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1 Relative Mean Sea Level
Pages 9-23

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From page 9... ... International attention has been drawn toward this problem by two possibly interrelated sets of observations: (1) relative mean sea level is rising and beach erosion is being exacerbated in many parts of the world (Bird, 1985) Read the entire page →
From page 10... ... 10 thy cat o i> r O O _ = a a ~ 3 9 , N lo ~ ~~, ~ _ 3 e ~ / O~ ~ ~ ~1 O u, 0 .. Read the entire page →
From page 11... ... Relative mean sea level change at a particular location is the difference between the eustatic (global) change and any local change in land elevation. Read the entire page →
From page 12... ... coastIme by 2025. PAST CHANGES IN RELATIVE MEAN SEA REVEL Geologic Record of Sea ferret It has been establishecI that during the last Ice Age (15,000 years ago) Read the entire page →
From page 13... ... Sea [eve! Rise In the Twentieth Century For nearly a century, relative mean sea level has maintained a steady rise at many tide-record~ng stations around the world. Read the entire page →
From page 14... ... of the land with unloading of the land following the melting of glacial ice. A question raised early in the development of this study was whether sea level change trends based on tide gauges located inside bays and estuaries are representative of open-coast trends. Read the entire page →
From page 15... ... No.9414290 San Franclaco, CA _~ 1 Century 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1910 1850 1880 t YEAR Yearly Mean Sea Level Sta. No.9452210 Juneau, AK 13.0 LO 1850 1880 1910 1940 1970 -1.38 m 14 1 Century \/\\|\ 1 1 1 1 1 1 _l ! Read the entire page →
From page 16... ... When the three absolute differences exceeding 10 rnm/yr are excluded, the average difference decreases to 1.1 mm/yr. Thus, relative to outside gauges, this study indicates that the trend rate from inside gauges has underestimated somewhat the relative mean sea level rise rate. Read the entire page →
From page 17... ... The lack of insular tide gauges, until recently, has deprived analysts of any means of testing mean sea level change for the Coriolis effect. Gauges located toward the Huddle of an oceanic gyre that is speeded or slowed will fall or rise respectively, whereas those on continental shores show an opposing trend. Read the entire page →
From page 18... ... In surrunary, the gauge measurements, in a few cases continuing over 10~300 years after correction for known trends, suggest mean sea leered fluctuations that are generally consistent with the geological record of the past 6,000 years (Ters, 1986; Tooley, 1978; Fairbridge, 1961~. The nature of the related climatic changes, insofar as it ho been possible to document them, is also consistent. Read the entire page →
From page 19... ... ? OBSERVING RELATIVE MEAN SEA LEVEL With reference to any one locality, relative mean sea level is Read the entire page →
From page 20... ... While good agreement is possible for the regional means of relative mean sea level (coastal sectors of 50~1,000 km) , there is so far no unanimity as to the global values for eustatic sea level rise. Read the entire page →
From page 21... ... Geodetic leveling involves the periodic releveling of the firstorder vertical topographic survey stations, about once every two or three decades, and thus provides evidence of secular deformation of the earth's crust, as wed as indications of local compactional sum sidence. The method is extremely time consuming, and although very successful in Japan, Scandinavia, and Eastern Europe, it has been poorly funded in the United States and many of the available data have not been analyzed. Read the entire page →
From page 22... ... Mean sea level rise at the Battery, New York City, averaged 2.7 mm/yr. Subtracting 1.2 mm/yr as the eustatic component leaves 1.5 mm/yr representing subsidence and long-term oceanographic factors. Read the entire page →
From page 23... ... , which shows that if interannual variations are removed, mean sea level shows broad fluctuation but has generally risen at 1.3 mm/yr over 125 years (Hicks et al., 1983~. No distinguishable change is evident for the last several decades. Read the entire page →

From page 9...

... International attention has been drawn toward this problem by two possibly interrelated sets of observations: (1) relative mean sea level is rising and beach erosion is being exacerbated in many parts of the world (Bird, 1985)

1 Relative Mean Sea Level Pages 9-23

1 Relative Mean Sea Level
Pages 9-23