Racial and ethnic factors Motor function, see Psychomotor function Multidisciplinary approaches, see Interdisciplinary approaches N Naltrexone, 129 National Alliance for Autism Research, 194, 228 Early Childhood Technical Assistance Systems, 141, 191 Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 9, 194, 209-210, 226, 228 Institute of Mental Health, 9, 194, 209, 210, 226, 229 Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, 9, 194, 209, 210, 229 Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, 9, 194, 209, 210, 229 Institutes of Health, 141, 146, 191, 214, 222-223 Resource Center for Paraprofessionals, 187 Naturalistic teaching and learning, 15, 42, 134, 142, 148, 149, 159, 184 National National National National National National National 303 Neurobiological factors, vii, 1,11, 13, 30, 68, 83, 89-90, 211, 214 see also Psychomotor function; Sensory perception behavioral problems, 116, 117-118 psychopharmaceuticals, 116, 128131, 132 genetic, 11, 26, 30, 38-39, 117 seizures, 30, 85, 130 New York State Department of Health, 14 Nonverbal communication, 5, 25, 30, 47, 48, 58-59, 63-64, 69, 84, 85, 88, 95, 123, 214 augmentative and alternative communication, 51, 55, 56-63 comprehensive programs, 142, 144 o Office of Educational Research and Improvement, 9, 208, 210, 214, 228 prevalence estimates, 25 professional education, 187, 191, 214, 226 Office of Special Education Programs, 4, 8, 9, 194, 212-213, 228 committee charge, vii, 2, 13 Outcomes, 3, 5, 8, 9, 15, 64, 65, 71, 73-80, 140, 151, 166-172, 193, 201-202, 205-206, 210, 216-217, 228, 229 see also Generalization of learning; Independence; Maintenance of behaviors and skills; Recovery clinical trials, 6, 15-17, 90, 131, 194, 197198, 199-201 goals of education, 40-44 IQ scores, 5, 44, 70, 71, 84-87, 88, 90, 108, 168, 170-171, 172, 184, 201, 206, 217 Overarousal theories, 68-69, 94 p Paraprofessionals, 7-8, 145, 187, 188, 226 Parental factors, 4, 32-39, 66-69, 76, 105, 179-180, 181-182, 199, 214-216 advocacy, 32, 36-37, 39, 146, 214-215, 222 assessment of autistic children, 27, 28, 29, 31, 52, 179, 215-216 Read the entire page →
From page 304... ... , 157, 160-163, 169 communication, 53, 55-56 social development, 69, 73, 76-77, 79 Pivotal Response Model, 144, 147-153 (passim) , 157, 161, 162, 169 Play, 6, 28,29,38,41,42, 48,49, 70, 74-75, 7778,79,80,84,112,122,218,221 comprehensive programs, general, 142, 161, 162 Denver Model, comprehensive program, 80, 142, 145-146, 147, 150, 151, 153, 155-156, 157, 159, 160, 163, 164, 165, 167, 188, 189 INDEX diagnosis of autism, 25 symbolic, 42, 49-50, 70-71, 75, 76-77, 8283, 84 Playschool Model, 142 Policy issues, 7, 12, 19, 165, 175-182, 222224 see also Advocacy; Federal government role; Legal issues; Legislation; Litigation; Standards; State government role Posture, 94, 96, 99, 101, 182 Preschool programs, 2, 12, 74, 89, 112, 146, 217, 219 see also Early intervention, general committee charge, 2, 13 comprehensive programs, 143-144, 145, 146, 161, 165 Denver Model, 80, 142, 145-146, 147, 150, 151, 153, 155-156, 157, 159, 160, 163, 164, 165, 167, 188, 189 Individualized Support Program, 143, 145, 146, 149, 150, 152, 153, 154, 157-158, 160, 161, 162, 163, 168 Learning Experiences Alternative Program (LEAP) Read the entire page →
