Under the Weather Climate, Ecosystems, and Infectious Disease (2001) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
Introduction
Introduction
Pages 8-11
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 8... ...
The birth of modern microbiology and, with it, the systematic study of the epidemiology of specific microbes altered fundamental scientific concepts of disease transmission. New laboratory techniques for isolation and characterization of bacteria, viruses, and other classes of microbes identified specific agents to be the proximate cause of diseases, and control efforts accordingly shifted to a more focused scientific attack on these specific "germs." This approach ap8
|
From page 9... ...
It appeared to be just a matter of time before the war against infectious diseases would be won, but optimism was premature. Reasons for setbacks included the rapid evolution of drug- and pesticide-resistant variants, the surprise emergence of new microbial pathogens, swift global dissemination of microbes and vectors through expanding transportation networks, and the dissipation of political will needed to sustain successful public health programs.
|
From page 10... ...
Likewise, some have concluded that interannual climate fluctuations, in particular E1 Nino events, have been at least partially responsible for major outbreaks of disease such as cholera and dengue; and these associations between E1 Nino events and disease outbreaks have been extrapolated to infer the potential impacts of long-term climate change. At present, however, there is little solid scientific evidence to support such conclusions and few studies that take into account the full range of factors influencing pathogen transmission such as human travel and migration patterns, the collapse of public health measures in some regions, and an increase in drug resistant parasites and pesticide-resistant vectors.
|
From page 11... ...
· Chapter 6 describes how the lessons learned from ecological studies can provide insights into the challenges of extrapolating study results from one temporal/spatial scale to another. · Chapter 7 examines the feasibility of using climate forecasts to predict disease outbreaks and describes the different components necessary for an effective warning system.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.