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Appendix B: Physiological and Pharmacological Differences Between the Sexes
Pages 233-238

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From page 233...
... TABLE B-1 Receptor, Enzyme, and Structural Differences Between Males and Females Sex Difference Clinical Relevance The dopamine D2 receptor gene has a TaqIA restriction fragment length polymorphism that yields two alleles, A1 and A2. Individuals with the A1 allele have a D2 receptor with a lower density and diminished function.
From page 234...
... Male and female colons may metabolize small organic molecules differently. When women are infused with hypertonic saline, ANP levels are increased more during the luteal phase than the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle.
From page 235...
... During the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle the levels are similar to those in males and the levels rise during the luteal phase. These sex differences are present in white subjects but not AfricanAmerican subjects (Kailasam et al., 1998~.
From page 236...
... Males receiving a 21-milligram nicotine patch take significantly longer to relapse to smoking than females (Swan et al., 1997~. Positron emission tomography scans after rectosigmoid balloon distension show differences and may help elucidate the reason for the sex differences.
From page 237...
... These responses may account for why hypercholesterolemic females appear to be protected from the adverse effects of nitric oxide production. Serum prolactin level increases in males receiving haloperidol have been correlated with the clinical response to this antipsychosis drug (Van Putten et al., 1991~.
From page 238...
... Serum insulin-like growth factor type 1 level measurements provide the surrogate endpoint for the appropriate dose. The ability of megakaryocytes to respond to testosterone provides a possible mechanism by which sex hormones may mediate sex differences in platelet activity and thrombotic diseases.


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