From page 305... ... , 36, 38, 109, 118, 119, 124, 127, 131, 154, 177-178, 180-181, 182, 207, 215-216, 217, 219-221, 223 local education authorities (LEAs) , 178, 182, 215-216 parental involvement, 4, 31, 33, 38, 184, 223 School Psychology Review, 141 Screening, 4, 25-26, 27, 28, 195-197 see also Diagnosis age factors, 4, 25, 195-197 Screening Test for Autism in Two Year Olds, 25, 26, 196 Secretin, 130 Seizures, 30, 85, 130 Self-help skills, 162, 167 Self-injurious behavior, 49, 115, 116, 117118, 123, 125, 128-129 tantrums, 115, 123, 125, 145, 213 Self-stimulatory behavior, 55, 105, 111, 213 Sensory perception, x, 15-16, 42, 83-84, 89, 93-102, 110, 123, 127, 131, 176-177 see also Psychomotor function age factors, 93, 94, 97, 110 Read the entire page →
From page 306... ... , 74, 75, 85, 88, 91, 96, 108-109, 135136, 156-158, 167, 169, 196-197 IQ scores, 5, 44, 70, 84-87, 88, 90, 108, 168, 170-171, 172, 184, 201, 217 age factors, 47, 71, 201, 206 attachment process, 67 behavioral problems, response to, 115, 118-119, 125 clinical practice guidelines, 118-119, 167 committee study at hand, 14, 15 comprehensive programs, 141,155 curricular, 4041 fidelity of treatment, 8, 9, 91,194, 206207, 209, 210, 227, 228 goals of education, 4044, 50-51, 71-75, 77, 212-213, 218, 221 policy, 175 professional, 7,118-119, 187,191, 224, 227-228 research design and description, 8-9,14, 16, 196-197, 198, 199, 209-210 State government role, 7, 14, 222-224 comprehensive programs, 146,165 diagnosis of autism, 23 professional education, 189,190-191 Stereotypic behavior, 61, 94, 96, 97, 98, 117, 118, 145, 176-177 Student/teacher ratios, 120,159, 219, 220221 individual instruction, 31, 73, 83, 90, 91, 120, 137-138, 139, 142, 149 Symbol use, 29, 49, 55-56, 58, 82, 218 see also Nonverbal communication age factors, 50, 54,123,160 comprehensive programs, 142 Symbolic play, 42, 49-50, 70-71, 75, 76-77, 82-83, 84 System for Augmenting Language, 61 T Tantrums, 115,123, 125, 145, 213 TEACCH, see Treatment and Education of Autistic and Related Communication Handicapped Children (TEACCH) program Teachers, 1, 4, 31, 114, 133,157,179 assessment of autistic children, 27, 31, 52 Read the entire page →
From page 307... ... program, 34, 35-36, 60, 80, 136-137, 144, 145, 146, 147, 150, 151, 152, 155, 158, 160, 161, 162, 164, 169-170, 188, 189 V Validity, external, 15, 26, 52, 62, 82 Validity, internal, 15, 26, 28, 52, 98 Videotapes, 94, 155, 156, 157-158, 171 Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, 74, 108-109, 169 Visual perception, 57, 100-101, 62-63, 69, 83, 85, 90, 94, 95, 96, 98, 100-101, 123, 131, 137-138, 144, 212 see also Nonverbal communication Voice output communication aid, 59-60, 61, 63 W Walden Early Childhood Programs, 79, 112, 136, 145, 146, 148-149, 150, 153, 154, 155, 160, 161-162, 165, 171 Women, see Gender factors World Wide Web, see Internet hi' y Young Autism Project, 112, 144-145, 146, 148, 150, 151, 153, 155, 158, 161, 162, 163, 170-171, 187-188, 206 Read the entire page →

