Technology and Employment Innovation and Growth in the U.S. Economy (1987) / Chapter Skim
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9: Findings
9: Findings
Pages 168-176
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From page 168... ...
economic system, in which international trade plays an increasingly important role, must generate and adopt advanced technologies rapidly, in both the manufacturing and nonmanufacturing sectors, if growth in employment and wages is to be maintained. Recent and prospective levels of technological change will not produce significant increases in total unemployment, although individuals willface painful and costly adjustments.
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From page 169... ...
The gradual pace of technological change should simplify somewhat the development and implementation of adjustment policies to help affected workers (see Chapter 21. · Within today's international economic environment, slow adoption by U.S.
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From page 170... ...
In view of the fact that technological and structural change in this economy will place increasing demands on the ability of workers to adjust, experienced workers who lack basic skills will face even greater difficulties in future job markets (see Chapter 31. · The evidence suggests that displaced workers who receive substantial advance notice of permanent job loss experience shorter periods of unemployment than workers who do not receive such notice.
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From page 171... ...
The evidence on job-specific training and the adoption of new technologies in other nations, such as Japan, Sweden, and West Germany, is qualitative rather than quantitative, but it suggests that investments in improving the job-related skills of the blue-collar work force can contribute to more rapid adoption and effective utilization of new technologies. · The rate of technological change in the United States does not appear to have increased in recent years.
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From page 172... ...
Iabor force is projected to be considerably lower during the next decade than it was during 1975-1985. This slower rate of growth should reduce somewhat the supply of labor relative to demand and should ease worker adjustment to technological change.
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From page 173... ...
economy, the unpredictable direction and impacts of future technological change, and the fact that the effects of new technologies on skill requirements often are affected heavily by managerial decisions concerning the organization of work. This uncertainty reinforces the arguments favoring a "generalist" approach to the education of entrants to the labor force, emphasizing basic skills, rather than a large investment of resources in training for a specific set of vocations.
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From page 174... ...
· Labor force entrants from minority groups often have low levels of educational attainment that imply weak basic skills and that impair the adjustment of these groups to technological change. Continued efforts to raise the quality of entrants' basic skills preparation, narrowing the gap in educational attainment between black and white as well as Hispanic and white youth, will aid such adjustment.
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From page 175... ...
productivity and competitiveness, thereby enhancing job security and supporting growth in real wages. · The direct and indirect impacts of technological change may pose significant challenges to the structure of health and safety regulation, while also contributing to the reduction of workplace hazards.
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From page 176... ...
176 TECHNOLOG Y AND EMPLO YMENT ity growth in nonmanufacturing industries to the rates of diffusion of technologies in both manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industry to the effectiveness of worker adjustment programs, knowledge and understanding are impaired by a dearth of reliable quantitative measures. Deficiencies in the available data hinder detailed analyses of the impact of technology on employment and the design of policies to address the problems created by technological and structural change.
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