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Executive Summary
Pages 1-9

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From page 1...
... Despite these precautions and for a variety of reasons, U.S. landmines also occasionally kill friendly personnel, typically ~ The Convention on Conventional Weapons, Amended Protocol II, defines an APL as "a mine primarily designed to be exploded by the presence, proximity, or contact of a person and that will incapacitate, injure, or kill one or more persons" (see Appendix E)
From page 2...
... The National Acaclemies As part of the Track III initiative, DOD contracted with the National Academy of Sciences to conduct a study of existing and new technologies that might provide an alternative to APL. In response, the Committee on Alternative Technologies to Replace Antipersonnel Landmines was established.
From page 3...
... To determine whether an alternative would meet DOD's military requirements, the committee used the two mission need statements developed by DOD for APL alternatives as a basis for assessing military effectiveness. The humanitarian intent of international agreements such as the Ottawa Convention and the CCW Amended Protocol II, although not specified in the Statement of Task, was an implicit basis for this study and was also considered a criterion.
From page 4...
... Taser Nonlethal Munition Wide Area Munition Product Improvement Program (WAM PIP) Remote Area-Denial Artillery Munition (RADAM)
From page 5...
... Conclusion 3. By 2006, alternative tactics or operational concepts could not, on their own, provide tactical advantages similar to those provided by antipersonnel landmines, without a significant increase in force structure.
From page 6...
... The committee recognized that the NSDA with the switch would provide greater military flexibility in responding to an intruder. However, the committee concluded that the NSD-A without a battlefield override switch would have significant tactical advantages over the existing M14/M16 APL and would reduce the potential for fratricide and noncombatant casualties.
From page 7...
... This two-phased, evolutionary improvement program for the existing Hornet/WAM would add a man-in-the-loop to control the minefield, better sensors to improve target detection, and an improved dualpurpose warhead. The WAM PIP' s much greater kill-radius would provide military advantages over the baseline Volcano M87.
From page 8...
... The concepts included enhancing current AT mines by adding nonlethal devices, such as Tasers, to protect them from being breached, or a telemetry and sensor package that could provide near real-time knowledge of the location of scattered minefields or of a breach attempt. The committee also considered the Raptor, a smart, autonomous, AT system ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGIES TO REPLACE ANTIPERSONNEL LANDMINES already in development that will improve situational awareness and provide targeting information to other weapons, such as the Hornet/WAM.
From page 9...
... Recommendation 9. Any nonrecoverable, explosive alternative to antipersonnel landmines should have selfdestructing and self-deactivating fuzes to meet operational requirements, address humanitarian concerns, and reduce fratricide among friendly troops.


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