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... . commumcahon American Academy of Neurology, 14 American Psychological Association, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 62, 188 Americans with Disabilities Act, 179

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From page 296...

... 296 Applied behavior analysis, 34, 35, 119, 120, 125-126, 131, 142, 148-149, 156, 184, 225 Asperger's Disorder, 2, 24, 29-30, 85, 95, 212 Assessment, 2, 4, 7, 26-30, 156-158, 184-185, 211-214, 220-221 see also Diagnosis; Outcomes; Screening adaptive behavior, 107-110 age factors, 29, 30, 74 behavioral problems, 118-132 applied behavior analysis, 34, 35, 119, 120, 125-126, 131, 142, 148149, 156, 184, 225 functional assessment, 15, 27, 48, 120, 122-124, 127, 130, 131-132, 134, 135, 213 communication and language deficits, 26, 27, 28-30, 51-52, 74, 167 comprehensive programs, 142, 144, 156158, 167 functional, 15, 27, 48, 120, 122-124, 127, 130, 131-132, 134, 135, 213 growth curve analysis, 207-208, 210 intelligence, 27-28, 82, 90, 108, 193 IQ scores, 5, 44, 70, 84-87, 88, 90, 108, 168, 170-171, 172, 184, 201, 217 mental retardation, 1, 2, 24, 27, 82, 84-85, 104, 105, 106, 125, 129, 176177, 184 language factors, 27, 28, 29-30, 31, 52, 138-139, 167, 179, 215-216 multidisciplinary, 4, 23-24, 28, 30 parental factors, 27, 28, 29-30, 31, 52, 138-139, 167, 179, 215-216 siblings of autistic children, 38-39 videotapes, 94, 155, 156, 157-158, 171 Assessment, Evaluation, and Programming System, 74 Assistive technology, 2, 3, 12, 56-57, 59-63, 103, 136, 184 Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps, 141 Attachment and attachment constructs, 67 Atypical autism, 3, 213 prevalence, 24 Auditory perception, 30, 31-32, 42, 83, 85, 98, 99-101, 123, 131, 212 Augmentative and alternative communication, 51, 55, 56-63, 136-137 Autism Behavior Checklist, 196 INDEX Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised, 85, 196, 197 Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, 197, 198 Autism Screening Questionnaire, 25-26 Autism Society of America, 188, 194, 228 Autistic Spectrum Disorders Support Systems, 223 Aversive approaches, 106, 110-111, 121-122, 123, 128, 133, 134-135, 146, 162, 163, 181 B Battelle Developmental Inventory, 74 Bed wetting, see Toilet training Behavioral problems, 5, 11, 12, 15, 49, 68, 69-70, 78, 104, 115-132, 194 see also Adaptive behavior; Aggressive behavior; Imitation; Maintenance of behaviors and skills; Pivotal behavior adults, 117, 213 age factors, 116, 117-118 applied behavior analysis, 34, 35, 119, 120, 125-126, 131, 142, 148-149, 156, 184, 225 assessment, 27, 28, 30-31, 118-132 applied behavior analysis, 34, 35, 119, 120, 125-126, 131, 142, 148149, 156, 184, 225 functional assessment, 15, 27, 48, 120, 122-124, 127, 130, 131-132, 134, 135, 213 auditory perception and, 30-31 classification of, 115-116 clinical practice guidelines, 118-119 communication deficits and, 49, 55 comprehensive programs, 116, 119-120, 125, 143, 144-145, 146, 147-149, 150, 157, 163, 169 developmental approaches, 12, 117, 119, 126 diagnosis, 2, 34, 25, 196, 211-212 family/parental factors, 3-4, 69-70, 115, 116, 120, 121-122, 123 functional assessment, 15, 27, 48, 120, 122-124, 127, 130, 131-132, 134, 135, 213 interventions, general, 6, 4041, 4243, 68, 71-73, 78, 79-81, 110-114, 118137, 139, 194, 195, 210, 218

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... , 27, 156, 169, 196, 197 Childhood disintegrative disorder, 3, 12, 213 Children's Unit, 142, 146, 148, 150, 154, 155, 158, 161, 163-164, 165, 167 297 Classification issues, 2-3, 13, 25, 27-28, 69, 176-177 see also Assessment; Diagnosis behavioral problems, 115-116 features of autism, 11-12, 212 historical perspectives, 31, 32-33, 47 The Clinical Practice Guidelinesfor Autism/ Persuasive Development Disorders, 118-119 Clinical trials, 6, 8, 15-17, 90, 131, 194, 197198, 199-201, 204, 218-219, 222223 Clonidine, 129 Cognitive deficits, 5, 82-92, 212 see also Communication deficits; Language factors comprehensive programs, 142, 144, 145, 156-157, 162, 168-169, 172 Denver Model, 80, 142, 145-146, 147, 150, 153, 155-156, 157, 159, 160, 163, 164, 165, 167, 188, 189 executive functioning, 84, 89 intelligence, 27-28, 82, 90, 108, 193 see also Mental retardation intelligence quotients (IQs) , 5, 44, 70, 84-87, 88, 90, 108, 168, 170-171, 172, 184, 201, 217 age factors, 47, 71, 201, 206 interventions, general, 6, 86, 90-92, 220, 229 joint attention and, 83, 89 memory, 57, 83, 85, 88, 89 reading skills, 62-63, 78-79, 83, 91 Collaborative Program for Excellence in Autism, 209 Communication deficits, 1, 5, 12, 47-65, 71, 79, 83, 105, 115, 205 see also Auditory perception; Joint attention; Language factors; Social factors age factors, 50, 54, 123, 160 assessment, 26, 27, 28-30, 51-52, 74, 167 augmentative and alternative communication, 51, 55, 56-63, 136-137 communication training, 121 comprehensive programs, 142, 144, 149, 160, 162, 167 diagnosis, 25, 26, 47, 212 facilitated communication, 61-62 familial factors, 47

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From page 298...

... , 157, 158, 160, 161-162, 163, 168-169, 206-207 local education authorities (LEAs) , 165, 178, 182, 213-214, 215-216 peer interactions, 142, 146, 148, 150, 157, 161, 162, 165, 171 Pivotal Response Model, 144, 147-153 (passim)

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From page 299...

... , 36, 38, 109, 118, 119, 124, 127, 131, 154, 177-178, 180-181, 182, 207, 215-216, 217, 219-221 D Delivering Individualized Support for Young Children with Autism, 191 Denver Model, 80, 142, 145-146, 147, 150, 151, 153, 155-156, 157, 159, 160, 163, 164, 165, 167, 188, 189 Department of Education, 141 see also Office of Educational Research and Improvement; Office of Special Education Programs Department of Health and Human Services, see Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; terms beginning National Institute..." Developmental, Individual Difference, Relationship-Based Model, 158 Developmental Intervention Model, 142, 145, 147, 148, 150, 152, 153, 156157, 160-161, 164, 168 Developmental theory and approaches, vii, x, 2-3, 6, 11-12, 13, 19, 82-92, 105106, 135-136, 203-204, 210, 213, 220 see also Age factors; Cognitive deficits; Language factors; Mental retardation atypical autism, 3, 24, 213 auditory perception, 31 behavioral problems, 12, 117, 119, 126 communication and symbolic abilities 50, 51, 53-54 comprehensive programs, 144, 147-148, 149, 164 Denver Model, 80, 142, 145-146, 147, 150, 151, 153, 155-156, 157, 159, 160, 163, 164, 165, 167, 188, 189 Developmental Intervention Model, 142, 145, 147, 148, 150, 152, 153, 156-157, 160-161, 164, 168 pervasive developmental disorders not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) , 2-3, 12, 24, 113, 206, 212, 213 social development, 15-16, 31, 66-69, 7172, 81, 105 state-funded programs, 23

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From page 300...

... 300 Diagnosis, 24, 11, 13, 16, 23-24, 25-26, 30, 85, 93, 94, 104-105, 195-197, 210, 211-214, 227 see also Assessment; Screening age factors, 3-4, 23, 25, 93, 94, 195-197, 212 behavioral problems, 2, 34, 25, 196, 211-212 communication deficits, 25, 26, 47, 212 language factors, 23, 25, 212, 214 multidisciplinary, 23, 26, 30, 214 time factors, 3, 25, 211, 214, 219 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) , 197 Discrete trials, 6, 122, 133-134, 137, 219 communication skills, 50, 53, 54, 64 comprehensive programs, 112, 141, 143, 144-145, 147, 148, 150, 163-164, 170 defined, 133 professional training, 187 Young Autism Project, 112, 144-145, 146, 148, 150 Dopamine, 118 Douglass Developmental Disabilities Center, 112, 143, 146, 148, 150, 151,153,154,160,164,165,167168 Drug treatment, 116, 128-131, 132 DSM-IV, see Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders E Early intervention, general, vii, 6, 7, 9, 12, 37, 38, 123, 221, 222 see also Preschool programs assessment, 29, 30, 196 committee charge and methodology, 2, 13-14, 20 comprehensive programs, 143-144, 145, 146-147, 151, 162, 165, 166, 171172 diagnosis, 4, 23 drug treatments, 129 goals of, 41-42, 43 personnel education, 7, 8, 190 Early Intervention Profile and Preschool Profile, 157, 167 Echolalia, 29, 47, 49, 105, 163 Education of All Handicapped Children Act, 1, 12 INDEX Electroencephalograms, 30 Emotional factors, 1, 61, 66-67, 69, 79 attachment constructs, 67 comprehensive programs, 142, 144, 148, 156-157 parental, 32, 34, 39, 66-67, 153 Epidemiology behavioral problems, 118 prevalence, 17, 24-25, 125, 212-213 Ethical issues, 6, 8 Ethnicity, see Racial and ethnic factors Executive functioning, 84, 89 F Facilitated communication, 61-62 Familial factors, 34, 6, 32-39, 214-216, 218219, 223 see also Parental factors behavioral problems, 34, 69-70, 115, 116, 120, 121-122, 123 comprehensive programs, 142, 143, 144145,149,150,152-154,157,170,215 genetic /neurological, 1 1, 26, 30, 38-39, 117 professional development, 8, 226, 229 research design and description, 8-9, 198-199, 205-206, 229 Federal government role, 7, 9, 13, 190-191, 222-224 see also Funding; Legislation; specific departments and agencies Federal Interageny Coordinating Council, 222-223 Females, see Gender factors Fidelity of treatment, 8, 9, 91, 194, 206-207, 209, 210, 227, 228 Functional behavioral assessment, 15, 27, 48, 120, 122-124, 127, 130, 131132, 134, 135, 213 Functional communication, 49-50, 61-62, 64-65, 123, 160, 221 initiation of communication/ spontaneous communication, 6, 41, 47, 48, 49, 53, 54, 55, 64, 70, 71, 161, 169, 204, 221 Functional Emotional Assessment Scale, 156-157 Funding, 7, 9, 23, 175, 182, 195, 210, 223, 224, 226, 227-228, 229 comprehensive programs, 141, 143, 146 professional development, 8, 187, 188, 189, 191

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... , 36, 38, 109, 118, 119, 124, 127, 131, 154, 177-178, 180-181, 182, 207, 215-216, 217, 219-221, 223 local education authorities (LEAs) , 178, 182, 215-216 Individualized Support Program 143 145 see also terms beginning "Indtv~d " ' ' Hierarchical linear modeling, 207-208, 210 146, 149, 150, 152, 153, 154, 157Historical perspectives behavioral problems, 120 cognitive development, 82 communication deficits, 47, 48 comprehensive programs, 144, 146-147 definition/explanation of autism, 31, 32-33, 47 litigation, 176, 178, 179, 180-181, 182, 222, 224 prevalence of autism, 24 social development issues, 66, 67, 68 I IDEA, see Individuals with Disabilities Education Act IEPs, see Individualized education plans IFSP, see Individual Family Service Plan Imitation, 25, 42, 44, 50, 54, 56, 58, 69, 72, 73,75,80,83-84,95,163,218 echolalia, 29, 47, 49, 105, 163 158, 160, 161, 162, 163, 168 Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)

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From page 302...

... , 2, 7, 13, 115, 119, 122, 124, 127, 132, 138, 176-179, 181182, 216, 222, 229; see also Individualized education plans parental advocacy, 36-37 Rehabilitation Act, 179 Literacy, see Reading skills Litigation, 176, 178, 179, 180-181, 182, 222, 224 Local education authorities (LEAs) , 222, 223 comprehensive programs, 165, 178, 182, 213-214, 215-216 diagnosis of autism, 23, 214 individualized education plans (IEPs)

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From page 303...

... INDEX adaptive behaviors, 106 comprehensive programs, 161, 163-164 personnel training, 184 problem behaviors, interventions, 115, 121, 122, 125-126, 127, 128, 131 professional education, 184 social development, 72, 75, 76, 77, 78, 80, 81 Males, see Gender factors Massed trials, 133 Medical considerations, 30-31, 97, 104, 116 see also Genetic factors; Neurobiological factors diagnosis of autism, 26 drug treatment, 116, 128-131, 132 Memory, 57, 83, 85, 88, 89 Mental retardation, 1, 2, 27, 82, 84-85, 104, 105, 106, 125, 129, 176-177 diagnosis, 24 professional education, 184 Methodology, see Research methodology Michigan Scales, 74 Minorities, see Racial and ethnic factors Motor function, see Psychomotor function Multidisciplinary approaches, see Interdisciplinary approaches N Naltrexone, 129 National Alliance for Autism Research, 194, 228 Early Childhood Technical Assistance Systems, 141, 191 Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 9, 194, 209-210, 226, 228 Institute of Mental Health, 9, 194, 209, 210, 226, 229 Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, 9, 194, 209, 210, 229 Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, 9, 194, 209, 210, 229 Institutes of Health, 141, 146, 191, 214, 222-223 Resource Center for Paraprofessionals, 187 Naturalistic teaching and learning, 15, 42, 134, 142, 148, 149, 159, 184 National National National National National National National 303 Neurobiological factors, vii, 1,11, 13, 30, 68, 83, 89-90, 211, 214 see also Psychomotor function; Sensory perception behavioral problems, 116, 117-118 psychopharmaceuticals, 116, 128131, 132 genetic, 11, 26, 30, 38-39, 117 seizures, 30, 85, 130 New York State Department of Health, 14 Nonverbal communication, 5, 25, 30, 47, 48, 58-59, 63-64, 69, 84, 85, 88, 95, 123, 214 augmentative and alternative communication, 51, 55, 56-63 comprehensive programs, 142, 144 o Office of Educational Research and Improvement, 9, 208, 210, 214, 228 prevalence estimates, 25 professional education, 187, 191, 214, 226 Office of Special Education Programs, 4, 8, 9, 194, 212-213, 228 committee charge, vii, 2, 13 Outcomes, 3, 5, 8, 9, 15, 64, 65, 71, 73-80, 140, 151, 166-172, 193, 201-202, 205-206, 210, 216-217, 228, 229 see also Generalization of learning; Independence; Maintenance of behaviors and skills; Recovery clinical trials, 6, 15-17, 90, 131, 194, 197198, 199-201 goals of education, 40-44 IQ scores, 5, 44, 70, 71, 84-87, 88, 90, 108, 168, 170-171, 172, 184, 201, 206, 217 Overarousal theories, 68-69, 94 p Paraprofessionals, 7-8, 145, 187, 188, 226 Parental factors, 4, 32-39, 66-69, 76, 105, 179-180, 181-182, 199, 214-216 advocacy, 32, 36-37, 39, 146, 214-215, 222 assessment of autistic children, 27, 28, 29, 31, 52, 179, 215-216

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... , 157, 160-163, 169 communication, 53, 55-56 social development, 69, 73, 76-77, 79 Pivotal Response Model, 144, 147-153 (passim) , 157, 161, 162, 169 Play, 6, 28,29,38,41,42, 48,49, 70, 74-75, 7778,79,80,84,112,122,218,221 comprehensive programs, general, 142, 161, 162 Denver Model, comprehensive program, 80, 142, 145-146, 147, 150, 151, 153, 155-156, 157, 159, 160, 163, 164, 165, 167, 188, 189 INDEX diagnosis of autism, 25 symbolic, 42, 49-50, 70-71, 75, 76-77, 8283, 84 Playschool Model, 142 Policy issues, 7, 12, 19, 165, 175-182, 222224 see also Advocacy; Federal government role; Legal issues; Legislation; Litigation; Standards; State government role Posture, 94, 96, 99, 101, 182 Preschool programs, 2, 12, 74, 89, 112, 146, 217, 219 see also Early intervention, general committee charge, 2, 13 comprehensive programs, 143-144, 145, 146, 161, 165 Denver Model, 80, 142, 145-146, 147, 150, 151, 153, 155-156, 157, 159, 160, 163, 164, 165, 167, 188, 189 Individualized Support Program, 143, 145, 146, 149, 150, 152, 153, 154, 157-158, 160, 161, 162, 163, 168 Learning Experiences Alternative Program (LEAP)

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From page 305...

... , 36, 38, 109, 118, 119, 124, 127, 131, 154, 177-178, 180-181, 182, 207, 215-216, 217, 219-221, 223 local education authorities (LEAs) , 178, 182, 215-216 parental involvement, 4, 31, 33, 38, 184, 223 School Psychology Review, 141 Screening, 4, 25-26, 27, 28, 195-197 see also Diagnosis age factors, 4, 25, 195-197 Screening Test for Autism in Two Year Olds, 25, 26, 196 Secretin, 130 Seizures, 30, 85, 130 Self-help skills, 162, 167 Self-injurious behavior, 49, 115, 116, 117118, 123, 125, 128-129 tantrums, 115, 123, 125, 145, 213 Self-stimulatory behavior, 55, 105, 111, 213 Sensory perception, x, 15-16, 42, 83-84, 89, 93-102, 110, 123, 127, 131, 176-177 see also Psychomotor function age factors, 93, 94, 97, 110

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From page 306...

... , 74, 75, 85, 88, 91, 96, 108-109, 135136, 156-158, 167, 169, 196-197 IQ scores, 5, 44, 70, 84-87, 88, 90, 108, 168, 170-171, 172, 184, 201, 217 age factors, 47, 71, 201, 206 attachment process, 67 behavioral problems, response to, 115, 118-119, 125 clinical practice guidelines, 118-119, 167 committee study at hand, 14, 15 comprehensive programs, 141,155 curricular, 4041 fidelity of treatment, 8, 9, 91,194, 206207, 209, 210, 227, 228 goals of education, 4044, 50-51, 71-75, 77, 212-213, 218, 221 policy, 175 professional, 7,118-119, 187,191, 224, 227-228 research design and description, 8-9,14, 16, 196-197, 198, 199, 209-210 State government role, 7, 14, 222-224 comprehensive programs, 146,165 diagnosis of autism, 23 professional education, 189,190-191 Stereotypic behavior, 61, 94, 96, 97, 98, 117, 118, 145, 176-177 Student/teacher ratios, 120,159, 219, 220221 individual instruction, 31, 73, 83, 90, 91, 120, 137-138, 139, 142, 149 Symbol use, 29, 49, 55-56, 58, 82, 218 see also Nonverbal communication age factors, 50, 54,123,160 comprehensive programs, 142 Symbolic play, 42, 49-50, 70-71, 75, 76-77, 82-83, 84 System for Augmenting Language, 61 T Tantrums, 115,123, 125, 145, 213 TEACCH, see Treatment and Education of Autistic and Related Communication Handicapped Children (TEACCH) program Teachers, 1, 4, 31, 114, 133,157,179 assessment of autistic children, 27, 31, 52

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From page 307...

... program, 34, 35-36, 60, 80, 136-137, 144, 145, 146, 147, 150, 151, 152, 155, 158, 160, 161, 162, 164, 169-170, 188, 189 V Validity, external, 15, 26, 52, 62, 82 Validity, internal, 15, 26, 28, 52, 98 Videotapes, 94, 155, 156, 157-158, 171 Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, 74, 108-109, 169 Visual perception, 57, 100-101, 62-63, 69, 83, 85, 90, 94, 95, 96, 98, 100-101, 123, 131, 137-138, 144, 212 see also Nonverbal communication Voice output communication aid, 59-60, 61, 63 W Walden Early Childhood Programs, 79, 112, 136, 145, 146, 148-149, 150, 153, 154, 155, 160, 161-162, 165, 171 Women, see Gender factors World Wide Web, see Internet hi' y Young Autism Project, 112, 144-145, 146, 148, 150, 151, 153, 155, 158, 161, 162, 163, 170-171, 187-188, 206

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Index Pages 295-307

Index
Pages 295-307